Mfp read plain (#704)

[proxmark3-svn] / client / cmdlfem4x.c

diff --git a/client/cmdlfem4x.c b/client/cmdlfem4x.c
index 1dfab39430704b191e18aeca498097665a06357a..cdaeb5ed282f30d5b10bc045d2d5beaf63a3cf51 100644 (file)
--- a/client/cmdlfem4x.c
+++ b/client/cmdlfem4x.c
@@ -8,24 +8,27 @@
 // Low frequency EM4x commands
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // Low frequency EM4x commands
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

+#include "cmdlfem4x.h"
+

 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>

-#include "cmdlfem4x.h"
-#include "proxmark3.h"
+#include "comms.h"

 #include "ui.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "ui.h"
 #include "util.h"

-#include "data.h"

 #include "graph.h"
 #include "cmdparser.h"
 #include "cmddata.h"
 #include "cmdlf.h"
 #include "cmdmain.h"
 #include "lfdemod.h"
 #include "graph.h"
 #include "cmdparser.h"
 #include "cmddata.h"
 #include "cmdlf.h"
 #include "cmdmain.h"
 #include "lfdemod.h"

+#include "protocols.h"
+#include "util_posix.h"

 
 uint64_t g_em410xId=0;
 
 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd);
 
 uint64_t g_em410xId=0;
 
 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd);

+void ConstructEM410xEmulGraph(const char *uid,const  uint8_t clock);

 
 int CmdEMdemodASK(const char *Cmd)
 {
 
 int CmdEMdemodASK(const char *Cmd)
 {


@@ -81,12 +84,12 @@ void printEM410x(uint32_t hi, uint64_t id)
                            (id2lo & 0x000000000f)
                        );
                        uint64_t paxton = (((id>>32) << 24) | (id & 0xffffff))  + 0x143e00;
                            (id2lo & 0x000000000f)
                        );
                        uint64_t paxton = (((id>>32) << 24) | (id & 0xffffff))  + 0x143e00;

-                       PrintAndLog("}\nOther          : %05" PRIu64 "_%03" PRIu64 "_%08" PRIu64 "",(id&0xFFFF),((id>>16LL) & 0xFF),(id & 0xFFFFFF));  
+                       PrintAndLog("}\nOther          : %05" PRIu64 "_%03" PRIu64 "_%08" PRIu64 "",(id&0xFFFF),((id>>16LL) & 0xFF),(id & 0xFFFFFF));

                        PrintAndLog("Pattern Paxton : %" PRIu64 " [0x%" PRIX64 "]", paxton, paxton);
 
                        uint32_t p1id = (id & 0xFFFFFF);
                        uint8_t arr[32] = {0x00};
                        PrintAndLog("Pattern Paxton : %" PRIu64 " [0x%" PRIX64 "]", paxton, paxton);
 
                        uint32_t p1id = (id & 0xFFFFFF);
                        uint8_t arr[32] = {0x00};

-                       int i =0; 
+                       int i =0;

                        int j = 23;
                        for (; i < 24; ++i, --j ){
                                arr[i] = (p1id >> i) & 1;
                        int j = 23;
                        for (; i < 24; ++i, --j ){
                                arr[i] = (p1id >> i) & 1;


@@ -98,12 +101,12 @@ void printEM410x(uint32_t hi, uint64_t id)
                        p1 |= arr[22] << 23;
                        p1 |= arr[21] << 20;
                        p1 |= arr[20] << 22;
                        p1 |= arr[22] << 23;
                        p1 |= arr[21] << 20;
                        p1 |= arr[20] << 22;

-                               
+

                        p1 |= arr[19] << 18;
                        p1 |= arr[18] << 16;
                        p1 |= arr[17] << 19;
                        p1 |= arr[16] << 17;
                        p1 |= arr[19] << 18;
                        p1 |= arr[18] << 16;
                        p1 |= arr[17] << 19;
                        p1 |= arr[16] << 17;

-                               
+

                        p1 |= arr[15] << 13;
                        p1 |= arr[14] << 15;
                        p1 |= arr[13] << 12;
                        p1 |= arr[15] << 13;
                        p1 |= arr[14] << 15;
                        p1 |= arr[13] << 12;


