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1 | /***************************************************************************** |
2 | * WARNING | |
3 | * | |
4 | * THIS CODE IS CREATED FOR EXPERIMENTATION AND EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY. | |
5 | * | |
6 | * USAGE OF THIS CODE IN OTHER WAYS MAY INFRINGE UPON THE INTELLECTUAL | |
7 | * PROPERTY OF OTHER PARTIES, SUCH AS INSIDE SECURE AND HID GLOBAL, | |
8 | * AND MAY EXPOSE YOU TO AN INFRINGEMENT ACTION FROM THOSE PARTIES. | |
9 | * | |
10 | * THIS CODE SHOULD NEVER BE USED TO INFRINGE PATENTS OR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. | |
11 | * | |
12 | ***************************************************************************** | |
13 | * | |
14 | * This file is part of loclass. It is a reconstructon of the cipher engine | |
15 | * used in iClass, and RFID techology. | |
16 | * | |
17 | * The implementation is based on the work performed by | |
18 | * Flavio D. Garcia, Gerhard de Koning Gans, Roel Verdult and | |
19 | * Milosch Meriac in the paper "Dismantling IClass". | |
20 | * | |
21 | * Copyright (C) 2014 Martin Holst Swende | |
22 | * | |
23 | * This is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
24 | * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published | |
25 | * by the Free Software Foundation. | |
26 | * | |
27 | * This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
28 | * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
29 | * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
30 | * GNU General Public License for more details. | |
31 | * | |
32 | * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
33 | * along with loclass. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | |
34 | * | |
35 | * | |
36 | * | |
37 | ****************************************************************************/ | |
38 | ||
39 | /** | |
40 | ||
41 | This file contains an optimized version of the MAC-calculation algorithm. Some measurements on | |
42 | a std laptop showed it runs in about 1/3 of the time: | |
43 | ||
44 | Std: 0.428962 | |
45 | Opt: 0.151609 | |
46 | ||
47 | Additionally, it is self-reliant, not requiring e.g. bitstreams from the cipherutils, thus can | |
48 | be easily dropped into a code base. | |
49 | ||
50 | The optimizations have been performed in the following steps: | |
51 | * Parameters passed by reference instead of by value. | |
52 | * Iteration instead of recursion, un-nesting recursive loops into for-loops. | |
53 | * Handling of bytes instead of individual bits, for less shuffling and masking | |
54 | * Less creation of "objects", structs, and instead reuse of alloc:ed memory | |
55 | * Inlining some functions via #define:s | |
56 | ||
57 | As a consequence, this implementation is less generic. Also, I haven't bothered documenting this. | |
58 | For a thorough documentation, check out the MAC-calculation within cipher.c instead. | |
59 | ||
60 | -- MHS 2015 | |
61 | **/ | |
62 | ||
63 | #include "optimized_cipher.h" | |
c99dc845 MHS |
64 | |
65 | #define opt_T(s) (0x1 & ((s->t >> 15) ^ (s->t >> 14)^ (s->t >> 10)^ (s->t >> 8)^ (s->t >> 5)^ (s->t >> 4)^ (s->t >> 1)^ s->t)) | |
66 | ||
67 | #define opt_B(s) (((s->b >> 6) ^ (s->b >> 5) ^ (s->b >> 4) ^ (s->b)) & 0x1) | |
68 | ||
69 | #define opt__select(x,y,r) (4 & (((r & (r << 2)) >> 5) ^ ((r & ~(r << 2)) >> 4) ^ ( (r | r << 2) >> 3)))\ | |
70 | |(2 & (((r | r << 2) >> 6) ^ ( (r | r << 2) >> 1) ^ (r >> 5) ^ r ^ ((x^y) << 1)))\ | |
71 | |(1 & (((r & ~(r << 2)) >> 4) ^ ((r & (r << 2)) >> 3) ^ r ^ x)) | |
72 | ||
73 | /* | |
74 | * Some background on the expression above can be found here... | |
75 | uint8_t xopt__select(bool x, bool y, uint8_t r) | |
76 | { | |
77 | uint8_t r_ls2 = r << 2; | |
78 | uint8_t r_and_ls2 = r & r_ls2; | |
79 | uint8_t r_or_ls2 = r | r_ls2; | |
80 | ||
81 | //r: r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 | |
