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1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 // Copyright (C) 2010 iZsh <izsh at fail0verflow.com>
3 //
4 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
5 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
6 // the license.
7 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 // Low frequency EM4x commands
9 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
10
11 #include <stdio.h>
12 #include <string.h>
13 #include <inttypes.h>
14 #include "proxmark3.h"
15 #include "ui.h"
16 #include "util.h"
17 #include "graph.h"
18 #include "cmdparser.h"
19 #include "cmddata.h"
20 #include "cmdlf.h"
21 #include "cmdlfem4x.h"
22 #include "lfdemod.h"
23
24 #define llx PRIx64
25
26 char *global_em410xId;
27
28 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd);
29
30 int CmdEMdemodASK(const char *Cmd)
31 {
32 char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
33 int findone = (cmdp == '1') ? 1 : 0;
34 UsbCommand c={CMD_EM410X_DEMOD};
35 c.arg[0]=findone;
36 SendCommand(&c);
37 return 0;
38 }
39
40 /* Read the ID of an EM410x tag.
41 * Format:
42 * 1111 1111 1 <-- standard non-repeatable header
43 * XXXX [row parity bit] <-- 10 rows of 5 bits for our 40 bit tag ID
44 * ....
45 * CCCC <-- each bit here is parity for the 10 bits above in corresponding column
46 * 0 <-- stop bit, end of tag
47 */
48 int CmdEM410xRead(const char *Cmd)
49 {
50 uint32_t hi=0;
51 uint64_t lo=0;
52
53 if(!AskEm410xDemod("", &hi, &lo, false)) return 0;
54 PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: ");
55 printEM410x(hi, lo);
56 if (hi){
57 PrintAndLog ("EM410x XL pattern found");
58 return 0;
59 }
60 char id[12] = {0x00};
61 sprintf(id, "%010llx",lo);
62
63 global_em410xId = id;
64 return 1;
65 }
66
67 // emulate an EM410X tag
68 int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
69 {
70 int i, n, j, binary[4], parity[4];
71
72 char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
73 uint8_t uid[5] = {0x00};
74
75 if (cmdp == 'h' || cmdp == 'H') {
76 PrintAndLog("Usage: lf em4x em410xsim <UID> <clock>");
77 PrintAndLog("");
78 PrintAndLog(" sample: lf em4x em410xsim 0F0368568B");
79 return 0;
80 }
81 /* clock is 64 in EM410x tags */
82 int clock = 64;
83
84 if (param_gethex(Cmd, 0, uid, 10)) {
85 PrintAndLog("UID must include 10 HEX symbols");
86 return 0;
87 }
88 param_getdec(Cmd,1,&clock);
89
90 PrintAndLog("Starting simulating UID %02X%02X%02X%02X%02X clock: %d", uid[0],uid[1],uid[2],uid[3],uid[4],clock);
91 PrintAndLog("Press pm3-button to about simulation");
92
93
94 /* clear our graph */
95 ClearGraph(0);
96
97 /* write 9 start bits */
98 for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
99 AppendGraph(0, clock, 1);
100
101 /* for each hex char */
102 parity[0] = parity[1] = parity[2] = parity[3] = 0;
103 for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
104 {
105 /* read each hex char */
106 sscanf(&Cmd[i], "%1x", &n);
107 for (j = 3; j >= 0; j--, n/= 2)
108 binary[j] = n % 2;
109
110 /* append each bit */
111 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0]);
112 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[1]);
113 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[2]);
114 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[3]);
115
116 /* append parity bit */
117 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0] ^ binary[1] ^ binary[2] ^ binary[3]);
118
119 /* keep track of column parity */
120 parity[0] ^= binary[0];
121 parity[1] ^= binary[1];
122 parity[2] ^= binary[2];
123 parity[3] ^= binary[3];
124 }
125
126 /* parity columns */
127 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[0]);
128 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[1]);
129 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[2]);
130 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[3]);
131
132 /* stop bit */
133 AppendGraph(1, clock, 0);
134
135 CmdLFSim("0"); //240 start_gap.
136 return 0;
137 }
138
139 /* Function is equivalent of lf read + data samples + em410xread
140 * looped until an EM410x tag is detected
141 *
142 * Why is CmdSamples("16000")?
