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1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 // Gerhard de Koning Gans - May 2008
3 // Hagen Fritsch - June 2010
4 // Gerhard de Koning Gans - May 2011
5 // Gerhard de Koning Gans - June 2012 - Added iClass card and reader emulation
6 // piwi - 2019
7 //
8 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
9 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
10 // the license.
11 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 // Routines to support iClass.
13 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 // Contribution made during a security research at Radboud University Nijmegen
15 //
16 // Please feel free to contribute and extend iClass support!!
17 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
18
19 #include "iclass.h"
20
21 #include "proxmark3.h"
22 #include "apps.h"
23 #include "util.h"
24 #include "string.h"
25 #include "printf.h"
26 #include "common.h"
27 #include "usb_cdc.h"
28 #include "iso14443a.h"
29 #include "iso15693.h"
30 // Needed for CRC in emulation mode;
31 // same construction as in ISO 14443;
32 // different initial value (CRC_ICLASS)
33 #include "iso14443crc.h"
34 #include "iso15693tools.h"
35 #include "protocols.h"
36 #include "optimized_cipher.h"
37 #include "fpgaloader.h"
38
39 // iCLASS has a slightly different timing compared to ISO15693. According to the picopass data sheet the tag response is expected 330us after
40 // the reader command. This is measured from end of reader EOF to first modulation of the tag's SOF which starts with a 56,64us unmodulated period.
41 // 330us = 140 ssp_clk cycles @ 423,75kHz when simulating.
42 // 56,64us = 24 ssp_clk_cycles
43 #define DELAY_ICLASS_VCD_TO_VICC_SIM (140 - 24)
44 // times in ssp_clk_cycles @ 3,3625MHz when acting as reader
45 #define DELAY_ICLASS_VICC_TO_VCD_READER DELAY_ISO15693_VICC_TO_VCD_READER
46 // times in samples @ 212kHz when acting as reader
47 #define ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_ACTALL 330 // 1558us, nominal 330us + 7slots*160us = 1450us
48 #define ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_UPDATE 3390 // 16000us, nominal 4-15ms
49 #define ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_OTHERS 80 // 380us, nominal 330us
50
51 #define ICLASS_BUFFER_SIZE 34 // we expect max 34 bytes as tag answer (response to READ4)
52
53
54 //=============================================================================
55 // A `sniffer' for iClass communication
56 // Both sides of communication!
57 //=============================================================================
58 void SnoopIClass(uint8_t jam_search_len, uint8_t *jam_search_string) {
59 SnoopIso15693(jam_search_len, jam_search_string);
60 }
61
62
63 void rotateCSN(uint8_t* originalCSN, uint8_t* rotatedCSN) {
64 int i;
65 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
66 rotatedCSN[i] = (originalCSN[i] >> 3) | (originalCSN[(i+1)%8] << 5);
67 }
68 }
69
70
71 // Encode SOF only
72 static void CodeIClassTagSOF() {
73 ToSendReset();
74 ToSend[++ToSendMax] = 0x1D;
75 ToSendMax++;
76 }
77
78
79 static void AppendCrc(uint8_t *data, int len) {
80 ComputeCrc14443(CRC_ICLASS, data, len, data+len, data+len+1);
81 }
82
83
84 /**
85 * @brief Does the actual simulation
86 */
87 int doIClassSimulation(int simulationMode, uint8_t *reader_mac_buf) {
88
89 // free eventually allocated BigBuf memory
90 BigBuf_free_keep_EM();
91
92 uint16_t page_size = 32 * 8;
93 uint8_t current_page = 0;
94
95 // maintain cipher states for both credit and debit key for each page
96 State cipher_state_KC[8];
97 State cipher_state_KD[8];
98 State *cipher_state = &cipher_state_KD[0];
99
100 uint8_t *emulator = BigBuf_get_EM_addr();
101 uint8_t *csn = emulator;
102
103 // CSN followed by two CRC bytes
104 uint8_t anticoll_data[10];
105 uint8_t csn_data[10];
106 memcpy(csn_data, csn, sizeof(csn_data));
107 Dbprintf("Simulating CSN %02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x", csn[0], csn[1], csn[2], csn[3], csn[4], csn[5], csn[6], csn[7]);
108
109 // Construct anticollision-CSN
110 rotateCSN(csn_data, anticoll_data);
111
112 // Compute CRC on both CSNs
113 AppendCrc(anticoll_data, 8);
114 AppendCrc(csn_data, 8);
115
116 uint8_t diversified_key_d[8] = { 0x00 };
117 uint8_t diversified_key_c[8] = { 0x00 };
118 uint8_t *diversified_key = diversified_key_d;
119
120 // configuration block
121 uint8_t conf_block[10] = {0x12, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00};
122
123 // e-Purse
124 uint8_t card_challenge_data[8] = { 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff };
125
126 if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL) {
127 // initialize from page 0
128 memcpy(conf_block, emulator + 8 * 1, 8);
129 memcpy(card_challenge_data, emulator + 8 * 2, 8); // e-purse
130 memcpy(diversified_key_d, emulator + 8 * 3, 8); // Kd
131 memcpy(diversified_key_c, emulator + 8 * 4, 8); // Kc
132 }
133
134 AppendCrc(conf_block, 8);
135
136 // save card challenge for sim2,4 attack
137 if (reader_mac_buf != NULL) {
138 memcpy(reader_mac_buf, card_challenge_data, 8);
139 }
140
141 if (conf_block[5] & 0x80) {
142 page_size = 256 * 8;
143 }
144
145 // From PicoPass DS:
146 // When the page is in personalization mode this bit is equal to 1.
