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a7247d85 1/*
2 * LEGIC RF simulation code
3 *
4 * (c) 2009 Henryk Plötz <henryk@ploetzli.ch>
5 */
6
7#include <proxmark3.h>
8
9#include "apps.h"
10#include "legicrf.h"
ccedd6ae 11#include "unistd.h"
12#include "stdint.h"
a7247d85 13
14static struct legic_frame {
ccedd6ae 15 int bits;
16 uint16_t data;
a7247d85 17} current_frame;
add16a62 18AT91PS_TC timer;
19
20static void setup_timer(void)
21{
22 /* Set up Timer 1 to use for measuring time between pulses. Since we're bit-banging
23 * this it won't be terribly accurate but should be good enough.
24 */
25 AT91C_BASE_PMC->PMC_PCER = (1 << AT91C_ID_TC1);
26 timer = AT91C_BASE_TC1;
27 timer->TC_CCR = AT91C_TC_CLKDIS;
28 timer->TC_CMR = TC_CMR_TCCLKS_TIMER_CLOCK3;
29 timer->TC_CCR = AT91C_TC_CLKEN | AT91C_TC_SWTRG;
30
31/* At TIMER_CLOCK3 (MCK/32) */
32#define RWD_TIME_1 150 /* RWD_TIME_PAUSE off, 80us on = 100us */
33#define RWD_TIME_0 90 /* RWD_TIME_PAUSE off, 40us on = 60us */
34#define RWD_TIME_PAUSE 30 /* 20us */
35#define RWD_TIME_FUZZ 20 /* rather generous 13us, since the peak detector + hysteresis fuzz quite a bit */
36#define TAG_TIME_BIT 150 /* 100us for every bit */
37#define TAG_TIME_WAIT 490 /* time from RWD frame end to tag frame start, experimentally determined */
38
39}
40
41#define FUZZ_EQUAL(value, target, fuzz) ((value) > ((target)-(fuzz)) && (value) < ((target)+(fuzz)))
aac23b24 42
4014b814 43static const struct legic_frame queries[] = {
aac23b24 44 {7, 0x55}, /* 1010 101 */
45};
ccedd6ae 46
4014b814 47static const struct legic_frame responses[] = {
aac23b24 48 {6, 0x3b}, /* 1101 11 */
49};
a7247d85 50
add16a62 51/* Send a frame in tag mode, the FPGA must have been set up by
52 * LegicRfSimulate
53 */
54static void frame_send_tag(uint16_t response, int bits)
a7247d85 55{
56#if 0
57 /* Use the SSC to send a response. 8-bit transfers, LSBit first, 100us per bit */
58#else
59 /* Bitbang the response */
60 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_CODR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
61 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_OER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
62 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
63
64 /* Wait for the frame start */
add16a62 65 while(timer->TC_CV < TAG_TIME_WAIT) ;
a7247d85 66
67 int i;
ccedd6ae 68 for(i=0; i<bits; i++) {
add16a62 69 int nextbit = timer->TC_CV + TAG_TIME_BIT;
ccedd6ae 70 int bit = response & 1;
71 response = response >> 1;
a7247d85 72 if(bit)
73 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_SODR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
74 else
75 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_CODR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
add16a62 76 while(timer->TC_CV < nextbit) ;
a7247d85 77 }
78 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_CODR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
79#endif
80}
81
dcc10e5e 82/* Send a frame in reader mode, the FPGA must have been set up by
83 * LegicRfReader
84 */
85static void frame_send_rwd(uint16_t data, int bits)
86{
87 /* Start clock */
88 timer->TC_CCR = AT91C_TC_CLKEN | AT91C_TC_SWTRG;
89 while(timer->TC_CV > 1) ; /* Wait till the clock has reset */
90
91 int i;
92 for(i=0; i<bits; i++) {
93 int starttime = timer->TC_CV;
94 int pause_end = starttime + RWD_TIME_PAUSE, bit_end;
95 int bit = data & 1;
96 data = data >> 1;
97
98 if(bit) {
99 bit_end = starttime + RWD_TIME_1;
100 } else {
101 bit_end = starttime + RWD_TIME_0;
102 }
103
104 /* RWD_TIME_PAUSE time off, then some time on, so that the complete bit time is
105 * RWD_TIME_x, where x is the bit to be transmitted */
106 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_CODR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
107 while(timer->TC_CV < pause_end) ;
108 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_SODR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
109 while(timer->TC_CV < bit_end) ;
110 }
111
112 {
113 /* One final pause to mark the end of the frame */
114 int pause_end = timer->TC_CV + RWD_TIME_PAUSE;
115 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_CODR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
116 while(timer->TC_CV < pause_end) ;
117 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_SODR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
118 }
119
120 /* Reset the timer, to measure time until the start of the tag frame */
121 timer->TC_CCR = AT91C_TC_SWTRG;
122}
123
124/* Receive a frame from the card in reader emulation mode, the FPGA and
125 * timer must have been set up by LegicRfReader and frame_send_rwd.