143 * TBD: Auto-grow sample size based on detected sample rate. IE: If the
144 * rate gets lower, then grow the number of samples
145 * Changed by martin, 4000 x 4 = 16000,
146 * see http://www.proxmark.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=7235#p7235
147 */
148 int CmdEM410xWatch(const char *Cmd)
149 {
150 do {
151 if (ukbhit()) {
152 printf("\naborted via keyboard!\n");
153 break;
154 }
155
156 CmdLFRead("s");
157 getSamples("8201",true); //capture enough to get 2 complete preambles (4096*2+9)
158 } while (!CmdEM410xRead(""));
159
160 return 0;
161 }
162
163 //currently only supports manchester modulations
164 int CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof(const char *Cmd)
165 {
166 CmdEM410xWatch(Cmd);
167 PrintAndLog("# Replaying captured ID: %s",global_em410xId);
168 CmdLFaskSim("");
169 return 0;
170 }
171
172 int CmdEM410xWrite(const char *Cmd)
173 {
174 uint64_t id = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF; // invalid id value
175 int card = 0xFF; // invalid card value
176 unsigned int clock = 0; // invalid clock value
177
178 sscanf(Cmd, "%" PRIx64 " %d %d", &id, &card, &clock);
179
180 // Check ID
181 if (id == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) {
182 PrintAndLog("Error! ID is required.\n");
183 return 0;
184 }
185 if (id >= 0x10000000000) {
186 PrintAndLog("Error! Given EM410x ID is longer than 40 bits.\n");
187 return 0;
188 }
189
190 // Check Card
191 if (card == 0xFF) {
192 PrintAndLog("Error! Card type required.\n");
193 return 0;
194 }
195 if (card < 0) {
196 PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
197 return 0;
198 }
199
200 // Check Clock
201 // Default: 64
202 if (clock == 0)
203 clock = 64;
204
205 // Allowed clock rates: 16, 32, 40 and 64
206 if ((clock != 16) && (clock != 32) && (clock != 64) && (clock != 40)) {
207 PrintAndLog("Error! Clock rate %d not valid. Supported clock rates are 16, 32, 40 and 64.\n", clock);
208 return 0;
209 }
210
211 if (card == 1) {
212 PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64 " (clock rate: %d)", "T55x7", id, clock);
213 // NOTE: We really should pass the clock in as a separate argument, but to
214 // provide for backwards-compatibility for older firmware, and to avoid
215 // having to add another argument to CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, we just store
216 // the clock rate in bits 8-15 of the card value
217 card = (card & 0xFF) | ((clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
218 } else if (card == 0) {
219 PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64, "T5555", id, clock);
220 card = (card & 0xFF) | ((clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
221 } else {
222 PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
223 return 0;
224 }
225
226 UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, {card, (uint32_t)(id >> 32), (uint32_t)id}};
227 SendCommand(&c);
228
229 return 0;
230 }
231
232 bool EM_EndParityTest(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, uint8_t rows, uint8_t cols, uint8_t pType)
233 {
234 if (rows*cols>size) return false;
235 uint8_t colP=0;
236 //assume last col is a parity and do not test
237 for (uint8_t colNum = 0; colNum < cols-1; colNum++) {
238 for (uint8_t rowNum = 0; rowNum < rows; rowNum++) {
239 colP ^= BitStream[(rowNum*cols)+colNum];
240 }
241 if (colP != pType) return false;
242 }
243 return true;
244 }
245
246 bool EM_ByteParityTest(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, uint8_t rows, uint8_t cols, uint8_t pType)
247 {
248 if (rows*cols>size) return false;
249 uint8_t rowP=0;
250 //assume last row is a parity row and do not test
251 for (uint8_t rowNum = 0; rowNum < rows-1; rowNum++) {
252 for (uint8_t colNum = 0; colNum < cols; colNum++) {
253 rowP ^= BitStream[(rowNum*cols)+colNum];
254 }
255 if (rowP != pType) return false;
256 }
257 return true;
258 }
259
260 uint32_t OutputEM4x50_Block(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, bool verbose, bool pTest)
261 {
262 if (size<45) return 0;
263 uint32_t code = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream,8);
