CHG: Cleaning up

[proxmark3-svn] / client / cmdhfmfhard.c

diff --git a/client/cmdhfmfhard.c b/client/cmdhfmfhard.c
index 015da045fd59ae143264f30d7abba93f08f25914..a9dc8762e9a884593b9b97b514a84d1bf3d99e53 100644 (file)
--- a/client/cmdhfmfhard.c
+++ b/client/cmdhfmfhard.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Copyright (C) 2015 piwi
 // fiddled with 2016 Azcid (hardnested bitsliced Bruteforce imp)
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Copyright (C) 2015 piwi
 // fiddled with 2016 Azcid (hardnested bitsliced Bruteforce imp)

+// fiddled with 2016 Matrix ( sub testing of nonces while collecting )

 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
 // the license.
 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
 // the license.


@@ -13,28 +14,16 @@
 //   Mifare Classic Cards" in Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on 
 //   Computer and Communications Security, 2015
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //   Mifare Classic Cards" in Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on 
 //   Computer and Communications Security, 2015
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-
-#include <stdlib.h> 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <locale.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include "proxmark3.h"
-#include "cmdmain.h"
-#include "ui.h"
-#include "util.h"
-#include "nonce2key/crapto1.h"
-#include "nonce2key/crypto1_bs.h"
-#include "parity.h"
-#ifdef __WIN32
-       #include <windows.h>
-#endif
-#include <malloc.h>
-#include <assert.h>
+#include "cmdhfmfhard.h"
+#include "cmdhw.h"

 
 #define CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD   0.95            // Collect nonces until we are certain enough that the following brute force is successfull
 
 #define CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD   0.95            // Collect nonces until we are certain enough that the following brute force is successfull

-#define GOOD_BYTES_REQUIRED            28
+#define GOOD_BYTES_REQUIRED    13              // default 28, could be smaller == faster
+#define NONCES_THRESHOLD       5000            // every N nonces check if we can crack the key
+#define CRACKING_THRESHOLD     36.0f //38.50f          // as 2^38.5
+#define MAX_BUCKETS            128
+
+#define END_OF_LIST_MARKER             0xFFFFFFFF

 
 static const float p_K[257] = {                // the probability that a random nonce has a Sum Property == K 
        0.0290, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 
 
 static const float p_K[257] = {                // the probability that a random nonce has a Sum Property == K 
        0.0290, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000, 


@@ -85,7 +74,8 @@ typedef struct noncelist {
        float Sum8_prob;
        bool updated;
        noncelistentry_t *first;
        float Sum8_prob;
        bool updated;
        noncelistentry_t *first;

-       float score1, score2;
+       float score1;
+       uint_fast8_t score2;

 } noncelist_t;
 
 static size_t nonces_to_bruteforce = 0;
 } noncelist_t;
 
 static size_t nonces_to_bruteforce = 0;


@@ -127,6 +117,27 @@ static partial_indexed_statelist_t partial_statelist[17];
 static partial_indexed_statelist_t statelist_bitflip;
 static statelist_t *candidates = NULL;
 
 static partial_indexed_statelist_t statelist_bitflip;
 static statelist_t *candidates = NULL;
 

+bool field_off = false;
+
+uint64_t foundkey = 0;
+size_t keys_found = 0;
+size_t bucket_count = 0;
+statelist_t* buckets[MAX_BUCKETS];
+static uint64_t total_states_tested = 0;
+size_t thread_count = 4;
+
+// these bitsliced states will hold identical states in all slices
+bitslice_t bitsliced_rollback_byte[ROLLBACK_SIZE];
+
+// arrays of bitsliced states with identical values in all slices
+bitslice_t bitsliced_encrypted_nonces[NONCE_TESTS][STATE_SIZE];
+bitslice_t bitsliced_encrypted_parity_bits[NONCE_TESTS][ROLLBACK_SIZE];
+
+#define EXACT_COUNT
+
+static bool generate_candidates(uint16_t, uint16_t);
+static bool brute_force(void);
+

 static int add_nonce(uint32_t nonce_enc, uint8_t par_enc) 
 {
        uint8_t first_byte = nonce_enc >> 24;
 static int add_nonce(uint32_t nonce_enc, uint8_t par_enc) 
 {
        uint8_t first_byte = nonce_enc >> 24;


@@ -154,14 +165,17 @@ static int add_nonce(uint32_t nonce_enc, uint8_t par_enc)
                } else {                                        // add new entry at end of existing list.
                        p2 = p2->next = malloc(sizeof(noncelistentry_t));
                }
                } else {                                        // add new entry at end of existing list.
                        p2 = p2->next = malloc(sizeof(noncelistentry_t));
                }

-       } else if ((p1->nonce_enc & 0x00ff0000) != (nonce_enc & 0x00ff0000)) {                          // found distinct 2nd byte. Need to insert.
+               if (p2 == NULL) return 0;                                                       // memory allocation failed
+       }
+       else if ((p1->nonce_enc & 0x00ff0000) != (nonce_enc & 0x00ff0000)) {                    // found distinct 2nd byte. Need to insert.

                if (p2 == NULL) {                       // need to insert at start of list
                        p2 = nonces[first_byte].first = malloc(sizeof(noncelistentry_t));
                } else {
                        p2 = p2->next = malloc(sizeof(noncelistentry_t));
                }
                if (p2 == NULL) {                       // need to insert at start of list
                        p2 = nonces[first_byte].first = malloc(sizeof(noncelistentry_t));
                } else {
                        p2 = p2->next = malloc(sizeof(noncelistentry_t));
                }

-       } else {                                                                                        // we have seen this 2nd byte before. Nothing to add or insert. 
-               return (0);
+               if (p2 == NULL) return 0;                                                       // memory allocation failed
+       } else {
+               return 0;                                                                       // we have seen this 2nd byte before. Nothing to add or insert.

        }
 
        // add or insert new data
        }
 
        // add or insert new data


@@ -178,7 +192,7 @@ static int add_nonce(uint32_t nonce_enc, uint8_t par_enc)
        nonces[first_byte].Sum += evenparity32((nonce_enc & 0x00ff0000) | (par_enc & 0x04));
        nonces[first_byte].updated = true;   // indicates that we need to recalculate the Sum(a8) probability for this first byte
 
        nonces[first_byte].Sum += evenparity32((nonce_enc & 0x00ff0000) | (par_enc & 0x04));
        nonces[first_byte].updated = true;   // indicates that we need to recalculate the Sum(a8) probability for this first byte
 

-       return (1);                             // new nonce added
+       return 1;                               // new nonce added

 }
 
 static void init_nonce_memory(void)
 }
 
 static void init_nonce_memory(void)


@@ -196,7 +210,6 @@ static void init_nonce_memory(void)
        num_good_first_bytes = 0;
 }
 
        num_good_first_bytes = 0;
 }
 

-

 static void free_nonce_list(noncelistentry_t *p)
 {
        if (p == NULL) {
 static void free_nonce_list(noncelistentry_t *p)
 {
        if (p == NULL) {


@@ -289,17 +302,19 @@ static float sum_probability(uint16_t K, uint16_t n, uint16_t k)
        if (k > K || p_K[K] == 0.0) return 0.0;
 
        double p_T_is_k_when_S_is_K = p_hypergeometric(N, K, n, k);
        if (k > K || p_K[K] == 0.0) return 0.0;
 
        double p_T_is_k_when_S_is_K = p_hypergeometric(N, K, n, k);

+       if (p_T_is_k_when_S_is_K == 0.0) return 0.0;
+

        double p_S_is_K = p_K[K];
        double p_S_is_K = p_K[K];

-       double p_T_is_k = 0;
+       double p_T_is_k = 0.0;

        for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= 256; i++) {
                if (p_K[i] != 0.0) {
                        p_T_is_k += p_K[i] * p_hypergeometric(N, i, n, k);
                }
        }
        for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= 256; i++) {
                if (p_K[i] != 0.0) {
                        p_T_is_k += p_K[i] * p_hypergeometric(N, i, n, k);
                }
        }

+       if (p_T_is_k == 0.0) return 0.0;

        return(p_T_is_k_when_S_is_K * p_S_is_K / p_T_is_k);
 }
 
        return(p_T_is_k_when_S_is_K * p_S_is_K / p_T_is_k);
 }
 

-       

 static inline uint_fast8_t common_bits(uint_fast8_t bytes_diff) 
 {
        static const uint_fast8_t common_bits_LUT[256] = {
 static inline uint_fast8_t common_bits(uint_fast8_t bytes_diff) 
 {
        static const uint_fast8_t common_bits_LUT[256] = {