147 // Once the application issuer has personalized and coded its dedicated areas, this bit must be set to 0:
148 // the page is then "in application mode".
149 bool personalization_mode = conf_block[7] & 0x80;
150
151 // chip memory may be divided in 8 pages
152 uint8_t max_page = conf_block[4] & 0x10 ? 0 : 7;
153
154 // Precalculate the cipher states, feeding it the CC
155 cipher_state_KD[0] = opt_doTagMAC_1(card_challenge_data, diversified_key_d);
156 cipher_state_KC[0] = opt_doTagMAC_1(card_challenge_data, diversified_key_c);
157 if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL) {
158 for (int i = 1; i < max_page; i++) {
159 uint8_t *epurse = emulator + i*page_size + 8*2;
160 uint8_t *Kd = emulator + i*page_size + 8*3;
161 uint8_t *Kc = emulator + i*page_size + 8*4;
162 cipher_state_KD[i] = opt_doTagMAC_1(epurse, Kd);
163 cipher_state_KC[i] = opt_doTagMAC_1(epurse, Kc);
164 }
165 }
166
167 int exitLoop = 0;
168 // Reader 0a
169 // Tag 0f
170 // Reader 0c
171 // Tag anticoll. CSN
172 // Reader 81 anticoll. CSN
173 // Tag CSN
174
175 uint8_t *modulated_response;
176 int modulated_response_size = 0;
177 uint8_t *trace_data = NULL;
178 int trace_data_size = 0;
179
180 // Respond SOF -- takes 1 bytes
181 uint8_t *resp_sof = BigBuf_malloc(1);
182 int resp_sof_Len;
183
184 // Anticollision CSN (rotated CSN)
185 // 22: Takes 2 bytes for SOF/EOF and 10 * 2 = 20 bytes (2 bytes/byte)
186 uint8_t *resp_anticoll = BigBuf_malloc(22);
187 int resp_anticoll_len;
188
189 // CSN (block 0)
190 // 22: Takes 2 bytes for SOF/EOF and 10 * 2 = 20 bytes (2 bytes/byte)
191 uint8_t *resp_csn = BigBuf_malloc(22);
192 int resp_csn_len;
193
194 // configuration (block 1) picopass 2ks
195 uint8_t *resp_conf = BigBuf_malloc(22);
196 int resp_conf_len;
197
198 // e-Purse (block 2)
199 // 18: Takes 2 bytes for SOF/EOF and 8 * 2 = 16 bytes (2 bytes/bit)
200 uint8_t *resp_cc = BigBuf_malloc(18);
201 int resp_cc_len;
202
203 // Kd, Kc (blocks 3 and 4). Cannot be read. Always respond with 0xff bytes only
204 uint8_t *resp_ff = BigBuf_malloc(22);
205 int resp_ff_len;
206 uint8_t ff_data[10] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00};
207 AppendCrc(ff_data, 8);
208
209 // Application Issuer Area (block 5)
210 uint8_t *resp_aia = BigBuf_malloc(22);
211 int resp_aia_len;
212 uint8_t aia_data[10] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00};
213 AppendCrc(aia_data, 8);
214
215 uint8_t *receivedCmd = BigBuf_malloc(MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
216 int len;
217
218 // Prepare card messages
219
220 // First card answer: SOF only
221 CodeIClassTagSOF();
222 memcpy(resp_sof, ToSend, ToSendMax);
223 resp_sof_Len = ToSendMax;
224
225 // Anticollision CSN
226 CodeIso15693AsTag(anticoll_data, sizeof(anticoll_data));
227 memcpy(resp_anticoll, ToSend, ToSendMax);
228 resp_anticoll_len = ToSendMax;
229
230 // CSN (block 0)
231 CodeIso15693AsTag(csn_data, sizeof(csn_data));
232 memcpy(resp_csn, ToSend, ToSendMax);
233 resp_csn_len = ToSendMax;
234
235 // Configuration (block 1)
236 CodeIso15693AsTag(conf_block, sizeof(conf_block));
237 memcpy(resp_conf, ToSend, ToSendMax);
238 resp_conf_len = ToSendMax;
239
240 // e-Purse (block 2)
241 CodeIso15693AsTag(card_challenge_data, sizeof(card_challenge_data));
242 memcpy(resp_cc, ToSend, ToSendMax);
243 resp_cc_len = ToSendMax;
244
245 // Kd, Kc (blocks 3 and 4)
246 CodeIso15693AsTag(ff_data, sizeof(ff_data));
247 memcpy(resp_ff, ToSend, ToSendMax);
248 resp_ff_len = ToSendMax;
249
250 // Application Issuer Area (block 5)
251 CodeIso15693AsTag(aia_data, sizeof(aia_data));
252 memcpy(resp_aia, ToSend, ToSendMax);
253 resp_aia_len = ToSendMax;
254
255 //This is used for responding to READ-block commands or other data which is dynamically generated
256 uint8_t *data_generic_trace = BigBuf_malloc(32 + 2); // 32 bytes data + 2byte CRC is max tag answer
257 uint8_t *data_response = BigBuf_malloc( (32 + 2) * 2 + 2);
258
259 bool buttonPressed = false;
260 enum { IDLE, ACTIVATED, SELECTED, HALTED } chip_state = IDLE;
261
262 while (!exitLoop) {
263 WDT_HIT();
264
265 uint32_t reader_eof_time = 0;
266 len = GetIso15693CommandFromReader(receivedCmd, MAX_FRAME_SIZE, &reader_eof_time);
267 if (len < 0) {
268 buttonPressed = true;
269 break;
270 }
271
272 // Now look at the reader command and provide appropriate responses
273 // default is no response:
274 modulated_response = NULL;
275 modulated_response_size = 0;
276 trace_data = NULL;
277 trace_data_size = 0;
278
279 if (receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_ACTALL && len == 1) {