82 | //r_ls2: r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 0 0 | |
83 | // z0 | |
84 | // z1 | |
85 | ||
86 | // uint8_t z0 = (r0 & r2) ^ (r1 & ~r3) ^ (r2 | r4); // <-- original | |
87 | uint8_t z0 = (r_and_ls2 >> 5) ^ ((r & ~r_ls2) >> 4) ^ ( r_or_ls2 >> 3); | |
88 | ||
89 | // uint8_t z1 = (r0 | r2) ^ ( r5 | r7) ^ r1 ^ r6 ^ x ^ y; // <-- original | |
90 | uint8_t z1 = (r_or_ls2 >> 6) ^ ( r_or_ls2 >> 1) ^ (r >> 5) ^ r ^ ((x^y) << 1); | |
91 | ||
92 | // uint8_t z2 = (r3 & ~r5) ^ (r4 & r6 ) ^ r7 ^ x; // <-- original | |
93 | uint8_t z2 = ((r & ~r_ls2) >> 4) ^ (r_and_ls2 >> 3) ^ r ^ x; | |
94 | ||
95 | return (z0 & 4) | (z1 & 2) | (z2 & 1); | |
96 | } | |
97 | */ | |
98 | ||
61fe9073 | 99 | void opt_successor(const uint8_t* k, State *s, bool y, State* successor) |
c99dc845 | 100 | { |
c99dc845 MHS |
101 | uint8_t Tt = 1 & opt_T(s); |
102 | ||
103 | successor->t = (s->t >> 1); | |
104 | successor->t |= (Tt ^ (s->r >> 7 & 0x1) ^ (s->r >> 3 & 0x1)) << 15; | |
105 | ||
106 | successor->b = s->b >> 1; | |
107 | successor->b |= (opt_B(s) ^ (s->r & 0x1)) << 7; | |
108 | ||
109 | successor->r = (k[opt__select(Tt,y,s->r)] ^ successor->b) + s->l ; | |
110 | successor->l = successor->r+s->r; | |
111 | ||
112 | } | |
113 | ||
61fe9073 | 114 | void opt_suc(const uint8_t* k,State* s, uint8_t *in, uint8_t length, bool add32Zeroes) |
c99dc845 MHS |
115 | { |
116 | State x2; | |
117 | int i; | |
118 | uint8_t head = 0; | |
61fe9073 | 119 | for(i =0 ; i < length ; i++) |
c99dc845 MHS |
120 | { |
121 | head = 1 & (in[i] >> 7); | |
122 | opt_successor(k,s,head,&x2); | |
123 | ||
124 | head = 1 & (in[i] >> 6); | |
125 | opt_successor(k,&x2,head,s); | |
126 | ||
127 | head = 1 & (in[i] >> 5); | |
128 | opt_successor(k,s,head,&x2); | |
129 | ||
130 | head = 1 & (in[i] >> 4); | |
131 | opt_successor(k,&x2,head,s); | |
132 | ||
133 | head = 1 & (in[i] >> 3); | |
134 | opt_successor(k,s,head,&x2); | |
135 | ||
136 | head = 1 & (in[i] >> 2); | |
137 | opt_successor(k,&x2,head,s); | |
138 | ||
139 | head = 1 & (in[i] >> 1); | |
140 | opt_successor(k,s,head,&x2); | |
141 | ||
142 | head = 1 & in[i]; | |
143 | opt_successor(k,&x2,head,s); | |
144 | ||
145 | } | |
61fe9073 MHS |
146 | //For tag MAC, an additional 32 zeroes |
147 | if(add32Zeroes) | |
148 | for(i =0 ; i < 16 ; i++) | |
149 | { | |
150 | opt_successor(k,s,0,&x2); | |
151 | opt_successor(k,&x2,0,s); | |
152 | } | |
c99dc845 MHS |
153 | } |
154 | ||
61fe9073 | 155 | void opt_output(const uint8_t* k,State* s, uint8_t *buffer) |
c99dc845 MHS |
156 | { |
157 | uint8_t times = 0; | |
158 | uint8_t bout = 0; | |
159 | State temp = {0,0,0,0}; | |
160 | for( ; times < 4 ; times++) | |
161 | { | |
162 | bout =0; | |
163 | bout |= (s->r & 0x4) << 5; | |
164 | opt_successor(k,s,0,&temp); | |
165 | bout |= (temp.r & 0x4) << 4; | |
166 | opt_successor(k,&temp,0,s); | |
167 | bout |= (s->r & 0x4) << 3; | |
168 | opt_successor(k,s,0,&temp); | |
169 | bout |= (temp.r & 0x4) << 2; | |
170 | opt_successor(k,&temp,0,s); | |
171 | bout |= (s->r & 0x4) << 1; | |
172 | opt_successor(k,s,0,&temp); | |
173 | bout |= (temp.r & 0x4) ; | |
174 | opt_successor(k,&temp,0,s); | |
175 | bout |= (s->r & 0x4) >> 1; | |
176 | opt_successor(k,s,0,&temp); | |
177 | bout |= (temp.r & 0x4) >> 2; | |
178 | opt_successor(k,&temp,0,s); | |
179 | buffer[times] = bout; | |
180 | } | |
181 | ||
182 | } | |
183 | ||
184 | void opt_MAC(uint8_t* k, uint8_t* input, uint8_t* out) | |
185 | { | |
186 | State _init = { | |
187 | ((k[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0xEC) & 0xFF,// l | |
188 | ((k[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0x21) & 0xFF,// r | |
189 | 0x4c, // b | |
190 | 0xE012 // t | |
191 | }; | |
192 | ||
61fe9073 | 193 | opt_suc(k,&_init,input,12, false); |
c99dc845 MHS |
194 | //printf("\noutp "); |
195 | opt_output(k,&_init, out); | |
196 | } | |