@@ -485,7 +500,7 @@ static void Tests()
 
 }
 
 
 }
 

-static void sort_best_first_bytes(void)
+static uint16_t sort_best_first_bytes(void)

 {
        // sort based on probability for correct guess  
        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 256; i++ ) {
 {
        // sort based on probability for correct guess  
        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 256; i++ ) {


@@ -500,8 +515,8 @@ static void sort_best_first_bytes(void)
                                best_first_bytes[k] = best_first_bytes[k-1];
                        }
                }
                                best_first_bytes[k] = best_first_bytes[k-1];
                        }
                }

-                       best_first_bytes[j] = i;
-               }
+               best_first_bytes[j] = i;
+       }

 
        // determine how many are above the CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD
        uint16_t num_good_nonces = 0;
 
        // determine how many are above the CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD
        uint16_t num_good_nonces = 0;


@@ -511,6 +526,8 @@ static void sort_best_first_bytes(void)
                }
        }
        
                }
        }
        

+       if (num_good_nonces == 0) return 0;
+

        uint16_t best_first_byte = 0;
 
        // select the best possible first byte based on number of common bits with all {b'}
        uint16_t best_first_byte = 0;
 
        // select the best possible first byte based on number of common bits with all {b'}


@@ -533,25 +550,28 @@ static void sort_best_first_bytes(void)
        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < num_good_nonces; i++ ) {
                uint16_t sum8 = nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].Sum8_guess;
                float bitflip_prob = 1.0;
        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < num_good_nonces; i++ ) {
                uint16_t sum8 = nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].Sum8_guess;
                float bitflip_prob = 1.0;

-               if (nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].BitFlip[ODD_STATE] || nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].BitFlip[EVEN_STATE]) {
+               
+               if (nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].BitFlip[ODD_STATE] || nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].BitFlip[EVEN_STATE])

                        bitflip_prob = 0.09375;
                        bitflip_prob = 0.09375;

-               }
+               

                nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].score1 = p_K[sum8] * bitflip_prob;
                nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].score1 = p_K[sum8] * bitflip_prob;

-               if (p_K[sum8] * bitflip_prob <= min_p_K) {
+               
+               if (p_K[sum8] * bitflip_prob <= min_p_K)

                        min_p_K = p_K[sum8] * bitflip_prob;
                        min_p_K = p_K[sum8] * bitflip_prob;

-               }
+               

        }
 
 
        // use number of commmon bits as a tie breaker
        }
 
 
        // use number of commmon bits as a tie breaker

-       uint16_t max_common_bits = 0;
+       uint_fast8_t max_common_bits = 0;

        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < num_good_nonces; i++) {
        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < num_good_nonces; i++) {

+

                float bitflip_prob = 1.0;
                float bitflip_prob = 1.0;

-               if (nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].BitFlip[ODD_STATE] || nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].BitFlip[EVEN_STATE]) {
+               if (nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].BitFlip[ODD_STATE] || nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].BitFlip[EVEN_STATE])

                        bitflip_prob = 0.09375;
                        bitflip_prob = 0.09375;

-               }
+               

                if (p_K[nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].Sum8_guess] * bitflip_prob == min_p_K) {
                if (p_K[nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].Sum8_guess] * bitflip_prob == min_p_K) {

-                       uint16_t sum_common_bits = 0;
+                       uint_fast8_t sum_common_bits = 0;

                        for (uint16_t j = 0; j < num_good_nonces; j++) {
                                sum_common_bits += common_bits(best_first_bytes[i] ^ best_first_bytes[j]);
                        }
                        for (uint16_t j = 0; j < num_good_nonces; j++) {
                                sum_common_bits += common_bits(best_first_bytes[i] ^ best_first_bytes[j]);
                        }


@@ -564,15 +584,17 @@ static void sort_best_first_bytes(void)
        }       
 
        // swap best possible first byte to the pole position
        }       
 
        // swap best possible first byte to the pole position

-       uint16_t temp = best_first_bytes[0];
-       best_first_bytes[0] = best_first_bytes[best_first_byte];
-       best_first_bytes[best_first_byte] = temp;
+       if (best_first_byte != 0) {
+               uint16_t temp = best_first_bytes[0];
+               best_first_bytes[0] = best_first_bytes[best_first_byte];
+               best_first_bytes[best_first_byte] = temp;
+       }

        
        

+       return num_good_nonces;

 }
 
 static uint16_t estimate_second_byte_sum(void) 
 }
 
 static uint16_t estimate_second_byte_sum(void) 

-{
-       
+{      

        for (uint16_t first_byte = 0; first_byte < 256; first_byte++) {
                float Sum8_prob = 0.0;
                uint16_t Sum8 = 0;
        for (uint16_t first_byte = 0; first_byte < 256; first_byte++) {
                float Sum8_prob = 0.0;
                uint16_t Sum8 = 0;


@@ -589,27 +611,17 @@ static uint16_t estimate_second_byte_sum(void)
                        nonces[first_byte].updated = false;
                }
        }
                        nonces[first_byte].updated = false;
                }
        }

-       
-       sort_best_first_bytes();
-
-       uint16_t num_good_nonces = 0;
-       for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-               if (nonces[best_first_bytes[i]].Sum8_prob >= CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD) {
-                       ++num_good_nonces;
-               }
-       }
-       
-       return num_good_nonces;
+       return sort_best_first_bytes();

 }      
 
 static int read_nonce_file(void)
 {
        FILE *fnonces = NULL;
 }      
 
 static int read_nonce_file(void)
 {
        FILE *fnonces = NULL;

-       uint8_t trgBlockNo;
-       uint8_t trgKeyType;
+       uint8_t trgBlockNo = 0;
+       uint8_t trgKeyType = 0;

        uint8_t read_buf[9];
        uint8_t read_buf[9];

-       uint32_t nt_enc1, nt_enc2;
-       uint8_t par_enc;
+       uint32_t nt_enc1 = 0, nt_enc2 = 0;
+       uint8_t par_enc = 0;

        int total_num_nonces = 0;
        
        if ((fnonces = fopen("nonces.bin","rb")) == NULL) { 
        int total_num_nonces = 0;
        
        if ((fnonces = fopen("nonces.bin","rb")) == NULL) { 


@@ -618,6 +630,7 @@ static int read_nonce_file(void)
        }
 
        PrintAndLog("Reading nonces from file nonces.bin...");
        }
 
        PrintAndLog("Reading nonces from file nonces.bin...");

+       memset (read_buf, 0, sizeof (read_buf));

        size_t bytes_read = fread(read_buf, 1, 6, fnonces);
        if ( bytes_read == 0) {
                PrintAndLog("File reading error.");
        size_t bytes_read = fread(read_buf, 1, 6, fnonces);
        if ( bytes_read == 0) {
                PrintAndLog("File reading error.");


@@ -627,8 +640,10 @@ static int read_nonce_file(void)
        cuid = bytes_to_num(read_buf, 4);
        trgBlockNo = bytes_to_num(read_buf+4, 1);
        trgKeyType = bytes_to_num(read_buf+5, 1);
        cuid = bytes_to_num(read_buf, 4);
        trgBlockNo = bytes_to_num(read_buf+4, 1);
        trgKeyType = bytes_to_num(read_buf+5, 1);

-
-       while (fread(read_buf, 1, 9, fnonces) == 9) {
+       size_t ret = 0;
+       do {
+               memset (read_buf, 0, sizeof (read_buf));
+               if ((ret = fread(read_buf, 1, 9, fnonces)) == 9) {

                nt_enc1 = bytes_to_num(read_buf, 4);
                nt_enc2 = bytes_to_num(read_buf+4, 4);
                par_enc = bytes_to_num(read_buf+8, 1);
                nt_enc1 = bytes_to_num(read_buf, 4);
                nt_enc2 = bytes_to_num(read_buf+4, 4);
                par_enc = bytes_to_num(read_buf+8, 1);


@@ -638,16 +653,16 @@ static int read_nonce_file(void)
                add_nonce(nt_enc2, par_enc & 0x0f);
                total_num_nonces += 2;
        }
                add_nonce(nt_enc2, par_enc & 0x0f);
                total_num_nonces += 2;
        }

+       } while (ret == 9);
+

        fclose(fnonces);
        PrintAndLog("Read %d nonces from file. cuid=%08x, Block=%d, Keytype=%c", total_num_nonces, cuid, trgBlockNo, trgKeyType==0?'A':'B');
        fclose(fnonces);
        PrintAndLog("Read %d nonces from file. cuid=%08x, Block=%d, Keytype=%c", total_num_nonces, cuid, trgBlockNo, trgKeyType==0?'A':'B');