@@ -145,17 +148,20 @@ void printEM410x(uint32_t hi, uint64_t id)
 int AskEm410xDecode(bool verbose, uint32_t *hi, uint64_t *lo )
 {
        size_t idx = 0;
 int AskEm410xDecode(bool verbose, uint32_t *hi, uint64_t *lo )
 {
        size_t idx = 0;

-       size_t BitLen = DemodBufferLen;
-       uint8_t BitStream[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN]={0};
-       memcpy(BitStream, DemodBuffer, BitLen); 
-       if (Em410xDecode(BitStream, &BitLen, &idx, hi, lo)){
+       uint8_t BitStream[512]={0};
+       size_t BitLen = sizeof(BitStream);
+       if ( !getDemodBuf(BitStream, &BitLen) ) return 0;
+
+       if (Em410xDecode(BitStream, &BitLen, &idx, hi, lo)) {

                //set GraphBuffer for clone or sim command
                //set GraphBuffer for clone or sim command

-               setDemodBuf(BitStream, BitLen, idx);
-               if (g_debugMode){
+               setDemodBuf(DemodBuffer, (BitLen==40) ? 64 : 128, idx+1);
+               setClockGrid(g_DemodClock, g_DemodStartIdx + ((idx+1)*g_DemodClock));
+
+               if (g_debugMode) {

                        PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx, BitLen);
                        printDemodBuff();
                }
                        PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx, BitLen);
                        printDemodBuff();
                }

-               if (verbose){
+               if (verbose) {

                        PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: ");
                        printEM410x(*hi, *lo);
                        g_em410xId = *lo;
                        PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: ");
                        printEM410x(*hi, *lo);
                        g_em410xId = *lo;


@@ -212,11 +218,54 @@ int usage_lf_em410x_sim(void) {
        return 0;
 }
 
        return 0;
 }
 

-// emulate an EM410X tag
-int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
+// Construct the graph for emulating an EM410X tag
+void ConstructEM410xEmulGraph(const char *uid,const  uint8_t clock)

 {
        int i, n, j, binary[4], parity[4];
 {
        int i, n, j, binary[4], parity[4];

+       /* clear our graph */
+       ClearGraph(0);
+
+       /* write 9 start bits */
+       for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, 1);
+
+       /* for each hex char */
+       parity[0] = parity[1] = parity[2] = parity[3] = 0;
+       for (i = 0; i < 10; i++){
+               /* read each hex char */
+               sscanf(&uid[i], "%1x", &n);
+               for (j = 3; j >= 0; j--, n/= 2)
+                       binary[j] = n % 2;
+
+               /* append each bit */
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0]);
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[1]);
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[2]);
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[3]);
+
+               /* append parity bit */
+               AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0] ^ binary[1] ^ binary[2] ^ binary[3]);
+
+               /* keep track of column parity */
+               parity[0] ^= binary[0];
+               parity[1] ^= binary[1];
+               parity[2] ^= binary[2];
+               parity[3] ^= binary[3];
+       }
+
+       /* parity columns */
+       AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[0]);
+       AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[1]);
+       AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[2]);
+       AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[3]);

 
 

+       /* stop bit */
+       AppendGraph(1, clock, 0);
+}
+
+// emulate an EM410X tag
+int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
+{

        char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
        uint8_t uid[5] = {0x00};
 
        char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
        uint8_t uid[5] = {0x00};
 


@@ -231,61 +280,153 @@ int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
        param_getdec(Cmd,1, &clock);
 
        PrintAndLog("Starting simulating UID %02X%02X%02X%02X%02X  clock: %d", uid[0],uid[1],uid[2],uid[3],uid[4],clock);
        param_getdec(Cmd,1, &clock);
 
        PrintAndLog("Starting simulating UID %02X%02X%02X%02X%02X  clock: %d", uid[0],uid[1],uid[2],uid[3],uid[4],clock);

-       PrintAndLog("Press pm3-button to about simulation");
+       PrintAndLog("Press pm3-button to abort simulation");

 
 

+       ConstructEM410xEmulGraph(Cmd, clock);
+       
+       CmdLFSim("0"); //240 start_gap.
+       return 0;
+}

 
 

