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1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 //
3 // Jonathan Westhues, April 2006
4 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
6 module hi_reader(
7 ck_1356meg,
8 pwr_lo, pwr_hi, pwr_oe1, pwr_oe2, pwr_oe3, pwr_oe4,
9 adc_d, adc_clk,
10 ssp_frame, ssp_din, ssp_dout, ssp_clk,
11 dbg,
12 subcarrier_frequency, minor_mode
13 );
14 input ck_1356meg;
15 output pwr_lo, pwr_hi, pwr_oe1, pwr_oe2, pwr_oe3, pwr_oe4;
16 input [7:0] adc_d;
17 output adc_clk;
18 input ssp_dout;
19 output ssp_frame, ssp_din, ssp_clk;
20 output dbg;
21 input [1:0] subcarrier_frequency;
22 input [2:0] minor_mode;
23
24 assign adc_clk = ck_1356meg; // sample frequency is 13,56 MHz
25
26 // When we're a reader, we just need to do the BPSK demod; but when we're an
27 // eavesdropper, we also need to pick out the commands sent by the reader,
28 // using AM. Do this the same way that we do it for the simulated tag.
29 reg after_hysteresis, after_hysteresis_prev, after_hysteresis_prev_prev;
30 reg [11:0] has_been_low_for;
31 always @(negedge adc_clk)
32 begin
33 if(& adc_d[7:0]) after_hysteresis <= 1'b1;
34 else if(~(| adc_d[7:0])) after_hysteresis <= 1'b0;
35
36 if(after_hysteresis)
37 begin
38 has_been_low_for <= 7'b0;
39 end
40 else
41 begin
42 if(has_been_low_for == 12'd4095)
43 begin
44 has_been_low_for <= 12'd0;
45 after_hysteresis <= 1'b1;
46 end
47 else
48 has_been_low_for <= has_been_low_for + 1;
49 end
50 end
51
52
53 // Let us report a correlation every 64 samples. I.e.
54 // one Q/I pair after 4 subcarrier cycles for the 848kHz subcarrier,
55 // one Q/I pair after 2 subcarrier cycles for the 424kHz subcarriers,
56 // one Q/I pair for each subcarrier cyle for the 212kHz subcarrier.
57 // We need a 6-bit counter for the timing.
58 reg [5:0] corr_i_cnt;
59 always @(negedge adc_clk)
60 begin
61 corr_i_cnt <= corr_i_cnt + 1;
62 end
63
64
65 // A couple of registers in which to accumulate the correlations. From the 64 samples
66 // we would add at most 32 times the difference between unmodulated and modulated signal. It should
67 // be safe to assume that a tag will not be able to modulate the carrier signal by more than 25%.
68 // 32 * 255 * 0,25 = 2040, which can be held in 11 bits. Add 1 bit for sign.
69 // Temporary we might need more bits. For the 212kHz subcarrier we could possible add 32 times the
70 // maximum signal value before a first subtraction would occur. 32 * 255 = 8160 can be held in 13 bits.
71 // Add one bit for sign -> need 14 bit registers but final result will fit into 12 bits.
72 reg signed [13:0] corr_i_accum;
73 reg signed [13:0] corr_q_accum;
74 // we will report maximum 8 significant bits
75 reg signed [7:0] corr_i_out;
76 reg signed [7:0] corr_q_out;
77
78
79 // the amplitude of the subcarrier is sqrt(ci^2 + cq^2).