280 // Reader in anticollision phase
281 if (chip_state != HALTED) {
282 modulated_response = resp_sof;
283 modulated_response_size = resp_sof_Len;
284 chip_state = ACTIVATED;
285 }
286
287 } else if (receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_READ_OR_IDENTIFY && len == 1) { // identify
288 // Reader asks for anticollision CSN
289 if (chip_state == SELECTED || chip_state == ACTIVATED) {
290 modulated_response = resp_anticoll;
291 modulated_response_size = resp_anticoll_len;
292 trace_data = anticoll_data;
293 trace_data_size = sizeof(anticoll_data);
294 }
295
296 } else if (receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_SELECT && len == 9) {
297 // Reader selects anticollision CSN.
298 // Tag sends the corresponding real CSN
299 if (chip_state == ACTIVATED || chip_state == SELECTED) {
300 if (!memcmp(receivedCmd+1, anticoll_data, 8)) {
301 modulated_response = resp_csn;
302 modulated_response_size = resp_csn_len;
303 trace_data = csn_data;
304 trace_data_size = sizeof(csn_data);
305 chip_state = SELECTED;
306 } else {
307 chip_state = IDLE;
308 }
309 } else if (chip_state == HALTED) {
310 // RESELECT with CSN
311 if (!memcmp(receivedCmd+1, csn_data, 8)) {
312 modulated_response = resp_csn;
313 modulated_response_size = resp_csn_len;
314 trace_data = csn_data;
315 trace_data_size = sizeof(csn_data);
316 chip_state = SELECTED;
317 }
318 }
319
320 } else if (receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_READ_OR_IDENTIFY && len == 4) { // read block
321 uint16_t blockNo = receivedCmd[1];
322 if (chip_state == SELECTED) {
323 if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_EXIT_AFTER_MAC) {
324 // provide defaults for blocks 0 ... 5
325 switch (blockNo) {
326 case 0: // csn (block 00)
327 modulated_response = resp_csn;
328 modulated_response_size = resp_csn_len;
329 trace_data = csn_data;
330 trace_data_size = sizeof(csn_data);
331 break;
332 case 1: // configuration (block 01)
333 modulated_response = resp_conf;
334 modulated_response_size = resp_conf_len;
335 trace_data = conf_block;
336 trace_data_size = sizeof(conf_block);
337 break;
338 case 2: // e-purse (block 02)
339 modulated_response = resp_cc;
340 modulated_response_size = resp_cc_len;
341 trace_data = card_challenge_data;
342 trace_data_size = sizeof(card_challenge_data);
343 // set epurse of sim2,4 attack
344 if (reader_mac_buf != NULL) {
345 memcpy(reader_mac_buf, card_challenge_data, 8);
346 }
347 break;
348 case 3:
349 case 4: // Kd, Kc, always respond with 0xff bytes
350 modulated_response = resp_ff;
351 modulated_response_size = resp_ff_len;
352 trace_data = ff_data;
353 trace_data_size = sizeof(ff_data);
354 break;
355 case 5: // Application Issuer Area (block 05)
356 modulated_response = resp_aia;
357 modulated_response_size = resp_aia_len;
358 trace_data = aia_data;
359 trace_data_size = sizeof(aia_data);
360 break;
361 // default: don't respond
362 }
363 } else if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL) {
364 if (blockNo == 3 || blockNo == 4) { // Kd, Kc, always respond with 0xff bytes
365 modulated_response = resp_ff;
366 modulated_response_size = resp_ff_len;
367 trace_data = ff_data;
368 trace_data_size = sizeof(ff_data);
369 } else { // use data from emulator memory
370 memcpy(data_generic_trace, emulator + current_page*page_size + 8*blockNo, 8);
371 AppendCrc(data_generic_trace, 8);
372 trace_data = data_generic_trace;
373 trace_data_size = 10;
374 CodeIso15693AsTag(trace_data, trace_data_size);
375 memcpy(data_response, ToSend, ToSendMax);
376 modulated_response = data_response;
377 modulated_response_size = ToSendMax;
378 }
379 }
380 }
381
382 } else if ((receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_READCHECK_KD
383 || receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_READCHECK_KC) && receivedCmd[1] == 0x02 && len == 2) {
384 // Read e-purse (88 02 || 18 02)
385 if (chip_state == SELECTED) {
386 if(receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_READCHECK_KD){
387 cipher_state = &cipher_state_KD[current_page];
388 diversified_key = diversified_key_d;
389 } else {
390 cipher_state = &cipher_state_KC[current_page];
391 diversified_key = diversified_key_c;
392 }
393 modulated_response = resp_cc;
394 modulated_response_size = resp_cc_len;
395 trace_data = card_challenge_data;
396 trace_data_size = sizeof(card_challenge_data);
397 }
398
399 } else if ((receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_CHECK_KC
400 || receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_CHECK_KD) && len == 9) {
401 // Reader random and reader MAC!!!