-       /* clear our graph */
-       ClearGraph(0);
+int usage_lf_em410x_brute(void) {
+       PrintAndLog("Bruteforcing by emulating EM410x tag");
+       PrintAndLog("");
+       PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em 410xbrute [h] ids.txt [d 2000] [c clock]");
+       PrintAndLog("Options:");
+       PrintAndLog("       h             - this help");
+       PrintAndLog("       ids.txt       - file with UIDs in HEX format, one per line");
+       PrintAndLog("       d (2000)      - pause delay in milliseconds between UIDs simulation, default 1000 ms (optional)");
+       PrintAndLog("       c (32)        - clock (32|64), default 64 (optional)");
+       PrintAndLog("samples:");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 410xbrute ids.txt");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 410xbrute ids.txt c 32");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 410xbrute ids.txt d 3000");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 410xbrute ids.txt d 3000 c 32");
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int CmdEM410xBrute(const char *Cmd)
+{
+       char filename[FILE_PATH_SIZE]={0};
+       FILE *f = NULL;
+       char buf[11];
+       uint32_t uidcnt = 0;
+       uint8_t stUidBlock = 20;
+       uint8_t *uidBlock = NULL, *p = NULL;
+       int ch;
+       uint8_t uid[5] = {0x00};
+       /* clock is 64 in EM410x tags */
+       uint8_t clock = 64;
+       /* default pause time: 1 second */
+       uint32_t delay = 1000;
+       
+       char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
+       
+       if (cmdp == 'h' || cmdp == 'H') return usage_lf_em410x_brute();
+       
+
+       cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 1);
+       
+       if (cmdp == 'd' || cmdp == 'D') {
+               delay = param_get32ex(Cmd, 2, 1000, 10);
+               param_getdec(Cmd, 4, &clock);
+       } else if (cmdp == 'c' || cmdp == 'C') {
+               param_getdec(Cmd, 2, &clock);
+               delay = param_get32ex(Cmd, 4, 1000, 10);
+       }

 
 

-               /* write 9 start bits */
-               for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, 1);
+       param_getstr(Cmd, 0, filename, sizeof(filename));
+       
+       uidBlock = calloc(stUidBlock, 5);
+       if (uidBlock == NULL) return 1;

 
 

-               /* for each hex char */
-               parity[0] = parity[1] = parity[2] = parity[3] = 0;
-               for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-               {
-                       /* read each hex char */
-                       sscanf(&Cmd[i], "%1x", &n);
-                       for (j = 3; j >= 0; j--, n/= 2)
-                               binary[j] = n % 2;
-
-                       /* append each bit */
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0]);
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[1]);
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[2]);
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[3]);
-
-                       /* append parity bit */
-                       AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0] ^ binary[1] ^ binary[2] ^ binary[3]);
-
-                       /* keep track of column parity */
-                       parity[0] ^= binary[0];
-                       parity[1] ^= binary[1];
-                       parity[2] ^= binary[2];
-                       parity[3] ^= binary[3];
+       if (strlen(filename) > 0) {
+               if ((f = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
+                       PrintAndLog("Error: Could not open UIDs file [%s]",filename);
+                       free(uidBlock);
+                       return 1;

                }
                }

+       } else {
+               PrintAndLog("Error: Please specify a filename");
+               free(uidBlock);
+               return 1;
+       }

 
 

-               /* parity columns */
-               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[0]);
-               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[1]);
-               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[2]);
-               AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[3]);
+       while( fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f) ) {
+               if (strlen(buf) < 10 || buf[9] == '\n') continue;
+               while (fgetc(f) != '\n' && !feof(f));  //goto next line

 
 