-

        return 0;
 }
 
 static void Check_for_FilterFlipProperties(void)
 {
        printf("Checking for Filter Flip Properties...\n");
        return 0;
 }
 
 static void Check_for_FilterFlipProperties(void)
 {
        printf("Checking for Filter Flip Properties...\n");

-

        uint16_t num_bitflips = 0;
        
        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
        uint16_t num_bitflips = 0;
        
        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 256; i++) {


@@ -656,6 +671,8 @@ static void Check_for_FilterFlipProperties(void)
        }
        
        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
        }
        
        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 256; i++) {

+               if (!nonces[i].first || !nonces[i^0x80].first || !nonces[i^0x40].first) continue;
+

                uint8_t parity1 = (nonces[i].first->par_enc) >> 3;                              // parity of first byte
                uint8_t parity2_odd = (nonces[i^0x80].first->par_enc) >> 3;     // XOR 0x80 = last bit flipped
                uint8_t parity2_even = (nonces[i^0x40].first->par_enc) >> 3;    // XOR 0x40 = second last bit flipped
                uint8_t parity1 = (nonces[i].first->par_enc) >> 3;                              // parity of first byte
                uint8_t parity2_odd = (nonces[i^0x80].first->par_enc) >> 3;     // XOR 0x80 = last bit flipped
                uint8_t parity2_even = (nonces[i^0x40].first->par_enc) >> 3;    // XOR 0x40 = second last bit flipped


@@ -669,9 +686,8 @@ static void Check_for_FilterFlipProperties(void)
                }
        }
        
                }
        }
        

-       if (write_stats) {
+       if (write_stats)

                fprintf(fstats, "%d;", num_bitflips);
                fprintf(fstats, "%d;", num_bitflips);

-       }

 }
 
 static void simulate_MFplus_RNG(uint32_t test_cuid, uint64_t test_key, uint32_t *nt_enc, uint8_t *par_enc)
 }
 
 static void simulate_MFplus_RNG(uint32_t test_cuid, uint64_t test_key, uint32_t *nt_enc, uint8_t *par_enc)


@@ -728,8 +744,8 @@ static void simulate_acquire_nonces()
                        num_good_first_bytes = estimate_second_byte_sum();
                        if (total_num_nonces > next_fivehundred) {
                                next_fivehundred = (total_num_nonces/500+1) * 500;
                        num_good_first_bytes = estimate_second_byte_sum();
                        if (total_num_nonces > next_fivehundred) {
                                next_fivehundred = (total_num_nonces/500+1) * 500;

-                               printf("Acquired %5d nonces (%5d with distinct bytes 0 and 1). Number of bytes with probability for correctly guessed Sum(a8) > %1.1f%%: %d\n",
-                                       total_num_nonces, 
+                               printf("Acquired %5d nonces (%5d with distinct bytes 0,1). Bytes with probability for correctly guessed Sum(a8) > %1.1f%%: %d\n",
+                                       total_num_nonces,

                                        total_added_nonces,
                                        CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD * 100.0,
                                        num_good_first_bytes);
                                        total_added_nonces,
                                        CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD * 100.0,
                                        num_good_first_bytes);


@@ -753,7 +769,6 @@ static int acquire_nonces(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t keyType, uint8_t *key, uint8_
 {
        clock_t time1 = clock();
        bool initialize = true;
 {
        clock_t time1 = clock();
        bool initialize = true;

-       bool field_off = false;

        bool finished = false;
        bool filter_flip_checked = false;
        uint32_t flags = 0;
        bool finished = false;
        bool filter_flip_checked = false;
        uint32_t flags = 0;


@@ -761,116 +776,118 @@ static int acquire_nonces(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t keyType, uint8_t *key, uint8_
        uint32_t total_num_nonces = 0;
        uint32_t next_fivehundred = 500;
        uint32_t total_added_nonces = 0;
        uint32_t total_num_nonces = 0;
        uint32_t next_fivehundred = 500;
        uint32_t total_added_nonces = 0;

+       uint32_t idx = 1;

        FILE *fnonces = NULL;
        FILE *fnonces = NULL;

+       field_off = false;

        UsbCommand resp;
        UsbCommand resp;

-
+       UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_ACQUIRE_ENCRYPTED_NONCES, {0,0,0} };
+       memcpy(c.d.asBytes, key, 6);    
+       c.arg[0] = blockNo + (keyType * 0x100);
+       c.arg[1] = trgBlockNo + (trgKeyType * 0x100);
+               

        printf("Acquiring nonces...\n");
        printf("Acquiring nonces...\n");

-       
-       clearCommandBuffer();
-

        do {
        do {

+       

                flags = 0;
                flags |= initialize ? 0x0001 : 0;
                flags |= slow ? 0x0002 : 0;
                flags |= field_off ? 0x0004 : 0;
                flags = 0;
                flags |= initialize ? 0x0001 : 0;
                flags |= slow ? 0x0002 : 0;
                flags |= field_off ? 0x0004 : 0;

-               UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFARE_ACQUIRE_ENCRYPTED_NONCES, {blockNo + keyType * 0x100, trgBlockNo + trgKeyType * 0x100, flags}};
-               memcpy(c.d.asBytes, key, 6);
+               c.arg[2] = flags;

 
 

+               clearCommandBuffer();

                SendCommand(&c);
                
                SendCommand(&c);
                

-               if (field_off) finished = true;
-               
-               if (initialize) {
-                       if (!WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, &resp, 3000)) return 1;
-                       if (resp.arg[0]) return resp.arg[0];  // error during nested_hard
+               if (field_off) break;
+
+               if (!WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, &resp, 6000)) {
+                       if (fnonces) fclose(fnonces);
+                       return 1;
+               }

 
 

+               if (resp.arg[0]) {
+                       if (fnonces) fclose(fnonces);
+                       return resp.arg[0];  // error during nested_hard
+               }
+                       
+               if (initialize) {
+                       // global var CUID

                        cuid = resp.arg[1];
                        cuid = resp.arg[1];

-                       // PrintAndLog("Acquiring nonces for CUID 0x%08x", cuid); 

                        if (nonce_file_write && fnonces == NULL) {
                                if ((fnonces = fopen("nonces.bin","wb")) == NULL) { 
                                        PrintAndLog("Could not create file nonces.bin");
                                        return 3;
                                }
                                PrintAndLog("Writing acquired nonces to binary file nonces.bin");
                        if (nonce_file_write && fnonces == NULL) {
                                if ((fnonces = fopen("nonces.bin","wb")) == NULL) { 
                                        PrintAndLog("Could not create file nonces.bin");
                                        return 3;
                                }
                                PrintAndLog("Writing acquired nonces to binary file nonces.bin");

+                               memset (write_buf, 0, sizeof (write_buf));

                                num_to_bytes(cuid, 4, write_buf);
                                fwrite(write_buf, 1, 4, fnonces);
                                fwrite(&trgBlockNo, 1, 1, fnonces);
                                fwrite(&trgKeyType, 1, 1, fnonces);
                                num_to_bytes(cuid, 4, write_buf);
                                fwrite(write_buf, 1, 4, fnonces);
                                fwrite(&trgBlockNo, 1, 1, fnonces);
                                fwrite(&trgKeyType, 1, 1, fnonces);

+                               fflush(fnonces);

                        }
                        }

+                       initialize = false;                     