402 if (chip_state == SELECTED) {
403 if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL) {
404 //NR, from reader, is in receivedCmd+1
405 opt_doTagMAC_2(*cipher_state, receivedCmd+1, data_generic_trace, diversified_key);
406 trace_data = data_generic_trace;
407 trace_data_size = 4;
408 CodeIso15693AsTag(trace_data, trace_data_size);
409 memcpy(data_response, ToSend, ToSendMax);
410 modulated_response = data_response;
411 modulated_response_size = ToSendMax;
412 //exitLoop = true;
413 } else { // Not fullsim, we don't respond
414 // We do not know what to answer, so lets keep quiet
415 if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_EXIT_AFTER_MAC) {
416 if (reader_mac_buf != NULL) {
417 // save NR and MAC for sim 2,4
418 memcpy(reader_mac_buf + 8, receivedCmd + 1, 8);
419 }
420 exitLoop = true;
421 }
422 }
423 }
424
425 } else if (receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_HALT && len == 1) {
426 if (chip_state == SELECTED) {
427 // Reader ends the session
428 modulated_response = resp_sof;
429 modulated_response_size = resp_sof_Len;
430 chip_state = HALTED;
431 }
432
433 } else if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL && receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_READ4 && len == 4) { // 0x06
434 //Read 4 blocks
435 if (chip_state == SELECTED) {
436 uint8_t blockNo = receivedCmd[1];
437 memcpy(data_generic_trace, emulator + current_page*page_size + blockNo*8, 8 * 4);
438 AppendCrc(data_generic_trace, 8 * 4);
439 trace_data = data_generic_trace;
440 trace_data_size = 8 * 4 + 2;
441 CodeIso15693AsTag(trace_data, trace_data_size);
442 memcpy(data_response, ToSend, ToSendMax);
443 modulated_response = data_response;
444 modulated_response_size = ToSendMax;
445 }
446
447 } else if (receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_UPDATE && (len == 12 || len == 14)) {
448 // We're expected to respond with the data+crc, exactly what's already in the receivedCmd
449 // receivedCmd is now UPDATE 1b | ADDRESS 1b | DATA 8b | Signature 4b or CRC 2b
450 if (chip_state == SELECTED) {
451 uint8_t blockNo = receivedCmd[1];
452 if (blockNo == 2) { // update e-purse
453 memcpy(card_challenge_data, receivedCmd+2, 8);
454 CodeIso15693AsTag(card_challenge_data, sizeof(card_challenge_data));
455 memcpy(resp_cc, ToSend, ToSendMax);
456 resp_cc_len = ToSendMax;
457 cipher_state_KD[current_page] = opt_doTagMAC_1(card_challenge_data, diversified_key_d);
458 cipher_state_KC[current_page] = opt_doTagMAC_1(card_challenge_data, diversified_key_c);
459 if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL) {
460 memcpy(emulator + current_page*page_size + 8*2, card_challenge_data, 8);
461 }
462 } else if (blockNo == 3) { // update Kd
463 for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
464 if (personalization_mode) {
465 diversified_key_d[i] = receivedCmd[2 + i];
466 } else {
467 diversified_key_d[i] ^= receivedCmd[2 + i];
468 }
469 }
470 cipher_state_KD[current_page] = opt_doTagMAC_1(card_challenge_data, diversified_key_d);
471 if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL) {
472 memcpy(emulator + current_page*page_size + 8*3, diversified_key_d, 8);
473 }
474 } else if (blockNo == 4) { // update Kc
475 for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
476 if (personalization_mode) {
477 diversified_key_c[i] = receivedCmd[2 + i];
478 } else {
479 diversified_key_c[i] ^= receivedCmd[2 + i];
480 }
481 }
482 cipher_state_KC[current_page] = opt_doTagMAC_1(card_challenge_data, diversified_key_c);
483 if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL) {
484 memcpy(emulator + current_page*page_size + 8*4, diversified_key_c, 8);
485 }
486 } else if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL) { // update any other data block
487 memcpy(emulator + current_page*page_size + 8*blockNo, receivedCmd+2, 8);
488 }
489 memcpy(data_generic_trace, receivedCmd + 2, 8);
490 AppendCrc(data_generic_trace, 8);
491 trace_data = data_generic_trace;
492 trace_data_size = 10;
493 CodeIso15693AsTag(trace_data, trace_data_size);
494 memcpy(data_response, ToSend, ToSendMax);
495 modulated_response = data_response;
496 modulated_response_size = ToSendMax;
497 }
498
499 } else if (receivedCmd[0] == ICLASS_CMD_PAGESEL && len == 4) {
500 // Pagesel
501 // Chips with a single page will not answer to this command