-               /* stop bit */
-       AppendGraph(1, clock, 0);
- 
-       CmdLFSim("0"); //240 start_gap.
+               //The line start with # is comment, skip
+               if( buf[0]=='#' ) continue;
+               
+               if (param_gethex(buf, 0, uid, 10)) {
+                       PrintAndLog("UIDs must include 10 HEX symbols");
+                       free(uidBlock);
+                       fclose(f);
+                       return 1;
+               }
+               
+               buf[10] = 0;
+               
+               if ( stUidBlock - uidcnt < 2) {
+                               p = realloc(uidBlock, 5*(stUidBlock+=10));
+                               if (!p) {
+                                       PrintAndLog("Cannot allocate memory for UIDs");
+                                       free(uidBlock);
+                                       fclose(f);
+                                       return 1;
+                               }
+                               uidBlock = p;
+               }
+               memset(uidBlock + 5 * uidcnt, 0, 5);
+               num_to_bytes(strtoll(buf, NULL, 16), 5, uidBlock + 5*uidcnt);
+               uidcnt++;
+               memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+       }
+       fclose(f);
+       
+       if (uidcnt == 0) {
+               PrintAndLog("No UIDs found in file");
+               free(uidBlock);
+               return 1;
+       }
+       PrintAndLog("Loaded %d UIDs from %s, pause delay: %d ms", uidcnt, filename, delay);
+       
+       // loop
+       for(uint32_t c = 0; c < uidcnt; ++c ) {
+               char testuid[11];
+               testuid[10] = 0;
+               
+               if (ukbhit()) {
+                       ch = getchar();
+                       (void)ch;
+                       printf("\nAborted via keyboard!\n");
+                       free(uidBlock);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+                               
+               sprintf(testuid, "%010" PRIX64, bytes_to_num(uidBlock + 5*c, 5));
+               PrintAndLog("Bruteforce %d / %d: simulating UID  %s, clock %d", c + 1, uidcnt, testuid, clock);
+               
+               ConstructEM410xEmulGraph(testuid, clock);
+               
+               CmdLFSim("0"); //240 start_gap.
+
+               msleep(delay);
+       }
+       
+       free(uidBlock);

        return 0;
 }
 
        return 0;
 }
 

+

 /* Function is equivalent of lf read + data samples + em410xread
 /* Function is equivalent of lf read + data samples + em410xread

- * looped until an EM410x tag is detected 
- * 
+ * looped until an EM410x tag is detected
+ *

  * Why is CmdSamples("16000")?
  *  TBD: Auto-grow sample size based on detected sample rate.  IE: If the
  *       rate gets lower, then grow the number of samples
  * Why is CmdSamples("16000")?
  *  TBD: Auto-grow sample size based on detected sample rate.  IE: If the
  *       rate gets lower, then grow the number of samples

- *  Changed by martin, 4000 x 4 = 16000, 
+ *  Changed by martin, 4000 x 4 = 16000,

  *  see http://www.proxmark.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=7235#p7235
  *
  *  EDIT -- capture enough to get 2 complete preambles at the slowest data rate known to be used (rf/64) (64*64*2+9 = 8201)    marshmellow
  *  see http://www.proxmark.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=7235#p7235
  *
  *  EDIT -- capture enough to get 2 complete preambles at the slowest data rate known to be used (rf/64) (64*64*2+9 = 8201)    marshmellow


@@ -297,9 +438,7 @@ int CmdEM410xWatch(const char *Cmd)
                        printf("\naborted via keyboard!\n");
                        break;
                }
                        printf("\naborted via keyboard!\n");
                        break;
                }

-               
-               CmdLFRead("s");
-               getSamples("8201",true); 
+               lf_read(true, 8201);

        } while (!CmdAskEM410xDemod(""));
 
        return 0;
        } while (!CmdAskEM410xDemod(""));
 
        return 0;


@@ -456,7 +595,7 @@ uint32_t OutputEM4x50_Block(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, bool verbose, bool
 int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
 {
        uint8_t fndClk[] = {8,16,32,40,50,64,128};
 int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
 {
        uint8_t fndClk[] = {8,16,32,40,50,64,128};

-       int clk = 0; 
+       int clk = 0;

        int invert = 0;
        int tol = 0;
        int i, j, startblock, skip, block, start, end, low, high, minClk;
        int invert = 0;
        int tol = 0;
        int i, j, startblock, skip, block, start, end, low, high, minClk;


@@ -467,13 +606,10 @@ int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
        char tmp2[20];
        int phaseoff;
        high = low = 0;
        char tmp2[20];
        int phaseoff;
        high = low = 0;

-       memset(tmpbuff, 0, MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64);
+       memset(tmpbuff, 0, sizeof(tmpbuff));

 
        // get user entry if any
        sscanf(Cmd, "%i %i", &clk, &invert);
 
        // get user entry if any
        sscanf(Cmd, "%i %i", &clk, &invert);

-       
-       // save GraphBuffer - to restore it later       
-       save_restoreGB(1);

 
        // first get high and low values
        for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++) {
 