80 // approximate by amplitude = max(|ci|,|cq|) + 1/2*min(|ci|,|cq|)
81 reg [13:0] corr_amplitude, abs_ci, abs_cq, max_ci_cq;
82 reg [12:0] min_ci_cq_2; // min_ci_cq / 2
83
84 always @(*)
85 begin
86 if (corr_i_accum[13] == 1'b0)
87 abs_ci <= corr_i_accum;
88 else
89 abs_ci <= -corr_i_accum;
90
91 if (corr_q_accum[13] == 1'b0)
92 abs_cq <= corr_q_accum;
93 else
94 abs_cq <= -corr_q_accum;
95
96 if (abs_ci > abs_cq)
97 begin
98 max_ci_cq <= abs_ci;
99 min_ci_cq_2 <= abs_cq / 2;
100 end
101 else
102 begin
103 max_ci_cq <= abs_cq;
104 min_ci_cq_2 <= abs_ci / 2;
105 end
106
107 corr_amplitude <= max_ci_cq + min_ci_cq_2;
108
109 end
110
111
112 // The subcarrier reference signals
113 reg subcarrier_I;
114 reg subcarrier_Q;
115
116 always @(*)
117 begin
118 if (subcarrier_frequency == `FPGA_HF_READER_SUBCARRIER_848_KHZ)
119 begin
120 subcarrier_I = ~corr_i_cnt[3];
121 subcarrier_Q = ~(corr_i_cnt[3] ^ corr_i_cnt[2]);
122 end
123 else if (subcarrier_frequency == `FPGA_HF_READER_SUBCARRIER_212_KHZ)
124 begin
125 subcarrier_I = ~corr_i_cnt[5];
126 subcarrier_Q = ~(corr_i_cnt[5] ^ corr_i_cnt[4]);
127 end
128 else
129 begin // 424 kHz
130 subcarrier_I = ~corr_i_cnt[4];
131 subcarrier_Q = ~(corr_i_cnt[4] ^ corr_i_cnt[3]);
132 end
133 end
134
135
136 // ADC data appears on the rising edge, so sample it on the falling edge
137 always @(negedge adc_clk)
138 begin
139 // These are the correlators: we correlate against in-phase and quadrature
140 // versions of our reference signal, and keep the (signed) results or the
141 // resulting amplitude to send out later over the SSP.
142 if(corr_i_cnt == 6'd0)
143 begin
144 if (minor_mode == `FPGA_HF_READER_MODE_SNIFF_AMPLITUDE)
145 begin
146 // send amplitude plus 2 bits reader signal
147 corr_i_out <= corr_amplitude[13:6];
148 corr_q_out <= {corr_amplitude[5:0], after_hysteresis_prev_prev, after_hysteresis_prev};
149 end
150 else if (minor_mode == `FPGA_HF_READER_MODE_SNIFF_IQ)
151 begin
152 // Send 7 most significant bits of in phase tag signal (signed), plus 1 bit reader signal
153 if (corr_i_accum[13:11] == 3'b000 || corr_i_accum[13:11] == 3'b111)
154 corr_i_out <= {corr_i_accum[11:5], after_hysteresis_prev_prev};
155 else // truncate to maximum value
156 if (corr_i_accum[13] == 1'b0)
157 corr_i_out <= {7'b0111111, after_hysteresis_prev_prev};
158 else
159 corr_i_out <= {7'b1000000, after_hysteresis_prev_prev};
160 // Send 7 most significant bits of quadrature phase tag signal (signed), plus 1 bit reader signal
161 if (corr_q_accum[13:11] == 3'b000 || corr_q_accum[13:11] == 3'b111)
162 corr_q_out <= {corr_q_accum[11:5], after_hysteresis_prev};
163 else // truncate to maximum value
164 if (corr_q_accum[13] == 1'b0)
165 corr_q_out <= {7'b0111111, after_hysteresis_prev};
166 else
167 corr_q_out <= {7'b1000000, after_hysteresis_prev};
168 end
169 else if (minor_mode == `FPGA_HF_READER_MODE_RECEIVE_AMPLITUDE)
170 begin
171 // send amplitude
172 corr_i_out <= {2'b00, corr_amplitude[13:8]};
173 corr_q_out <= corr_amplitude[7:0];
174 end
175 else if (minor_mode == `FPGA_HF_READER_MODE_RECEIVE_IQ)
176 begin
177 // Send 8 bits of in phase tag signal
178 if (corr_i_accum[13:11] == 3'b000 || corr_i_accum[13:11] == 3'b111)
179 corr_i_out <= corr_i_accum[11:4];
180 else // truncate to maximum value
181 if (corr_i_accum[13] == 1'b0)
182 corr_i_out <= 8'b01111111;
183 else
184 corr_i_out <= 8'b10000000;
185 // Send 8 bits of quadrature phase tag signal
186 if (corr_q_accum[13:11] == 3'b000 || corr_q_accum[13:11] == 3'b111)
187 corr_q_out <= corr_q_accum[11:4];
188 else // truncate to maximum value
189 if (corr_q_accum[13] == 1'b0)
190 corr_q_out <= 8'b01111111;
191 else
192 corr_q_out <= 8'b10000000;
193 end
194
195 // for each Q/I pair report two reader signal samples when sniffing. Store the 1st.