                }
                }

-
-               if (!initialize) {
-                       uint32_t nt_enc1, nt_enc2;
-                       uint8_t par_enc;
-                       uint16_t num_acquired_nonces = resp.arg[2];
-                       uint8_t *bufp = resp.d.asBytes;
-                       for (uint16_t i = 0; i < num_acquired_nonces; i+=2) {
-                               nt_enc1 = bytes_to_num(bufp, 4);
-                               nt_enc2 = bytes_to_num(bufp+4, 4);
-                               par_enc = bytes_to_num(bufp+8, 1);
-                               
-                               //printf("Encrypted nonce: %08x, encrypted_parity: %02x\n", nt_enc1, par_enc >> 4);
-                               total_added_nonces += add_nonce(nt_enc1, par_enc >> 4);
-                               //printf("Encrypted nonce: %08x, encrypted_parity: %02x\n", nt_enc2, par_enc & 0x0f);
-                               total_added_nonces += add_nonce(nt_enc2, par_enc & 0x0f);
-                               
-
-                               if (nonce_file_write) {
-                                       fwrite(bufp, 1, 9, fnonces);
-                               }
-                               
-                               bufp += 9;
+               
+               uint32_t nt_enc1, nt_enc2;
+               uint8_t par_enc;
+               uint16_t num_acquired_nonces = resp.arg[2];
+               uint8_t *bufp = resp.d.asBytes;
+               for (uint16_t i = 0; i < num_acquired_nonces; i += 2) {
+                       nt_enc1 = bytes_to_num(bufp, 4);
+                       nt_enc2 = bytes_to_num(bufp+4, 4);
+                       par_enc = bytes_to_num(bufp+8, 1);
+                       
+                       total_added_nonces += add_nonce(nt_enc1, par_enc >> 4);
+                       total_added_nonces += add_nonce(nt_enc2, par_enc & 0x0f);
+                       
+                       if (nonce_file_write && fnonces) {
+                               fwrite(bufp, 1, 9, fnonces);
+                               fflush(fnonces);

                        }
                        }

-
-                       total_num_nonces += num_acquired_nonces;
+                       bufp += 9;

                }
                }

-               
-               if (first_byte_num == 256 ) {
-                       // printf("first_byte_num = %d, first_byte_Sum = %d\n", first_byte_num, first_byte_Sum);
+               total_num_nonces += num_acquired_nonces;
+
+               if (first_byte_num == 256) {
+

                        if (!filter_flip_checked) {
                                Check_for_FilterFlipProperties();
                                filter_flip_checked = true;
                        }
                        if (!filter_flip_checked) {
                                Check_for_FilterFlipProperties();
                                filter_flip_checked = true;
                        }

+

                        num_good_first_bytes = estimate_second_byte_sum();
                        num_good_first_bytes = estimate_second_byte_sum();

+

                        if (total_num_nonces > next_fivehundred) {
                                next_fivehundred = (total_num_nonces/500+1) * 500;
                        if (total_num_nonces > next_fivehundred) {
                                next_fivehundred = (total_num_nonces/500+1) * 500;

-                               printf("Acquired %5d nonces (%5d with distinct bytes 0 and 1). Number of bytes with probability for correctly guessed Sum(a8) > %1.1f%%: %d\n",
-                                       total_num_nonces, 
+                               printf("Acquired %5d nonces (%5d/%5d with distinct bytes 0,1). Bytes with probability for correctly guessed Sum(a8) > %1.1f%%: %d\n",
+                                       total_num_nonces,

                                        total_added_nonces,
                                        total_added_nonces,

+                                       NONCES_THRESHOLD * idx,

                                        CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD * 100.0,
                                        CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD * 100.0,

-                                       num_good_first_bytes);
-                       }
-                       if (num_good_first_bytes >= GOOD_BYTES_REQUIRED) {
-                               field_off = true;       // switch off field with next SendCommand and then finish
+                                       num_good_first_bytes
+                                       );                              

                        }
                        }

-               }
-
-               if (!initialize) {
-                       if (!WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, &resp, 3000)) {
-                               fclose(fnonces);
-                               return 1;
-                       }
-                       if (resp.arg[0]) {
-                               fclose(fnonces);
-                               return resp.arg[0];  // error during nested_hard
+                       
+                       if (total_added_nonces >= (NONCES_THRESHOLD * idx)) {
+                               if (num_good_first_bytes > 0) {
+                                       if (generate_candidates(first_byte_Sum, nonces[best_first_bytes[0]].Sum8_guess) || known_target_key != -1) {
+                                               field_off = brute_force(); // switch off field with next SendCommand and then finish
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               idx++;

                        }
                }
                        }
                }

-
-               initialize = false;
-

        } while (!finished);
 
        } while (!finished);
 

-       
-       if (nonce_file_write) {
+       if (nonce_file_write && fnonces)

                fclose(fnonces);
                fclose(fnonces);

-       }

        
        time1 = clock() - time1;
        if ( time1 > 0 ) {
        
        time1 = clock() - time1;
        if ( time1 > 0 ) {

-       PrintAndLog("Acquired a total of %d nonces in %1.1f seconds (%0.0f nonces/minute)", 
-               total_num_nonces, 
-               ((float)time1)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC, 
-               total_num_nonces * 60.0 * CLOCKS_PER_SEC/(float)time1
+               PrintAndLog("Acquired a total of %d nonces in %1.1f seconds (%0.0f nonces/minute)", 
+                       total_num_nonces, 
+                       ((float)time1)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC, 
+                       total_num_nonces * 60.0 * CLOCKS_PER_SEC/(float)time1

                );
        }
        return 0;
                );
        }
        return 0;


@@ -879,7 +896,8 @@ static int acquire_nonces(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t keyType, uint8_t *key, uint8_
 static int init_partial_statelists(void)
 {
        const uint32_t sizes_odd[17] = { 126757, 0, 18387, 0, 74241, 0, 181737, 0, 248801, 0, 182033, 0, 73421, 0, 17607, 0, 125601 };
 static int init_partial_statelists(void)
 {
        const uint32_t sizes_odd[17] = { 126757, 0, 18387, 0, 74241, 0, 181737, 0, 248801, 0, 182033, 0, 73421, 0, 17607, 0, 125601 };

-       const uint32_t sizes_even[17] = { 125723, 0, 17867, 0, 74305, 0, 178707, 0, 248801, 0, 185063, 0, 73356, 0, 18127, 0, 126634 };
+//     const uint32_t sizes_even[17] = { 125723, 0, 17867, 0, 74305, 0, 178707, 0, 248801, 0, 185063, 0, 73356, 0, 18127, 0, 126634 };
+       const uint32_t sizes_even[17] = { 125723, 0, 17867, 0, 74305, 0, 178707, 0, 248801, 0, 185063, 0, 73357, 0, 18127, 0, 126635 };

        
        printf("Allocating memory for partial statelists...\n");
        for (odd_even_t odd_even = EVEN_STATE; odd_even <= ODD_STATE; odd_even++) {
        
        printf("Allocating memory for partial statelists...\n");
        for (odd_even_t odd_even = EVEN_STATE; odd_even <= ODD_STATE; odd_even++) {


@@ -919,7 +937,7 @@ static int init_partial_statelists(void)
                for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= 16; i += 2) {
                        uint32_t *p = partial_statelist[i].states[odd_even];
                        p += partial_statelist[i].len[odd_even];
                for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= 16; i += 2) {
                        uint32_t *p = partial_statelist[i].states[odd_even];
                        p += partial_statelist[i].len[odd_even];

-                       *p = 0xffffffff;
+                       *p = END_OF_LIST_MARKER;

                }
        }
        
                }
        }
        


@@ -945,8 +963,8 @@ static void init_BitFlip_statelist(void)
        }
        // set len and add End Of List marker
        statelist_bitflip.len[0] = p - statelist_bitflip.states[0];
        }
        // set len and add End Of List marker
        statelist_bitflip.len[0] = p - statelist_bitflip.states[0];

-       *p = 0xffffffff;
-       statelist_bitflip.states[0] = realloc(statelist_bitflip.states[0], sizeof(uint32_t) * (statelist_bitflip.len[0] + 1));
+       *p = END_OF_LIST_MARKER;
+       //statelist_bitflip.states[0] = realloc(statelist_bitflip.states[0], sizeof(uint32_t) * (statelist_bitflip.len[0] + 1));

 }
                
 static inline uint32_t *find_first_state(uint32_t state, uint32_t mask, partial_indexed_statelist_t *sl, odd_even_t odd_even)
 }
                
 static inline uint32_t *find_first_state(uint32_t state, uint32_t mask, partial_indexed_statelist_t *sl, odd_even_t odd_even)


@@ -955,7 +973,7 @@ static inline uint32_t *find_first_state(uint32_t state, uint32_t mask, partial_
 
        if (p == NULL) return NULL;
        while (*p < (state & mask)) p++;
 
        if (p == NULL) return NULL;
        while (*p < (state & mask)) p++;

-       if (*p == 0xffffffff) return NULL;                                      // reached end of list, no match
+       if (*p == END_OF_LIST_MARKER) return NULL;                                      // reached end of list, no match

        if ((*p & mask) == (state & mask)) return p;            // found a match.
        return NULL;                                                                            // no match
 } 
        if ((*p & mask) == (state & mask)) return p;            // found a match.
        return NULL;                                                                            // no match
 } 