264 code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+9,8);
265 code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+18,8);
266 code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+27,8);
267 if (verbose || g_debugMode){
268 for (uint8_t i = 0; i<5; i++){
269 if (i == 4) PrintAndLog(""); //parity byte spacer
270 PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d -> 0x%02x",
271 BitStream[i*9],
272 BitStream[i*9+1],
273 BitStream[i*9+2],
274 BitStream[i*9+3],
275 BitStream[i*9+4],
276 BitStream[i*9+5],
277 BitStream[i*9+6],
278 BitStream[i*9+7],
279 BitStream[i*9+8],
280 bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+i*9,8)
281 );
282 }
283 if (pTest)
284 PrintAndLog("Parity Passed");
285 else
286 PrintAndLog("Parity Failed");
287 }
288 return code;
289 }
290 /* Read the transmitted data of an EM4x50 tag
291 * Format:
292 *
293 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
294 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
295 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
296 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
297 * CCCCCCCC <- column parity bits
298 * 0 <- stop bit
299 * LW <- Listen Window
300 *
301 * This pattern repeats for every block of data being transmitted.
302 * Transmission starts with two Listen Windows (LW - a modulated
303 * pattern of 320 cycles each (32/32/128/64/64)).
304 *
305 * Note that this data may or may not be the UID. It is whatever data
306 * is stored in the blocks defined in the control word First and Last
307 * Word Read values. UID is stored in block 32.
308 */
309 //completed by Marshmellow
310 int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
311 {
312 uint8_t fndClk[] = {8,16,32,40,50,64,128};
313 int clk = 0;
314 int invert = 0;
315 int tol = 0;
316 int i, j, startblock, skip, block, start, end, low, high, minClk;
317 bool complete = false;
318 int tmpbuff[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64];
319 uint32_t Code[6];
320 char tmp[6];
321 char tmp2[20];
322 int phaseoff;
323 high = low = 0;
324 memset(tmpbuff, 0, MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64);
325
326 // get user entry if any
327 sscanf(Cmd, "%i %i", &clk, &invert);
328
329 // save GraphBuffer - to restore it later
330 save_restoreGB(1);
331
332 // first get high and low values
333 for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++) {
334 if (GraphBuffer[i] > high)
335 high = GraphBuffer[i];
336 else if (GraphBuffer[i] < low)
337 low = GraphBuffer[i];
338 }
339
340 i = 0;
341 j = 0;
342 minClk = 255;
343 // get to first full low to prime loop and skip incomplete first pulse
344 while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
345 ++i;
346 while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
347 ++i;
348 skip = i;
349
350 // populate tmpbuff buffer with pulse lengths
351 while (i < GraphTraceLen) {
352 // measure from low to low
353 while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
354 ++i;
355 start= i;
356 while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
357 ++i;
358 while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
359 ++i;
360 if (j>=(MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN/64)) {
361 break;
362 }
363 tmpbuff[j++]= i - start;
364 if (i-start < minClk && i < GraphTraceLen) {
365 minClk = i - start;
366 }
367 }
368 // set clock
369 if (!clk) {
370 for (uint8_t clkCnt = 0; clkCnt<7; clkCnt++) {
371 tol = fndClk[clkCnt]/8;
372 if (minClk >= fndClk[clkCnt]-tol && minClk <= fndClk[clkCnt]+1) {
373 clk=fndClk[clkCnt];
374 break;
375 }
376 }
377 if (!clk) return 0;
378 } else tol = clk/8;
379
380 // look for data start - should be 2 pairs of LW (pulses of clk*3,clk*2)
381 start = -1;
382 for (i= 0; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
383 skip += tmpbuff[i];
384 if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
385 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2+tol) //2 clocks
386 if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
387 if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol) //1.5 to 2 clocks - depends on bit following