502 // Otherwise, we should answer 8bytes (conf block 1) + 2bytes CRC
503 if (chip_state == SELECTED) {
504 if (simulationMode == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL && max_page > 0) {
505 current_page = receivedCmd[1];
506 memcpy(data_generic_trace, emulator + current_page*page_size + 8*1, 8);
507 memcpy(diversified_key_d, emulator + current_page*page_size + 8*3, 8);
508 memcpy(diversified_key_c, emulator + current_page*page_size + 8*4, 8);
509 cipher_state = &cipher_state_KD[current_page];
510 personalization_mode = data_generic_trace[7] & 0x80;
511 AppendCrc(data_generic_trace, 8);
512 trace_data = data_generic_trace;
513 trace_data_size = 10;
514 CodeIso15693AsTag(trace_data, trace_data_size);
515 memcpy(data_response, ToSend, ToSendMax);
516 modulated_response = data_response;
517 modulated_response_size = ToSendMax;
518 }
519 }
520
521 } else if (receivedCmd[0] == 0x26 && len == 5) {
522 // standard ISO15693 INVENTORY command. Ignore.
523
524 } else {
525 // don't know how to handle this command
526 char debug_message[250]; // should be enough
527 sprintf(debug_message, "Unhandled command (len = %d) received from reader:", len);
528 for (int i = 0; i < len && strlen(debug_message) < sizeof(debug_message) - 3 - 1; i++) {
529 sprintf(debug_message + strlen(debug_message), " %02x", receivedCmd[i]);
530 }
531 Dbprintf("%s", debug_message);
532 // Do not respond
533 }
534
535 /**
536 A legit tag has about 273,4us delay between reader EOT and tag SOF.
537 **/
538 if (modulated_response_size > 0) {
539 uint32_t response_time = reader_eof_time + DELAY_ICLASS_VCD_TO_VICC_SIM;
540 TransmitTo15693Reader(modulated_response, modulated_response_size, &response_time, 0, false);
541 LogTrace_ISO15693(trace_data, trace_data_size, response_time*32, response_time*32 + modulated_response_size/2, NULL, false);
542 }
543
544 }
545
546 if (buttonPressed)
547 {
548 DbpString("Button pressed");
549 }
550 return buttonPressed;
551 }
552
553 /**
554 * @brief SimulateIClass simulates an iClass card.
555 * @param arg0 type of simulation
556 * - 0 uses the first 8 bytes in usb data as CSN
557 * - 2 "dismantling iclass"-attack. This mode iterates through all CSN's specified
558 * in the usb data. This mode collects MAC from the reader, in order to do an offline
559 * attack on the keys. For more info, see "dismantling iclass" and proxclone.com.
560 * - Other : Uses the default CSN (031fec8af7ff12e0)
561 * @param arg1 - number of CSN's contained in datain (applicable for mode 2 only)
562 * @param arg2
563 * @param datain
564 */
565 void SimulateIClass(uint32_t arg0, uint32_t arg1, uint32_t arg2, uint8_t *datain) {
566
567 LED_A_ON();
568
569 uint32_t simType = arg0;
570 uint32_t numberOfCSNS = arg1;
571
572 // setup hardware for simulation:
573 FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
574 SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
575 FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR | FPGA_HF_SIMULATOR_NO_MODULATION);
576 LED_D_OFF();
577 FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_SIMULATOR);
578 StartCountSspClk();
579
580 // Enable and clear the trace
581 set_tracing(true);
582 clear_trace();
583 //Use the emulator memory for SIM
584 uint8_t *emulator = BigBuf_get_EM_addr();
585
586 if (simType == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_CSN) {
587 // Use the CSN from commandline
588 memcpy(emulator, datain, 8);
589 doIClassSimulation(ICLASS_SIM_MODE_CSN, NULL);
590 } else if (simType == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_CSN_DEFAULT) {
591 //Default CSN
592 uint8_t csn_crc[] = { 0x03, 0x1f, 0xec, 0x8a, 0xf7, 0xff, 0x12, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00 };
593 // Use the CSN from commandline
594 memcpy(emulator, csn_crc, 8);
595 doIClassSimulation(ICLASS_SIM_MODE_CSN, NULL);
596 } else if (simType == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_READER_ATTACK) {
597 uint8_t mac_responses[USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE] = { 0 };
598 Dbprintf("Going into attack mode, %d CSNS sent", numberOfCSNS);
599 // In this mode, a number of csns are within datain. We'll simulate each one, one at a time
600 // in order to collect MAC's from the reader. This can later be used in an offline-attack
601 // in order to obtain the keys, as in the "dismantling iclass"-paper.