196 after_hysteresis_prev_prev <= after_hysteresis;
197 // Initialize next correlation.
198 // Both I and Q reference signals are high when corr_i_nct == 0. Therefore need to accumulate.
199 corr_i_accum <= $signed({1'b0,adc_d});
200 corr_q_accum <= $signed({1'b0,adc_d});
201 end
202 else
203 begin
204 if (subcarrier_I)
205 corr_i_accum <= corr_i_accum + $signed({1'b0,adc_d});
206 else
207 corr_i_accum <= corr_i_accum - $signed({1'b0,adc_d});
208
209 if (subcarrier_Q)
210 corr_q_accum <= corr_q_accum + $signed({1'b0,adc_d});
211 else
212 corr_q_accum <= corr_q_accum - $signed({1'b0,adc_d});
213 end
214
215 // for each Q/I pair report two reader signal samples when sniffing. Store the 2nd.
216 if(corr_i_cnt == 6'd32)
217 after_hysteresis_prev <= after_hysteresis;
218
219 // Then the result from last time is serialized and send out to the ARM.
220 // We get one report each cycle, and each report is 16 bits, so the
221 // ssp_clk should be the adc_clk divided by 64/16 = 4.
222 // ssp_clk frequency = 13,56MHz / 4 = 3.39MHz
223
224 if(corr_i_cnt[1:0] == 2'b00)
225 begin
226 // Don't shift if we just loaded new data, obviously.
227 if(corr_i_cnt != 6'd0)
228 begin
229 corr_i_out[7:0] <= {corr_i_out[6:0], corr_q_out[7]};
230 corr_q_out[7:1] <= corr_q_out[6:0];
231 end
232 end
233
234 end
235
236
237 // ssp clock and frame signal for communication to and from ARM
238 reg ssp_clk;
239 reg ssp_frame;
240
241 always @(negedge adc_clk)
242 begin
243 if (corr_i_cnt[1:0] == 2'b00)
244 ssp_clk <= 1'b1;
245 if (corr_i_cnt[1:0] == 2'b10)
246 ssp_clk <= 1'b0;
247
248 // set ssp_frame signal for corr_i_cnt = 1..3
249 // (send one frame with 16 Bits)
250 if (corr_i_cnt == 6'd1)
251 ssp_frame <= 1'b1;
252 if (corr_i_cnt == 6'd5)
253 ssp_frame <= 1'b0;
254 end
255
256
257 assign ssp_din = corr_i_out[7];
258
259
260 // Antenna drivers
261 reg pwr_hi, pwr_oe4;
262
263 always @(*)
264 begin
265 if (minor_mode == `FPGA_HF_READER_MODE_SEND_SHALLOW_MOD)
266 begin
267 pwr_hi = ck_1356meg;
268 pwr_oe4 = ssp_dout;
269 end
270 else if (minor_mode == `FPGA_HF_READER_MODE_SEND_FULL_MOD)
271 begin
272 pwr_hi = ck_1356meg & ~ssp_dout;
273 pwr_oe4 = 1'b0;
274 end
275 else if (minor_mode == `FPGA_HF_READER_MODE_SNIFF_IQ
276 || minor_mode == `FPGA_HF_READER_MODE_SNIFF_AMPLITUDE
277 || minor_mode == `FPGA_HF_READER_MODE_SNIFF_PHASE)
278 begin
279 pwr_hi = 1'b0;
280 pwr_oe4 = 1'b0;
281 end
282 else // receiving from tag
283 begin
284 pwr_hi = ck_1356meg;
285 pwr_oe4 = 1'b0;
286 end
287 end
288
289 // always on
290 assign pwr_oe1 = 1'b0;
291 assign pwr_oe3 = 1'b0;
292
293 // Unused.
294 assign pwr_lo = 1'b0;
295 assign pwr_oe2 = 1'b0;
296
297 // Debug Output
298 assign dbg = corr_i_cnt[3];
299
300 endmodule
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