388 {
389 start= i + 4;
390 break;
391 }
392 }
393 startblock = i + 4;
394
395 // skip over the remainder of LW
396 skip += tmpbuff[i+1] + tmpbuff[i+2] + clk;
397 if (tmpbuff[i+3]>clk)
398 phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+3]-clk;
399 else
400 phaseoff = 0;
401 // now do it again to find the end
402 end = skip;
403 for (i += 3; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
404 end += tmpbuff[i];
405 if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
406 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2+tol) //2 clocks
407 if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
408 if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol) //1.5 to 2 clocks - depends on bit following
409 {
410 complete= true;
411 break;
412 }
413 }
414 end = i;
415 // report back
416 if (verbose || g_debugMode) {
417 if (start >= 0) {
418 PrintAndLog("\nNote: one block = 50 bits (32 data, 12 parity, 6 marker)");
419 } else {
420 PrintAndLog("No data found!, clock tried:%d",clk);
421 PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
422 PrintAndLog(" or after a 'data askedge' command to clean up the read");
423 return 0;
424 }
425 } else if (start < 0) return 0;
426 start = skip;
427 snprintf(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2),"%d %d 1000 %d", clk, invert, clk*47);
428 // get rid of leading crap
429 snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%i", skip);
430 CmdLtrim(tmp);
431 bool pTest;
432 bool AllPTest = true;
433 // now work through remaining buffer printing out data blocks
434 block = 0;
435 i = startblock;
436 while (block < 6) {
437 if (verbose || g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nBlock %i:", block);
438 skip = phaseoff;
439
440 // look for LW before start of next block
441 for ( ; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
442 skip += tmpbuff[i];
443 if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol)
444 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk-tol)
445 break;
446 }
447 if (i >= j-4) break; //next LW not found
448 skip += clk;
449 if (tmpbuff[i+1]>clk)
450 phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+1]-clk;
451 else
452 phaseoff = 0;
453 i += 2;
454 if (ASKDemod(tmp2, false, false, 1) < 1) {
455 save_restoreGB(0);
456 return 0;
457 }
458 //set DemodBufferLen to just one block
459 DemodBufferLen = skip/clk;
460 //test parities
461 pTest = EM_ByteParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);
462 pTest &= EM_EndParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);
463 AllPTest &= pTest;
464 //get output
465 Code[block] = OutputEM4x50_Block(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,verbose, pTest);
466 if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nskipping %d samples, bits:%d", skip, skip/clk);
467 //skip to start of next block
468 snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%i",skip);
469 CmdLtrim(tmp);
470 block++;
471 if (i >= end) break; //in case chip doesn't output 6 blocks
472 }
473 //print full code:
474 if (verbose || g_debugMode || AllPTest){
475 if (!complete) {
476 PrintAndLog("*** Warning!");
477 PrintAndLog("Partial data - no end found!");
478 PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
479 }
480 PrintAndLog("Found data at sample: %i - using clock: %i", start, clk);
481 end = block;
482 for (block=0; block < end; block++){
483 PrintAndLog("Block %d: %08x",block,Code[block]);
484 }
485 if (AllPTest) {
486 PrintAndLog("Parities Passed");
487 } else {
488 PrintAndLog("Parities Failed");
489 PrintAndLog("Try cleaning the read samples with 'data askedge'");
490 }
491 }
492
493 //restore GraphBuffer
494 save_restoreGB(0);
495 return (int)AllPTest;
496 }
497
498 int CmdEM4x50Read(const char *Cmd)
499 {
500 return EM4x50Read(Cmd, true);
501 }
502
503 int CmdReadWord(const char *Cmd)
504 {
505 int Word = -1; //default to invalid word
506 UsbCommand c;
507
508 sscanf(Cmd, "%d", &Word);
509
510 if ( (Word > 15) | (Word < 0) ) {
511 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
512 return 1;