602 int i;
603 for (i = 0; i < numberOfCSNS && i*16+16 <= USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE; i++) {
604 // The usb data is 512 bytes, fitting 32 responses (8 byte CC + 4 Byte NR + 4 Byte MAC = 16 Byte response).
605 memcpy(emulator, datain+(i*8), 8);
606 if (doIClassSimulation(ICLASS_SIM_MODE_EXIT_AFTER_MAC, mac_responses+i*16)) {
607 // Button pressed
608 break;
609 }
610 Dbprintf("CSN: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",
611 datain[i*8+0], datain[i*8+1], datain[i*8+2], datain[i*8+3],
612 datain[i*8+4], datain[i*8+5], datain[i*8+6], datain[i*8+7]);
613 Dbprintf("NR,MAC: %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",
614 mac_responses[i*16+ 8], mac_responses[i*16+ 9], mac_responses[i*16+10], mac_responses[i*16+11],
615 mac_responses[i*16+12], mac_responses[i*16+13], mac_responses[i*16+14], mac_responses[i*16+15]);
616 SpinDelay(100); // give the reader some time to prepare for next CSN
617 }
618 cmd_send(CMD_ACK, CMD_SIMULATE_TAG_ICLASS, i, 0, mac_responses, i*16);
619 } else if (simType == ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL) {
620 //This is 'full sim' mode, where we use the emulator storage for data.
621 doIClassSimulation(ICLASS_SIM_MODE_FULL, NULL);
622 } else {
623 // We may want a mode here where we hardcode the csns to use (from proxclone).
624 // That will speed things up a little, but not required just yet.
625 Dbprintf("The mode is not implemented, reserved for future use");
626 }
627
628 Dbprintf("Done...");
629
630 LED_A_OFF();
631 }
632
633
634 /// THE READER CODE
635
636 static void ReaderTransmitIClass(uint8_t *frame, int len, uint32_t *start_time) {
637
638 CodeIso15693AsReader(frame, len);
639
640 TransmitTo15693Tag(ToSend, ToSendMax, start_time);
641
642 uint32_t end_time = *start_time + 32*(8*ToSendMax-4); // substract the 4 padding bits after EOF
643 LogTrace_ISO15693(frame, len, *start_time*4, end_time*4, NULL, true);
644 }
645
646
647 static bool sendCmdGetResponseWithRetries(uint8_t* command, size_t cmdsize, uint8_t* resp, size_t max_resp_size,
648 uint8_t expected_size, uint8_t tries, uint32_t start_time, uint32_t timeout, uint32_t *eof_time) {
649 while (tries-- > 0) {
650 ReaderTransmitIClass(command, cmdsize, &start_time);
651 if (expected_size == GetIso15693AnswerFromTag(resp, max_resp_size, timeout, eof_time)) {
652 return true;
653 }
654 }
655 return false;//Error
656 }
657
658
659 /**
660 * @brief Selects an iclass tag
661 * @param card_data where the CSN is stored for return
662 * @return false = fail
663 * true = success
664 */
665 static bool selectIclassTag(uint8_t *card_data, uint32_t *eof_time) {
666 uint8_t act_all[] = { 0x0a };
667 uint8_t identify[] = { 0x0c };
668 uint8_t select[] = { 0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
669
670 uint8_t resp[ICLASS_BUFFER_SIZE];
671
672 uint32_t start_time = GetCountSspClk();
673
674 // Send act_all
675 ReaderTransmitIClass(act_all, 1, &start_time);
676 // Card present?