126 *
127 * The LEGIC RF protocol from card to reader does not include explicit
128 * frame start/stop information or length information. The reader must
129 * know beforehand how many bits it wants to receive. (Notably: a card
130 * sending a stream of 0-bits is indistinguishable from no card present.)
131 *
132 * Receive methodology: There is a fancy correlator in hi_read_rx_xcorr, but
133 * I'm not smart enough to use it. Instead I have patched hi_read_tx to output
134 * the ADC signal with hysteresis on SSP_DIN. Bit-bang that signal and look
135 * for edges. Count the edges in each bit interval. If they are approximately
136 * 0 this was a 0-bit, if they are approximately equal to the number of edges
137 * expected for a 212kHz subcarrier, this was a 1-bit. For timing we use the
138 * timer that's still running from frame_send_rwd in order to get a synchronization
139 * with the frame that we just sent.
140 *
141 * FIXME: Because we're relying on the hysteresis to just do the right thing
142 * the range is severely reduced (and you'll probably also need a good antenna).
143 * So this should be fixed some time in the future for a proper receiver.
144 */
145static void frame_receive_rwd(struct legic_frame * const f, int bits)
146{
147 uint16_t the_bit = 1; /* Use a bitmask to save on shifts */
148 uint16_t data=0;
149 int i, old_level=0, edges=0;
150 int next_bit_at = TAG_TIME_WAIT;
151
152
153 if(bits > 16)
154 bits = 16;
155
156 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_ODR = GPIO_SSC_DIN;
157 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PER = GPIO_SSC_DIN;
158
159 while(timer->TC_CV < next_bit_at) ;
160 next_bit_at += TAG_TIME_BIT;
161
162 for(i=0; i<bits; i++) {
163 edges = 0;
164 while(timer->TC_CV < next_bit_at) {
165 int level = (AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PDSR & GPIO_SSC_DIN);
166 if(level != old_level)
167 edges++;
168 old_level = level;
169 }
170 next_bit_at += TAG_TIME_BIT;
171
172 if(edges > 20 && edges < 60) { /* expected are 42 edges */
173 data |= the_bit;
174 }
175
176
177 the_bit <<= 1;
178 }
179
180 f->data = data;
181 f->bits = bits;
182}
183
add16a62 184/* Figure out a response to a frame in tag mode */
185static void frame_respond_tag(struct legic_frame const * const f)
a7247d85 186{
187 LED_D_ON();
1dea88f9 188 int i, r_size=0;
189 uint16_t r_data=0;
ccedd6ae 190
aac23b24 191 for(i=0; i<sizeof(queries)/sizeof(queries[0]); i++) {
ccedd6ae 192 if(f->bits == queries[i].bits && f->data == queries[i].data) {
4014b814 193 r_data = responses[i].data;
194 r_size = responses[i].bits;
aac23b24 195 break;
196 }
197 }
198
4014b814 199 if(r_size != 0) {
add16a62 200 frame_send_tag(r_data, r_size);
aac23b24 201 LED_A_ON();
202 } else {
203 LED_A_OFF();
a7247d85 204 }
aac23b24 205
a7247d85 206 LED_D_OFF();
207}
208
ccedd6ae 209static void frame_append_bit(struct legic_frame * const f, int bit)
a7247d85 210{
ccedd6ae 211 if(f->bits >= 15)
a7247d85 212 return; /* Overflow, won't happen */
ccedd6ae 213 f->data |= (bit<<f->bits);
214 f->bits++;
a7247d85 215}
216
ccedd6ae 217static int frame_is_empty(struct legic_frame const * const f)
a7247d85 218{
ccedd6ae 219 return( f->bits <= 4 );
a7247d85 220}
221
add16a62 222/* Handle (whether to respond) a frame in tag mode */
223static void frame_handle_tag(struct legic_frame const * const f)
a7247d85 224{
ccedd6ae 225 if(f->bits == 6) {
aac23b24 226 /* Short path */
227 return;
228 }
a7247d85 229 if( !frame_is_empty(f) ) {
add16a62 230 frame_respond_tag(f);
a7247d85 231 }
232}
233
ccedd6ae 234static void frame_clean(struct legic_frame * const f)
a7247d85 235{
ccedd6ae 236 f->data = 0;
237 f->bits = 0;
a7247d85 238}
239
add16a62 240enum emit_mode {
241 EMIT_RWD, /* Emit in tag simulation mode, e.g. the source is the RWD */
242 EMIT_TAG /* Emit in reader simulation mode, e.g. the source is the TAG */
243};
244static void emit(enum emit_mode mode, int bit)
a7247d85 245{
246 if(bit == -1) {
add16a62 247 if(mode == EMIT_RWD) {
248 frame_handle_tag(&current_frame);
249 }
a7247d85 250 frame_clean(&current_frame);
251 } else if(bit == 0) {
252 frame_append_bit(&current_frame, 0);
253 } else if(bit == 1) {
254 frame_append_bit(&current_frame, 1);
255 }
256}
257
258void LegicRfSimulate(void)
259{
260 /* ADC path high-frequency peak detector, FPGA in high-frequency simulator mode,
261 * modulation mode set to 212kHz subcarrier. We are getting the incoming raw
262 * envelope waveform on DIN and should send our response on DOUT.