@@ -1033,7 +1051,7 @@ static bool all_other_first_bytes_match(uint32_t state, odd_even_t odd_even)
                                        uint16_t part_sum_a8 = (odd_even == ODD_STATE) ? r : s;
                                        uint32_t *p = find_first_state(state, mask, &partial_statelist[part_sum_a8], odd_even);
                                        if (p != NULL) {
                                        uint16_t part_sum_a8 = (odd_even == ODD_STATE) ? r : s;
                                        uint32_t *p = find_first_state(state, mask, &partial_statelist[part_sum_a8], odd_even);
                                        if (p != NULL) {

-                                               while ((state & mask) == (*p & mask) && (*p != 0xffffffff)) {
+                                               while ((state & mask) == (*p & mask) && (*p != END_OF_LIST_MARKER)) {

                                                        if (remaining_bits_match(j, bytes_diff, state, (state&0x00fffff0) | *p, odd_even)) {
                                                                found_match = true;
                                                                // if ((odd_even == ODD_STATE && state == test_state_odd)
                                                        if (remaining_bits_match(j, bytes_diff, state, (state&0x00fffff0) | *p, odd_even)) {
                                                                found_match = true;
                                                                // if ((odd_even == ODD_STATE && state == test_state_odd)


@@ -1091,7 +1109,7 @@ static bool all_bit_flips_match(uint32_t state, odd_even_t odd_even)
                        bool found_match = false;
                        uint32_t *p = find_first_state(state, mask, &statelist_bitflip, 0);
                        if (p != NULL) {
                        bool found_match = false;
                        uint32_t *p = find_first_state(state, mask, &statelist_bitflip, 0);
                        if (p != NULL) {

-                               while ((state & mask) == (*p & mask) && (*p != 0xffffffff)) {
+                               while ((state & mask) == (*p & mask) && (*p != END_OF_LIST_MARKER)) {

                                        if (remaining_bits_match(j, bytes_diff, state, (state&0x00fffff0) | *p, odd_even)) {
                                                found_match = true;
                                                // if ((odd_even == ODD_STATE && state == test_state_odd)
                                        if (remaining_bits_match(j, bytes_diff, state, (state&0x00fffff0) | *p, odd_even)) {
                                                found_match = true;
                                                // if ((odd_even == ODD_STATE && state == test_state_odd)


@@ -1164,11 +1182,11 @@ static int add_matching_states(statelist_t *candidates, uint16_t part_sum_a0, ui
                return 4;
        }
        uint32_t *add_p = candidates->states[odd_even]; 
                return 4;
        }
        uint32_t *add_p = candidates->states[odd_even]; 

-       for (uint32_t *p1 = partial_statelist[part_sum_a0].states[odd_even]; *p1 != 0xffffffff; p1++) {
+       for (uint32_t *p1 = partial_statelist[part_sum_a0].states[odd_even]; *p1 != END_OF_LIST_MARKER; p1++) {

                uint32_t search_mask = 0x000ffff0;
                uint32_t *p2 = find_first_state((*p1 << 4), search_mask, &partial_statelist[part_sum_a8], odd_even);
                uint32_t search_mask = 0x000ffff0;
                uint32_t *p2 = find_first_state((*p1 << 4), search_mask, &partial_statelist[part_sum_a8], odd_even);

-               if (p2 != NULL) {
-                       while (((*p1 << 4) & search_mask) == (*p2 & search_mask) && *p2 != 0xffffffff) {
+               if (p1 != NULL && p2 != NULL) {
+                       while (((*p1 << 4) & search_mask) == (*p2 & search_mask) && *p2 != END_OF_LIST_MARKER) {

                                if ((nonces[best_first_bytes[0]].BitFlip[odd_even] && find_first_state((*p1 << 4) | *p2, 0x000fffff, &statelist_bitflip, 0))
                                        || !nonces[best_first_bytes[0]].BitFlip[odd_even]) {
                                if (all_other_first_bytes_match((*p1 << 4) | *p2, odd_even)) {
                                if ((nonces[best_first_bytes[0]].BitFlip[odd_even] && find_first_state((*p1 << 4) | *p2, 0x000fffff, &statelist_bitflip, 0))
                                        || !nonces[best_first_bytes[0]].BitFlip[odd_even]) {
                                if (all_other_first_bytes_match((*p1 << 4) | *p2, odd_even)) {


@@ -1183,7 +1201,7 @@ static int add_matching_states(statelist_t *candidates, uint16_t part_sum_a0, ui
        }
 
        // set end of list marker and len
        }
 
        // set end of list marker and len

-       *add_p = 0xffffffff; 
+       *add_p = END_OF_LIST_MARKER; 

        candidates->len[odd_even] = add_p - candidates->states[odd_even];
 
        candidates->states[odd_even] = realloc(candidates->states[odd_even], sizeof(uint32_t) * (candidates->len[odd_even] + 1));
        candidates->len[odd_even] = add_p - candidates->states[odd_even];
 
        candidates->states[odd_even] = realloc(candidates->states[odd_even], sizeof(uint32_t) * (candidates->len[odd_even] + 1));


@@ -1205,6 +1223,8 @@ static statelist_t *add_more_candidates(statelist_t *current_candidates)
        } else {
                new_candidates = current_candidates->next = (statelist_t *)malloc(sizeof(statelist_t));
        }
        } else {
                new_candidates = current_candidates->next = (statelist_t *)malloc(sizeof(statelist_t));
        }

+       if (!new_candidates) return NULL;
+

        new_candidates->next = NULL;
        new_candidates->len[ODD_STATE] = 0;
        new_candidates->len[EVEN_STATE] = 0;
        new_candidates->next = NULL;
        new_candidates->len[ODD_STATE] = 0;
        new_candidates->len[EVEN_STATE] = 0;


@@ -1213,7 +1233,7 @@ static statelist_t *add_more_candidates(statelist_t *current_candidates)
        return new_candidates;
 }
 
        return new_candidates;
 }
 

-static void TestIfKeyExists(uint64_t key)
+static bool TestIfKeyExists(uint64_t key)

 {
        struct Crypto1State *pcs;
        pcs = crypto1_create(key);
 {
        struct Crypto1State *pcs;
        pcs = crypto1_create(key);


@@ -1222,48 +1242,53 @@ static void TestIfKeyExists(uint64_t key)
        uint32_t state_odd = pcs->odd & 0x00ffffff;
        uint32_t state_even = pcs->even & 0x00ffffff;
        //printf("Tests: searching for key %llx after first byte 0x%02x (state_odd = 0x%06x, state_even = 0x%06x) ...\n", key, best_first_bytes[0], state_odd, state_even);
        uint32_t state_odd = pcs->odd & 0x00ffffff;
        uint32_t state_even = pcs->even & 0x00ffffff;
        //printf("Tests: searching for key %llx after first byte 0x%02x (state_odd = 0x%06x, state_even = 0x%06x) ...\n", key, best_first_bytes[0], state_odd, state_even);

-       
+       printf("Validating key search space\n");

        uint64_t count = 0;
        for (statelist_t *p = candidates; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
                bool found_odd = false;
                bool found_even = false;
                uint32_t *p_odd = p->states[ODD_STATE];
                uint32_t *p_even = p->states[EVEN_STATE];
        uint64_t count = 0;
        for (statelist_t *p = candidates; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
                bool found_odd = false;
                bool found_even = false;
                uint32_t *p_odd = p->states[ODD_STATE];
                uint32_t *p_even = p->states[EVEN_STATE];

-               while (*p_odd != 0xffffffff) {
+               while (*p_odd != END_OF_LIST_MARKER) {

                        if ((*p_odd & 0x00ffffff) == state_odd) {
                                found_odd = true;
                                break;
                        }
                        p_odd++;
                }
                        if ((*p_odd & 0x00ffffff) == state_odd) {
                                found_odd = true;
                                break;
                        }
                        p_odd++;
                }

-               while (*p_even != 0xffffffff) {
-                       if ((*p_even & 0x00ffffff) == state_even) {
+               while (*p_even != END_OF_LIST_MARKER) {
+                       if ((*p_even & 0x00ffffff) == state_even)

                                found_even = true;
                                found_even = true;

-                       }
+

                        p_even++;
                }
                count += (p_odd - p->states[ODD_STATE]) * (p_even - p->states[EVEN_STATE]);
                if (found_odd && found_even) {
                        p_even++;
                }
                count += (p_odd - p->states[ODD_STATE]) * (p_even - p->states[EVEN_STATE]);
                if (found_odd && found_even) {