677 if (GetIso15693AnswerFromTag(resp, sizeof(resp), ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_ACTALL, eof_time) < 0) return false;//Fail
678
679 //Send Identify
680 start_time = *eof_time + DELAY_ICLASS_VICC_TO_VCD_READER;
681 ReaderTransmitIClass(identify, 1, &start_time);
682 //We expect a 10-byte response here, 8 byte anticollision-CSN and 2 byte CRC
683 uint8_t len = GetIso15693AnswerFromTag(resp, sizeof(resp), ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_OTHERS, eof_time);
684 if (len != 10) return false;//Fail
685
686 //Copy the Anti-collision CSN to our select-packet
687 memcpy(&select[1], resp, 8);
688 //Select the card
689 start_time = *eof_time + DELAY_ICLASS_VICC_TO_VCD_READER;
690 ReaderTransmitIClass(select, sizeof(select), &start_time);
691 //We expect a 10-byte response here, 8 byte CSN and 2 byte CRC
692 len = GetIso15693AnswerFromTag(resp, sizeof(resp), ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_OTHERS, eof_time);
693 if (len != 10) return false;//Fail
694
695 //Success - we got CSN
696 //Save CSN in response data
697 memcpy(card_data, resp, 8);
698
699 return true;
700 }
701
702
703 // Select an iClass tag and read all blocks which are always readable without authentication
704 void ReaderIClass(uint8_t flags) {
705
706 LED_A_ON();
707
708 uint8_t card_data[6 * 8] = {0};
709 memset(card_data, 0xFF, sizeof(card_data));
710 uint8_t resp[ICLASS_BUFFER_SIZE];
711 //Read conf block CRC(0x01) => 0xfa 0x22
712 uint8_t readConf[] = {ICLASS_CMD_READ_OR_IDENTIFY, 0x01, 0xfa, 0x22};
713 //Read e-purse block CRC(0x02) => 0x61 0x10
714 uint8_t readEpurse[] = {ICLASS_CMD_READ_OR_IDENTIFY, 0x02, 0x61, 0x10};
715 //Read App Issuer Area block CRC(0x05) => 0xde 0x64
716 uint8_t readAA[] = {ICLASS_CMD_READ_OR_IDENTIFY, 0x05, 0xde, 0x64};
717
718 uint8_t result_status = 0;
719
720 if (flags & FLAG_ICLASS_READER_INIT) {
721 Iso15693InitReader();
722 }
723
724 if (flags & FLAG_ICLASS_READER_CLEARTRACE) {
725 set_tracing(true);
726 clear_trace();
727 StartCountSspClk();
728 }
729
730 uint32_t start_time = 0;
731 uint32_t eof_time = 0;
732
733 if (selectIclassTag(resp, &eof_time)) {
734 result_status = FLAG_ICLASS_READER_CSN;
735 memcpy(card_data, resp, 8);
736 }
737
738 start_time = eof_time + DELAY_ICLASS_VICC_TO_VCD_READER;
739
740 //Read block 1, config
741 if (flags & FLAG_ICLASS_READER_CONF) {
742 if (sendCmdGetResponseWithRetries(readConf, sizeof(readConf), resp, sizeof(resp), 10, 10, start_time, ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_OTHERS, &eof_time)) {
743 result_status |= FLAG_ICLASS_READER_CONF;
744 memcpy(card_data+8, resp, 8);
745 } else {
746 Dbprintf("Failed to read config block");
747 }
748 start_time = eof_time + DELAY_ICLASS_VICC_TO_VCD_READER;
749 }
750
751 //Read block 2, e-purse
752 if (flags & FLAG_ICLASS_READER_CC) {
753 if (sendCmdGetResponseWithRetries(readEpurse, sizeof(readEpurse), resp, sizeof(resp), 10, 10, start_time, ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_OTHERS, &eof_time)) {
754 result_status |= FLAG_ICLASS_READER_CC;
755 memcpy(card_data + (8*2), resp, 8);
756 } else {
757 Dbprintf("Failed to read e-purse");
758 }
759 start_time = eof_time + DELAY_ICLASS_VICC_TO_VCD_READER;
760 }
761
762 //Read block 5, AA
763 if (flags & FLAG_ICLASS_READER_AA) {
764 if (sendCmdGetResponseWithRetries(readAA, sizeof(readAA), resp, sizeof(resp), 10, 10, start_time, ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_OTHERS, &eof_time)) {
765 result_status |= FLAG_ICLASS_READER_AA;
766 memcpy(card_data + (8*5), resp, 8);
767 } else {
768 Dbprintf("Failed to read AA block");
769 }
770 }
771
772 cmd_send(CMD_ACK, result_status, 0, 0, card_data, sizeof(card_data));
773
774 LED_A_OFF();
775 }
776
777
778 void iClass_Check(uint8_t *NRMAC) {
779 uint8_t check[9] = {ICLASS_CMD_CHECK_KD, 0x00};
780 uint8_t resp[4];
781 memcpy(check+1, NRMAC, 8);
782 uint32_t eof_time;
783 bool isOK = sendCmdGetResponseWithRetries(check, sizeof(check), resp, sizeof(resp), 4, 3, 0, ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_OTHERS, &eof_time);
784 cmd_send(CMD_ACK, isOK, 0, 0, resp, sizeof(resp));
785 }
786
787
788 void iClass_Readcheck(uint8_t block, bool use_credit_key) {
789 uint8_t readcheck[2] = {ICLASS_CMD_READCHECK_KD, block};
790 if (use_credit_key) {
791 readcheck[0] = ICLASS_CMD_READCHECK_KC;
792 }
793 uint8_t resp[8];
794 uint32_t eof_time;
795 bool isOK = sendCmdGetResponseWithRetries(readcheck, sizeof(readcheck), resp, sizeof(resp), 8, 3, 0, ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_OTHERS, &eof_time);
796 cmd_send(CMD_ACK, isOK, 0, 0, resp, sizeof(resp));
797 }
798
799
800 static bool iClass_ReadBlock(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *readdata) {
801 uint8_t readcmd[] = {ICLASS_CMD_READ_OR_IDENTIFY, blockNo, 0x00, 0x00}; //0x88, 0x00 // can i use 0C?