513 }
514
515 PrintAndLog("Reading word %d", Word);
516
517 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
518 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
519 c.arg[0] = 0;
520 c.arg[1] = Word;
521 c.arg[2] = 0;
522 SendCommand(&c);
523 return 0;
524 }
525
526 int CmdReadWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
527 {
528 int Word = -1; //default to invalid word
529 int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
530 UsbCommand c;
531
532 sscanf(Cmd, "%d %x", &Word, &Password);
533
534 if ( (Word > 15) | (Word < 0) ) {
535 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
536 return 1;
537 }
538
539 PrintAndLog("Reading word %d with password %08X", Word, Password);
540
541 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
542 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
543 c.arg[0] = 0;
544 c.arg[1] = Word;
545 c.arg[2] = Password;
546 SendCommand(&c);
547 return 0;
548 }
549
550 int CmdWriteWord(const char *Cmd)
551 {
552 int Word = 16; //default to invalid block
553 int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
554 UsbCommand c;
555
556 sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d", &Data, &Word);
557
558 if (Word > 15) {
559 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
560 return 1;
561 }
562
563 PrintAndLog("Writing word %d with data %08X", Word, Data);
564
565 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
566 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
567 c.arg[0] = Data;
568 c.arg[1] = Word;
569 c.arg[2] = 0;
570 SendCommand(&c);
571 return 0;
572 }
573
574 int CmdWriteWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
575 {
576 int Word = 16; //default to invalid word
577 int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
578 int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
579 UsbCommand c;
580
581 sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d %x", &Data, &Word, &Password);
582
583 if (Word > 15) {
584 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
585 return 1;
586 }
587
588 PrintAndLog("Writing word %d with data %08X and password %08X", Word, Data, Password);
589
590 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
591 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
592 c.arg[0] = Data;
593 c.arg[1] = Word;
594 c.arg[2] = Password;
595 SendCommand(&c);
596 return 0;
597 }
598
599 static command_t CommandTable[] =
600 {
601 {"help", CmdHelp, 1, "This help"},
602 {"em410xdemod", CmdEMdemodASK, 0, "[findone] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag (option 0 for continuous loop, 1 for only 1 tag)"},
603 {"em410xread", CmdEM410xRead, 1, "[clock rate] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag in GraphBuffer"},
604 {"em410xsim", CmdEM410xSim, 0, "<UID> -- Simulate EM410x tag"},
605 {"em410xwatch", CmdEM410xWatch, 0, "['h'] -- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags (option 'h' for 134)"},
606 {"em410xspoof", CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof, 0, "['h'] --- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags, and replays them. (option 'h' for 134)" },
607 {"em410xwrite", CmdEM410xWrite, 0, "<UID> <'0' T5555> <'1' T55x7> [clock rate] -- Write EM410x UID to T5555(Q5) or T55x7 tag, optionally setting clock rate"},
608 {"em4x50read", CmdEM4x50Read, 1, "Extract data from EM4x50 tag"},
609 {"readword", CmdReadWord, 1, "<Word> -- Read EM4xxx word data"},
610 {"readwordPWD", CmdReadWordPWD, 1, "<Word> <Password> -- Read EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
611 {"writeword", CmdWriteWord, 1, "<Data> <Word> -- Write EM4xxx word data"},
612 {"writewordPWD", CmdWriteWordPWD, 1, "<Data> <Word> <Password> -- Write EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
613 {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
614 };
615
616 int CmdLFEM4X(const char *Cmd)
617 {
618 CmdsParse(CommandTable, Cmd);
619 return 0;
620 }
621
622 int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd)
623 {
624 CmdsHelp(CommandTable);
625 return 0;
626 }
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