-                       PrintAndLog("Key Found after testing %lld (2^%1.1f) out of %lld (2^%1.1f) keys. A brute force would have taken approx %lld minutes.", 
-                               count, log(count)/log(2), 
-                               maximum_states, log(maximum_states)/log(2),
-                               (count>>23)/60);
-                       if (write_stats) {
-                               fprintf(fstats, "1\n");
+                       if (known_target_key != -1) {
+                               PrintAndLog("Key Found after testing %llu (2^%1.1f) out of %lld (2^%1.1f) keys.", 
+                                       count,
+                                       log(count)/log(2), 
+                                       maximum_states,
+                                       log(maximum_states)/log(2)
+                                       );
+                               if (write_stats)
+                                       fprintf(fstats, "1\n");                 

                        }
                        crypto1_destroy(pcs);
                        }
                        crypto1_destroy(pcs);

-                       return;
+                       return true;

                }
        }
 
                }
        }
 

-       printf("Key NOT found!\n");
-       if (write_stats) {
-               fprintf(fstats, "0\n");
+       if (known_target_key != -1) {
+               printf("Key NOT found!\n");
+               if (write_stats)
+                       fprintf(fstats, "0\n");

        }
        crypto1_destroy(pcs);
        }
        crypto1_destroy(pcs);

+       return false;

 }
 
 }
 

-static void generate_candidates(uint16_t sum_a0, uint16_t sum_a8)
+static bool generate_candidates(uint16_t sum_a0, uint16_t sum_a8)

 {
        printf("Generating crypto1 state candidates... \n");
        
 {
        printf("Generating crypto1 state candidates... \n");
        


@@ -1277,30 +1302,34 @@ static void generate_candidates(uint16_t sum_a0, uint16_t sum_a8)
                        }
                }
        }
                        }
                }
        }

-       printf("Number of possible keys with Sum(a0) = %d: %"PRIu64" (2^%1.1f)\n", sum_a0, maximum_states, log(maximum_states)/log(2.0));
+
+       if (maximum_states == 0) return false; // prevent keyspace reduction error (2^-inf)
+
+       printf("Number of possible keys with Sum(a0) = %d: %"PRIu64" (2^%1.1f)\n", sum_a0, maximum_states, log(maximum_states)/log(2));

        
        init_statelist_cache();
        
        for (uint16_t p = 0; p <= 16; p += 2) {
                for (uint16_t q = 0; q <= 16; q += 2) {
                        if (p*(16-q) + (16-p)*q == sum_a0) {
        
        init_statelist_cache();
        
        for (uint16_t p = 0; p <= 16; p += 2) {
                for (uint16_t q = 0; q <= 16; q += 2) {
                        if (p*(16-q) + (16-p)*q == sum_a0) {

-                               printf("Reducing Partial Statelists (p,q) = (%d,%d) with lengths %d, %d\n", 
-                                               p, q, partial_statelist[p].len[ODD_STATE], partial_statelist[q].len[EVEN_STATE]);
+                               // printf("Reducing Partial Statelists (p,q) = (%d,%d) with lengths %d, %d\n", 
+                                               // p, q, partial_statelist[p].len[ODD_STATE], partial_statelist[q].len[EVEN_STATE]);

                                for (uint16_t r = 0; r <= 16; r += 2) {
                                        for (uint16_t s = 0; s <= 16; s += 2) {
                                                if (r*(16-s) + (16-r)*s == sum_a8) {
                                                        current_candidates = add_more_candidates(current_candidates);
                                for (uint16_t r = 0; r <= 16; r += 2) {
                                        for (uint16_t s = 0; s <= 16; s += 2) {
                                                if (r*(16-s) + (16-r)*s == sum_a8) {
                                                        current_candidates = add_more_candidates(current_candidates);

+                                                       if (current_candidates != NULL) {

                                                        // check for the smallest partial statelist. Try this first - it might give 0 candidates 
                                                        // and eliminate the need to calculate the other part
                                                        if (MIN(partial_statelist[p].len[ODD_STATE], partial_statelist[r].len[ODD_STATE]) 
                                                                        < MIN(partial_statelist[q].len[EVEN_STATE], partial_statelist[s].len[EVEN_STATE])) { 
                                                        // check for the smallest partial statelist. Try this first - it might give 0 candidates 
                                                        // and eliminate the need to calculate the other part
                                                        if (MIN(partial_statelist[p].len[ODD_STATE], partial_statelist[r].len[ODD_STATE]) 
                                                                        < MIN(partial_statelist[q].len[EVEN_STATE], partial_statelist[s].len[EVEN_STATE])) { 

-                                                       add_matching_states(current_candidates, p, r, ODD_STATE);
+                                                               add_matching_states(current_candidates, p, r, ODD_STATE);

                                                                if(current_candidates->len[ODD_STATE]) {
                                                                if(current_candidates->len[ODD_STATE]) {

-                                                       add_matching_states(current_candidates, q, s, EVEN_STATE);
+                                                                       add_matching_states(current_candidates, q, s, EVEN_STATE);

                                                                } else {
                                                                        current_candidates->len[EVEN_STATE] = 0;
                                                                        uint32_t *p = current_candidates->states[EVEN_STATE] = malloc(sizeof(uint32_t));
                                                                } else {
                                                                        current_candidates->len[EVEN_STATE] = 0;
                                                                        uint32_t *p = current_candidates->states[EVEN_STATE] = malloc(sizeof(uint32_t));

-                                                                       *p = 0xffffffff;
+                                                                       *p = END_OF_LIST_MARKER;

                                                                }
                                                        } else {
                                                                add_matching_states(current_candidates, q, s, EVEN_STATE);
                                                                }
                                                        } else {
                                                                add_matching_states(current_candidates, q, s, EVEN_STATE);


@@ -1309,7 +1338,7 @@ static void generate_candidates(uint16_t sum_a0, uint16_t sum_a8)
                                                                } else {
                                                                        current_candidates->len[ODD_STATE] = 0;
                                                                        uint32_t *p = current_candidates->states[ODD_STATE] = malloc(sizeof(uint32_t));
                                                                } else {
                                                                        current_candidates->len[ODD_STATE] = 0;
                                                                        uint32_t *p = current_candidates->states[ODD_STATE] = malloc(sizeof(uint32_t));

-                                                                       *p = 0xffffffff;
+                                                                       *p = END_OF_LIST_MARKER;

                                                                }
                                                        }
                                                        //printf("Odd  state candidates: %6d (2^%0.1f)\n", current_candidates->len[ODD_STATE], log(current_candidates->len[ODD_STATE])/log(2)); 
                                                                }
                                                        }
                                                        //printf("Odd  state candidates: %6d (2^%0.1f)\n", current_candidates->len[ODD_STATE], log(current_candidates->len[ODD_STATE])/log(2)); 


@@ -1320,23 +1349,27 @@ static void generate_candidates(uint16_t sum_a0, uint16_t sum_a8)
                        }
                }
        }                                       
                        }
                }
        }                                       

+       }                                       

 
 

-       

        maximum_states = 0;
        maximum_states = 0;

-       for (statelist_t *sl = candidates; sl != NULL; sl = sl->next) {
+       unsigned int n = 0;
+       for (statelist_t *sl = candidates; sl != NULL && n < MAX_BUCKETS; sl = sl->next, n++) {

                maximum_states += (uint64_t)sl->len[ODD_STATE] * sl->len[EVEN_STATE];
        }
                maximum_states += (uint64_t)sl->len[ODD_STATE] * sl->len[EVEN_STATE];
        }

-       printf("Number of remaining possible keys: %"PRIu64" (2^%1.1f)\n", maximum_states, log(maximum_states)/log(2.0));
+
+       if (maximum_states == 0) return false; // prevent keyspace reduction error (2^-inf)
+
+       float kcalc = log(maximum_states)/log(2);
+       printf("Number of remaining possible keys: %"PRIu64" (2^%1.1f)\n", maximum_states, kcalc);

        if (write_stats) {
        if (write_stats) {

-               if (maximum_states != 0) {
-                       fprintf(fstats, "%1.1f;", log(maximum_states)/log(2.0));
-               } else {
-                       fprintf(fstats, "%1.1f;", 0.0);
-               }
+               fprintf(fstats, "%1.1f;", (kcalc != 0) ? kcalc : 0.0);

        }
        }

+       if (kcalc < CRACKING_THRESHOLD) return true;
+
+       return false;

 }
 
 }
 

-static void    free_candidates_memory(statelist_t *sl)
+static void free_candidates_memory(statelist_t *sl)