802 uint8_t bl = blockNo;
803 uint16_t rdCrc = iclass_crc16(&bl, 1);
804 readcmd[2] = rdCrc >> 8;
805 readcmd[3] = rdCrc & 0xff;
806 uint8_t resp[10];
807 uint32_t eof_time;
808
809 bool isOK = sendCmdGetResponseWithRetries(readcmd, sizeof(readcmd), resp, sizeof(resp), 10, 10, 0, ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_OTHERS, &eof_time);
810 memcpy(readdata, resp, sizeof(resp));
811
812 return isOK;
813 }
814
815
816 void iClass_ReadBlk(uint8_t blockno) {
817
818 LED_A_ON();
819
820 uint8_t readblockdata[10];
821 bool isOK = iClass_ReadBlock(blockno, readblockdata);
822 cmd_send(CMD_ACK, isOK, 0, 0, readblockdata, 8);
823 FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
824 LED_D_OFF();
825
826 LED_A_OFF();
827 }
828
829
830 void iClass_Dump(uint8_t startblock, uint8_t numblks) {
831
832 LED_A_ON();
833
834 uint8_t readblockdata[USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE+2] = {0};
835 bool isOK = false;
836 uint16_t blkCnt = 0;
837
838 if (numblks > USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE / 8) {
839 numblks = USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE / 8;
840 }
841
842 for (blkCnt = 0; blkCnt < numblks; blkCnt++) {
843 isOK = iClass_ReadBlock(startblock+blkCnt, readblockdata+8*blkCnt);
844 if (!isOK) {
845 Dbprintf("Block %02X failed to read", startblock+blkCnt);
846 break;
847 }
848 }
849
850 FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
851 LED_D_OFF();
852
853 cmd_send(CMD_ACK, isOK, blkCnt, 0, readblockdata, blkCnt*8);
854
855 LED_A_OFF();
856 }
857
858
859 static bool iClass_WriteBlock_ext(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *data) {
860
861 uint8_t write[16] = {ICLASS_CMD_UPDATE, blockNo};
862 memcpy(write+2, data, 12); // data + mac
863 AppendCrc(write+1, 13);
864 uint8_t resp[10];
865 bool isOK = false;
866 uint32_t eof_time = 0;
867
868 isOK = sendCmdGetResponseWithRetries(write, sizeof(write), resp, sizeof(resp), 10, 3, 0, ICLASS_READER_TIMEOUT_UPDATE, &eof_time);
869 if (!isOK) {
870 return false;
871 }
872
873 uint8_t all_ff[8] = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
874 if (blockNo == 2) {
875 if (memcmp(data+4, resp, 4) || memcmp(data, resp+4, 4)) { // check response. e-purse update swaps first and second half
876 return false;
877 }
878 } else if (blockNo == 3 || blockNo == 4) {
879 if (memcmp(all_ff, resp, 8)) { // check response. Key updates always return 0xffffffffffffffff
880 return false;
881 }
882 } else {
883 if (memcmp(data, resp, 8)) { // check response. All other updates return unchanged data
884 return false;
885 }
886 }
887
888 return true;
889 }
890
891
892 void iClass_WriteBlock(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *data) {
893
894 LED_A_ON();
895
896 bool isOK = iClass_WriteBlock_ext(blockNo, data);
897 if (isOK) {
898 Dbprintf("Write block [%02x] successful", blockNo);
899 } else {
900 Dbprintf("Write block [%02x] failed", blockNo);
901 }
902 cmd_send(CMD_ACK, isOK, 0, 0, 0, 0);
903
904 FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
905 LED_D_OFF();
906
907 LED_A_OFF();
908 }
909
910
911 void iClass_Clone(uint8_t startblock, uint8_t endblock, uint8_t *data) {
912
913 LED_A_ON();
914
915 int written = 0;
916 int total_blocks = (endblock - startblock) + 1;
917
918 for (uint8_t block = startblock; block <= endblock; block++) {
919 // block number
920 if (iClass_WriteBlock_ext(block, data + (block-startblock)*12)) {
921 Dbprintf("Write block [%02x] successful", block);
922 written++;
923 } else {
924 Dbprintf("Write block [%02x] failed", block);
925 }
926 }
927
928 if (written == total_blocks)
929 Dbprintf("Clone complete");
930 else
931 Dbprintf("Clone incomplete");
932
933 FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
934 LED_D_OFF();
935
936 cmd_send(CMD_ACK, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
937
938 LED_A_OFF();
939 }
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