263 *
264 * The LEGIC RF protocol is pulse-pause-encoding from reader to card, so we'll
265 * measure the time between two rising edges on DIN, and no encoding on the
266 * subcarrier from card to reader, so we'll just shift out our verbatim data
267 * on DOUT, 1 bit is 100us. The time from reader to card frame is still unclear,
268 * seems to be 300us-ish.
269 */
270 SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
271 FpgaSetupSsc();
272 FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR | FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_MODULATE_212K);
273
274 /* Bitbang the receiver */
275 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_ODR = GPIO_SSC_DIN;
276 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PER = GPIO_SSC_DIN;
277
add16a62 278 setup_timer();
a7247d85 279
add16a62 280 int old_level = 0;
a7247d85 281 int active = 0;
add16a62 282
a7247d85 283 while(!BUTTON_PRESS()) {
284 int level = !!(AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PDSR & GPIO_SSC_DIN);
add16a62 285 int time = timer->TC_CV;
a7247d85 286
287 if(level != old_level) {
288 if(level == 1) {
add16a62 289 timer->TC_CCR = AT91C_TC_CLKEN | AT91C_TC_SWTRG;
290 if(FUZZ_EQUAL(time, RWD_TIME_1, RWD_TIME_FUZZ)) {
a7247d85 291 /* 1 bit */
add16a62 292 emit(EMIT_RWD, 1);
a7247d85 293 active = 1;
aac23b24 294 LED_B_ON();
add16a62 295 } else if(FUZZ_EQUAL(time, RWD_TIME_0, RWD_TIME_FUZZ)) {
a7247d85 296 /* 0 bit */
add16a62 297 emit(EMIT_RWD, 0);
aac23b24 298 active = 1;
299 LED_B_ON();
300 } else if(active) {
a7247d85 301 /* invalid */
add16a62 302 emit(EMIT_RWD, -1);
a7247d85 303 active = 0;
aac23b24 304 LED_B_OFF();
a7247d85 305 }
306 }
307 }
308
add16a62 309 if(time >= (RWD_TIME_1+RWD_TIME_FUZZ) && active) {
a7247d85 310 /* Frame end */
add16a62 311 emit(EMIT_RWD, -1);
a7247d85 312 active = 0;
aac23b24 313 LED_B_OFF();
a7247d85 314 }
315
add16a62 316 if(time >= (20*RWD_TIME_1) && (timer->TC_SR & AT91C_TC_CLKSTA)) {
317 timer->TC_CCR = AT91C_TC_CLKDIS;
a7247d85 318 }
319
320
321 old_level = level;
322 WDT_HIT();
323 }
324}
dcc10e5e 325
326void LegicRfReader(void)
327{
328 SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
329 FpgaSetupSsc();
330 FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_TX);
331
332 /* Bitbang the transmitter */
333 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_CODR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
334 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_OER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
335 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
336
337 setup_timer();
338
339 while(!BUTTON_PRESS()) {
340 /* Switch on carrier and let the tag charge for 1ms */
341 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_SODR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
342 SpinDelay(1);
343
344 LED_A_ON();
345 frame_send_rwd(queries[0].data, queries[0].bits);
346 LED_A_OFF();
347
348 frame_clean(&current_frame);
349 LED_B_ON();
350 frame_receive_rwd(&current_frame, responses[0].bits);
351 LED_B_OFF();
352
353 /* Switch off carrier, make sure tag is reset */
354 AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_CODR = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
355 SpinDelay(10);
356
357 WDT_HIT();
358 }
359
360}
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