 {
        if (sl == NULL) {
                return;
 {
        if (sl == NULL) {
                return;


@@ -1357,21 +1390,6 @@ static void free_statelist_cache(void)
        }               
 }
 
        }               
 }
 

-size_t keys_found = 0;
-size_t bucket_count = 0;
-statelist_t* buckets[128];
-size_t total_states_tested = 0;
-size_t thread_count = 4;
-
-// these bitsliced states will hold identical states in all slices
-bitslice_t bitsliced_rollback_byte[ROLLBACK_SIZE];
-
-// arrays of bitsliced states with identical values in all slices
-bitslice_t bitsliced_encrypted_nonces[NONCE_TESTS][STATE_SIZE];
-bitslice_t bitsliced_encrypted_parity_bits[NONCE_TESTS][ROLLBACK_SIZE];
-
-#define EXACT_COUNT
-

 static const uint64_t crack_states_bitsliced(statelist_t *p){
     // the idea to roll back the half-states before combining them was suggested/explained to me by bla
     // first we pre-bitslice all the even state bits and roll them back, then bitslice the odd bits and combine the two in the inner loop
 static const uint64_t crack_states_bitsliced(statelist_t *p){
     // the idea to roll back the half-states before combining them was suggested/explained to me by bla
     // first we pre-bitslice all the even state bits and roll them back, then bitslice the odd bits and combine the two in the inner loop


@@ -1399,7 +1417,11 @@ static const uint64_t crack_states_bitsliced(statelist_t *p){
                bitslice_t * restrict lstate_p = _aligned_malloc((STATE_SIZE+ROLLBACK_SIZE) * bSize, bSize);
        #endif
 #else
                bitslice_t * restrict lstate_p = _aligned_malloc((STATE_SIZE+ROLLBACK_SIZE) * bSize, bSize);
        #endif
 #else

+       #ifdef __APPLE__
+               bitslice_t * restrict lstate_p = malloc((STATE_SIZE+ROLLBACK_SIZE) * bSize);
+       #else

                bitslice_t * restrict lstate_p = memalign(bSize, (STATE_SIZE+ROLLBACK_SIZE) * bSize);
                bitslice_t * restrict lstate_p = memalign(bSize, (STATE_SIZE+ROLLBACK_SIZE) * bSize);

+       #endif

 #endif
 
                if ( !lstate_p )        {
 #endif
 
                if ( !lstate_p )        {


@@ -1456,16 +1478,12 @@ static const uint64_t crack_states_bitsliced(statelist_t *p){
         crypto1_bs_rewind_a0();
         // set odd bits
         for(size_t state_idx = 0; state_idx < STATE_SIZE-ROLLBACK_SIZE; o >>= 1, state_idx+=2){
         crypto1_bs_rewind_a0();
         // set odd bits
         for(size_t state_idx = 0; state_idx < STATE_SIZE-ROLLBACK_SIZE; o >>= 1, state_idx+=2){

-            if(o & 1){
-                state_p[state_idx] = bs_ones;
-            } else {
-                state_p[state_idx] = bs_zeroes;
-            }
+            state_p[state_idx] = (o & 1) ? bs_ones : bs_zeroes;

         }
         const bitslice_value_t odd_feedback = odd_feedback_bit ? bs_ones.value : bs_zeroes.value;
 
         for(size_t block_idx = 0; block_idx < bitsliced_blocks; ++block_idx){
         }
         const bitslice_value_t odd_feedback = odd_feedback_bit ? bs_ones.value : bs_zeroes.value;
 
         for(size_t block_idx = 0; block_idx < bitsliced_blocks; ++block_idx){

-            const bitslice_t const * restrict bitsliced_even_state = bitsliced_even_states[block_idx];
+            const bitslice_t * const restrict bitsliced_even_state = bitsliced_even_states[block_idx];

             size_t state_idx;
             // set even bits
             for(state_idx = 0; state_idx < STATE_SIZE-ROLLBACK_SIZE; state_idx+=2){
             size_t state_idx;
             // set even bits
             for(state_idx = 0; state_idx < STATE_SIZE-ROLLBACK_SIZE; state_idx+=2){


@@ -1490,7 +1508,7 @@ static const uint64_t crack_states_bitsliced(statelist_t *p){
             }
 
 #ifdef EXACT_COUNT
             }
 
 #ifdef EXACT_COUNT

-            bucket_states_tested += bucket_size[block_idx];
+            bucket_states_tested += (bucket_size[block_idx] > MAX_BITSLICES) ? MAX_BITSLICES : bucket_size[block_idx];

 #endif
             // pre-compute first keystream and feedback bit vectors
             const bitslice_value_t ksb = crypto1_bs_f20(state_p);
 #endif
             // pre-compute first keystream and feedback bit vectors
             const bitslice_value_t ksb = crypto1_bs_f20(state_p);


@@ -1601,16 +1619,25 @@ out:
 static void* crack_states_thread(void* x){
     const size_t thread_id = (size_t)x;
     size_t current_bucket = thread_id;
 static void* crack_states_thread(void* x){
     const size_t thread_id = (size_t)x;
     size_t current_bucket = thread_id;

+       statelist_t *bucket = NULL;
+

     while(current_bucket < bucket_count){
     while(current_bucket < bucket_count){

-        statelist_t * bucket = buckets[current_bucket];
-               if(bucket){
+               if (keys_found) break;
+
+               if ((bucket = buckets[current_bucket])) {

             const uint64_t key = crack_states_bitsliced(bucket);
             const uint64_t key = crack_states_bitsliced(bucket);

-            if(key != -1){
-                printf("\nFound key: %012"PRIx64"\n", key);
+
+                       if (keys_found) break;
+                       else if(key != -1) {
+                               if (TestIfKeyExists(key)) {

                 __sync_fetch_and_add(&keys_found, 1);
                 __sync_fetch_and_add(&keys_found, 1);

+                               __sync_fetch_and_add(&foundkey, key);
+                                       printf("*");
+                                       fflush(stdout);

                 break;
                 break;

-            } else if(keys_found){
-                break;
+                               }
+                               printf("!");
+                               fflush(stdout);

             } else {                           
                 printf(".");
                                fflush(stdout);
             } else {                           
                 printf(".");
                                fflush(stdout);


@@ -1621,69 +1648,79 @@ static void* crack_states_thread(void* x){
     return NULL;
 }
 
     return NULL;
 }
 

-static void brute_force(void)
-{
+static bool brute_force(void) {
+       bool ret = false;

        if (known_target_key != -1) {
                PrintAndLog("Looking for known target key in remaining key space...");
        if (known_target_key != -1) {
                PrintAndLog("Looking for known target key in remaining key space...");

-               TestIfKeyExists(known_target_key);
+               ret = TestIfKeyExists(known_target_key);