197 | uint8_t rev_byte(uint8_t b) { | |
198 | b = (b & 0xF0) >> 4 | (b & 0x0F) << 4; | |
199 | b = (b & 0xCC) >> 2 | (b & 0x33) << 2; | |
200 | b = (b & 0xAA) >> 1 | (b & 0x55) << 1; | |
201 | return b; | |
202 | } | |
203 | void opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(uint8_t* dest, uint8_t *src, size_t len) | |
204 | { | |
205 | uint8_t i; | |
206 | for( i =0; i< len ; i++) | |
207 | dest[i] = rev_byte(src[i]); | |
208 | } | |
209 | ||
61fe9073 | 210 | void opt_doReaderMAC(uint8_t *cc_nr_p, uint8_t *div_key_p, uint8_t mac[4]) |
c99dc845 | 211 | { |
61fe9073 | 212 | static uint8_t cc_nr[12]; |
c99dc845 | 213 | |
2d3f8e5f | 214 | opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(cc_nr, cc_nr_p, 12); |
c99dc845 | 215 | uint8_t dest []= {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; |
2d3f8e5f | 216 | opt_MAC(div_key_p, cc_nr, dest); |
61fe9073 | 217 | //The output MAC must also be reversed |
2d3f8e5f | 218 | opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(mac, dest, 4); |
61fe9073 MHS |
219 | return; |
220 | } | |
221 | void opt_doTagMAC(uint8_t *cc_p, const uint8_t *div_key_p, uint8_t mac[4]) | |
222 | { | |
223 | static uint8_t cc_nr[8+4+4]; | |
2d3f8e5f | 224 | opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(cc_nr, cc_p, 12); |
61fe9073 MHS |
225 | State _init = { |
226 | ((div_key_p[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0xEC) & 0xFF,// l | |
227 | ((div_key_p[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0x21) & 0xFF,// r | |
228 | 0x4c, // b | |
229 | 0xE012 // t | |
230 | }; | |
2d3f8e5f | 231 | opt_suc(div_key_p, &_init, cc_nr, 12, true); |
61fe9073 | 232 | uint8_t dest []= {0,0,0,0}; |
2d3f8e5f | 233 | opt_output(div_key_p, &_init, dest); |
61fe9073 MHS |
234 | //The output MAC must also be reversed |
235 | opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(mac, dest,4); | |
236 | return; | |
237 | ||
238 | } | |
239 | /** | |
240 | * The tag MAC can be divided (both can, but no point in dividing the reader mac) into | |
241 | * two functions, since the first 8 bytes are known, we can pre-calculate the state | |
242 | * reached after feeding CC to the cipher. | |
243 | * @param cc_p | |
244 | * @param div_key_p | |
245 | * @return the cipher state | |
246 | */ | |
247 | State opt_doTagMAC_1(uint8_t *cc_p, const uint8_t *div_key_p) | |
248 | { | |
249 | static uint8_t cc_nr[8]; | |
2d3f8e5f | 250 | opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(cc_nr, cc_p, 8); |
61fe9073 MHS |
251 | State _init = { |
252 | ((div_key_p[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0xEC) & 0xFF,// l | |
253 | ((div_key_p[0] ^ 0x4c) + 0x21) & 0xFF,// r | |
254 | 0x4c, // b | |
255 | 0xE012 // t | |
256 | }; | |
2d3f8e5f | 257 | opt_suc(div_key_p, &_init, cc_nr, 8, false); |
61fe9073 MHS |
258 | return _init; |
259 | } | |
260 | /** | |
261 | * The second part of the tag MAC calculation, since the CC is already calculated into the state, | |
262 | * this function is fed only the NR, and internally feeds the remaining 32 0-bits to generate the tag | |
263 | * MAC response. | |
264 | * @param _init - precalculated cipher state | |
265 | * @param nr - the reader challenge | |
266 | * @param mac - where to store the MAC | |
267 | * @param div_key_p - the key to use | |
268 | */ | |
269 | void opt_doTagMAC_2(State _init, uint8_t* nr, uint8_t mac[4], const uint8_t* div_key_p) | |
270 | { | |
271 | static uint8_t _nr [4]; | |
272 | opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(_nr, nr, 4); | |
2d3f8e5f | 273 | opt_suc(div_key_p, &_init,_nr, 4, true); |
274 | //opt_suc(div_key_p, &_init,nr, 4, false); | |
61fe9073 | 275 | uint8_t dest []= {0,0,0,0}; |
2d3f8e5f | 276 | opt_output(div_key_p, &_init, dest); |
c99dc845 | 277 | //The output MAC must also be reversed |
61fe9073 | 278 | opt_reverse_arraybytecpy(mac, dest,4); |
c99dc845 MHS |
279 | return; |
280 | } |