        } else {
        } else {

-        PrintAndLog("Brute force phase starting.");
-        time_t start, end;
-        time(&start);
-        keys_found = 0;
-
-        crypto1_bs_init();
-
-        PrintAndLog("Using %u-bit bitslices", MAX_BITSLICES);
-        PrintAndLog("Bitslicing best_first_byte^uid[3] (rollback byte): %02x...", best_first_bytes[0]^(cuid>>24));
-        // convert to 32 bit little-endian
-        crypto1_bs_bitslice_value32(rev32((best_first_bytes[0]^(cuid>>24))), bitsliced_rollback_byte, 8);
-
-        PrintAndLog("Bitslicing nonces...");
-        for(size_t tests = 0; tests < NONCE_TESTS; tests++){
-            uint32_t test_nonce = brute_force_nonces[tests]->nonce_enc;
-            uint8_t test_parity = brute_force_nonces[tests]->par_enc;
-            // pre-xor the uid into the decrypted nonces, and also pre-xor the cuid parity into the encrypted parity bits - otherwise an exta xor is required in the decryption routine
-            crypto1_bs_bitslice_value32(cuid^test_nonce, bitsliced_encrypted_nonces[tests], 32);
-            // convert to 32 bit little-endian
-            crypto1_bs_bitslice_value32(rev32( ~(test_parity ^ ~(parity(cuid>>24 & 0xff)<<3 | parity(cuid>>16 & 0xff)<<2 | parity(cuid>>8 & 0xff)<<1 | parity(cuid&0xff)))), bitsliced_encrypted_parity_bits[tests], 4);
-        }
-        total_states_tested = 0;
-
-        // count number of states to go
-        bucket_count = 0;
-        for (statelist_t *p = candidates; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
-            buckets[bucket_count] = p;
-            bucket_count++;
-        }
+               if (maximum_states == 0) return false; // prevent keyspace reduction error (2^-inf)
+
+               PrintAndLog("Brute force phase starting.");
+
+               clock_t time1 = clock();                
+               keys_found = 0;
+               foundkey = 0;
+
+               crypto1_bs_init();
+               memset (bitsliced_rollback_byte, 0, sizeof (bitsliced_rollback_byte));
+               memset (bitsliced_encrypted_nonces, 0, sizeof (bitsliced_encrypted_nonces));
+               memset (bitsliced_encrypted_parity_bits, 0, sizeof (bitsliced_encrypted_parity_bits));
+
+               PrintAndLog("Using %u-bit bitslices", MAX_BITSLICES);
+               PrintAndLog("Bitslicing best_first_byte^uid[3] (rollback byte): %02X ...", best_first_bytes[0]^(cuid>>24));
+               // convert to 32 bit little-endian
+               crypto1_bs_bitslice_value32((best_first_bytes[0]<<24)^cuid, bitsliced_rollback_byte, 8);
+
+               PrintAndLog("Bitslicing nonces...");
+               for(size_t tests = 0; tests < NONCE_TESTS; tests++){
+                       uint32_t test_nonce = brute_force_nonces[tests]->nonce_enc;
+                       uint8_t test_parity = brute_force_nonces[tests]->par_enc;
+                       // pre-xor the uid into the decrypted nonces, and also pre-xor the cuid parity into the encrypted parity bits - otherwise an exta xor is required in the decryption routine
+                       crypto1_bs_bitslice_value32(cuid^test_nonce, bitsliced_encrypted_nonces[tests], 32);
+                       // convert to 32 bit little-endian
+                       crypto1_bs_bitslice_value32(rev32( ~(test_parity ^ ~(parity(cuid>>24 & 0xff)<<3 | parity(cuid>>16 & 0xff)<<2 | parity(cuid>>8 & 0xff)<<1 | parity(cuid&0xff)))), bitsliced_encrypted_parity_bits[tests], 4);
+               }
+               total_states_tested = 0;
+
+               // count number of states to go
+               bucket_count = 0;
+               buckets[MAX_BUCKETS-1] = NULL;
+               for (statelist_t *p = candidates; p != NULL && bucket_count < MAX_BUCKETS; p = p->next) {
+                       buckets[bucket_count] = p;
+                       bucket_count++;
+               }
+               if (bucket_count < MAX_BUCKETS) buckets[bucket_count] = NULL;

 
 #ifndef __WIN32
 
 #ifndef __WIN32

-        thread_count = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
+               thread_count = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);

                if ( thread_count < 1)
                        thread_count = 1;
 #endif  /* _WIN32 */
                if ( thread_count < 1)
                        thread_count = 1;
 #endif  /* _WIN32 */

-        pthread_t threads[thread_count];
-               
-        // enumerate states using all hardware threads, each thread handles one bucket
-        PrintAndLog("Starting %u cracking threads to search %u buckets containing a total of %"PRIu32" states...", thread_count, bucket_count, maximum_states);
-               
-        for(size_t i = 0; i < thread_count; i++){
-            pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, crack_states_thread, (void*) i);
-        }
-        for(size_t i = 0; i < thread_count; i++){
-            pthread_join(threads[i], 0);
-        }

 
 

-        time(&end);
-        unsigned long elapsed_time = difftime(end, start);
-        if(keys_found){
-                       PrintAndLog("Success! Tested %"PRIu32" states, found %u keys after %u seconds", total_states_tested, keys_found, elapsed_time);
-        } else {
-                       PrintAndLog("Fail! Tested %"PRIu32" states, in %u seconds", total_states_tested, elapsed_time);
+               pthread_t threads[thread_count];
+
+               // enumerate states using all hardware threads, each thread handles one bucket
+               PrintAndLog("Starting %u cracking threads to search %u buckets containing a total of %"PRIu64" states...", thread_count, bucket_count, maximum_states);
+
+               for(size_t i = 0; i < thread_count; i++){
+                       pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, crack_states_thread, (void*) i);
+               }
+               for(size_t i = 0; i < thread_count; i++){
+                       pthread_join(threads[i], 0);

                }
                }

-        // reset this counter for the next call
-        nonces_to_bruteforce = 0;
+
+               time1 = clock() - time1;
+               PrintAndLog("\nTime for bruteforce %0.1f seconds.",((float)time1)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC);              
+               
+               if (keys_found) {
+                       PrintAndLog("\nFound key: %012"PRIx64"\n", foundkey);
+                       ret = true;
+               } 
+               // reset this counter for the next call
+               nonces_to_bruteforce = 0;

        }
        }

+       return ret;

 }
 
 int mfnestedhard(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t keyType, uint8_t *key, uint8_t trgBlockNo, uint8_t trgKeyType, uint8_t *trgkey, bool nonce_file_read, bool nonce_file_write, bool slow, int tests) 
 }
 
 int mfnestedhard(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t keyType, uint8_t *key, uint8_t trgBlockNo, uint8_t trgKeyType, uint8_t *trgkey, bool nonce_file_read, bool nonce_file_write, bool slow, int tests) 


@@ -1724,51 +1761,34 @@ int mfnestedhard(uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t keyType, uint8_t *key, uint8_t trgBloc
                        candidates = NULL;
                }
                fclose(fstats);
                        candidates = NULL;
                }
                fclose(fstats);

+               fstats = NULL;

        } else {
                init_nonce_memory();
        } else {
                init_nonce_memory();

-               if (nonce_file_read) {          // use pre-acquired data from file nonces.bin
+               if (nonce_file_read) { // use pre-acquired data from file nonces.bin

                        if (read_nonce_file() != 0) {
                                return 3;
                        }
                        Check_for_FilterFlipProperties();
                        num_good_first_bytes = MIN(estimate_second_byte_sum(), GOOD_BYTES_REQUIRED);
                        if (read_nonce_file() != 0) {
                                return 3;
                        }
                        Check_for_FilterFlipProperties();
                        num_good_first_bytes = MIN(estimate_second_byte_sum(), GOOD_BYTES_REQUIRED);

-               } else {                                        // acquire nonces.
+                       PrintAndLog("Number of first bytes with confidence > %2.1f%%: %d", CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD*100.0, num_good_first_bytes);
+
+                       bool cracking = generate_candidates(first_byte_Sum, nonces[best_first_bytes[0]].Sum8_guess);
+                       if (cracking || known_target_key != -1) {
+                               brute_force();
+                       }
+
+               } else { // acquire nonces.

                        uint16_t is_OK = acquire_nonces(blockNo, keyType, key, trgBlockNo, trgKeyType, nonce_file_write, slow);
                        if (is_OK != 0) {
                                return is_OK;
                        }
                }
 
                        uint16_t is_OK = acquire_nonces(blockNo, keyType, key, trgBlockNo, trgKeyType, nonce_file_write, slow);
                        if (is_OK != 0) {
                                return is_OK;
                        }
                }
 

-               Tests();
-
-               PrintAndLog("");
-               PrintAndLog("Sum(a0) = %d", first_byte_Sum);
-               // PrintAndLog("Best 10 first bytes: %02x, %02x, %02x, %02x, %02x, %02x, %02x, %02x, %02x, %02x",
-                       // best_first_bytes[0],
-                       // best_first_bytes[1],
-                       // best_first_bytes[2],
-                       // best_first_bytes[3],
-                       // best_first_bytes[4],
-                       // best_first_bytes[5],
-                       // best_first_bytes[6],
-                       // best_first_bytes[7],
-                       // best_first_bytes[8],
-                       // best_first_bytes[9]  );
-               PrintAndLog("Number of first bytes with confidence > %2.1f%%: %d", CONFIDENCE_THRESHOLD*100.0, num_good_first_bytes);
-
-               clock_t time1 = clock();
-               generate_candidates(first_byte_Sum, nonces[best_first_bytes[0]].Sum8_guess);
-               time1 = clock() - time1;
-               if ( time1 > 0 )
-                       PrintAndLog("Time for generating key candidates list: %1.0f seconds", ((float)time1)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
-       
-               brute_force();
+               //Tests();

                free_nonces_memory();
                free_statelist_cache();
                free_candidates_memory(candidates);
                candidates = NULL;
                free_nonces_memory();
                free_statelist_cache();
                free_candidates_memory(candidates);
                candidates = NULL;

-       }       
+       }

        return 0;
 }
        return 0;
 }

-
-