        // first get high and low values
        for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++) {


@@ -515,7 +651,7 @@ int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
        if (!clk) {
                for (uint8_t clkCnt = 0; clkCnt<7; clkCnt++) {
                        tol = fndClk[clkCnt]/8;
        if (!clk) {
                for (uint8_t clkCnt = 0; clkCnt<7; clkCnt++) {
                        tol = fndClk[clkCnt]/8;

-                       if (minClk >= fndClk[clkCnt]-tol && minClk <= fndClk[clkCnt]+1) { 
+                       if (minClk >= fndClk[clkCnt]-tol && minClk <= fndClk[clkCnt]+1) {

                                clk=fndClk[clkCnt];
                                break;
                        }
                                clk=fndClk[clkCnt];
                                break;
                        }


@@ -540,7 +676,7 @@ int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
 
        // skip over the remainder of LW
        skip += tmpbuff[i+1] + tmpbuff[i+2] + clk;
 
        // skip over the remainder of LW
        skip += tmpbuff[i+1] + tmpbuff[i+2] + clk;

-       if (tmpbuff[i+3]>clk) 
+       if (tmpbuff[i+3]>clk)

                phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+3]-clk;
        else
                phaseoff = 0;
                phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+3]-clk;
        else
                phaseoff = 0;


@@ -571,7 +707,9 @@ int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
        } else if (start < 0) return 0;
        start = skip;
        snprintf(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2),"%d %d 1000 %d", clk, invert, clk*47);
        } else if (start < 0) return 0;
        start = skip;
        snprintf(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2),"%d %d 1000 %d", clk, invert, clk*47);

-       // get rid of leading crap 
+       // save GraphBuffer - to restore it later
+       save_restoreGB(GRAPH_SAVE);
+       // get rid of leading crap

        snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%i", skip);
        CmdLtrim(tmp);
        bool pTest;
        snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%i", skip);
        CmdLtrim(tmp);
        bool pTest;


@@ -582,7 +720,7 @@ int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
        while (block < 6) {
                if (verbose || g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nBlock %i:", block);
                skip = phaseoff;
        while (block < 6) {
                if (verbose || g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nBlock %i:", block);
                skip = phaseoff;

-               
+

                // look for LW before start of next block
                for ( ; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
                        skip += tmpbuff[i];
                // look for LW before start of next block
                for ( ; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
                        skip += tmpbuff[i];


@@ -598,13 +736,13 @@ int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
                        phaseoff = 0;
                i += 2;
                if (ASKDemod(tmp2, false, false, 1) < 1) {
                        phaseoff = 0;
                i += 2;
                if (ASKDemod(tmp2, false, false, 1) < 1) {

-                       save_restoreGB(0);
+                       save_restoreGB(GRAPH_RESTORE);

                        return 0;
                }
                //set DemodBufferLen to just one block
                DemodBufferLen = skip/clk;
                //test parities
                        return 0;
                }
                //set DemodBufferLen to just one block
                DemodBufferLen = skip/clk;
                //test parities

-               pTest = EM_ByteParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);    
+               pTest = EM_ByteParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);

                pTest &= EM_EndParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);
                AllPTest &= pTest;
                //get output
                pTest &= EM_EndParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);
                AllPTest &= pTest;
                //get output


@@ -623,7 +761,7 @@ int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
                        PrintAndLog("Partial data - no end found!");
                        PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
                }
                        PrintAndLog("Partial data - no end found!");
                        PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
                }

-               PrintAndLog("Found data at sample: %i - using clock: %i", start, clk);    
+               PrintAndLog("Found data at sample: %i - using clock: %i", start, clk);

                end = block;
                for (block=0; block < end; block++){
                        PrintAndLog("Block %d: %08x",block,Code[block]);
                end = block;
                for (block=0; block < end; block++){
                        PrintAndLog("Block %d: %08x",block,Code[block]);


@@ -637,7 +775,7 @@ int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
        }
 
        //restore GraphBuffer
        }
 
        //restore GraphBuffer

-       save_restoreGB(0);
+       save_restoreGB(GRAPH_RESTORE);

        return (int)AllPTest;
 }
 
        return (int)AllPTest;
 }
 


@@ -665,9 +803,8 @@ int usage_lf_em_read(void) {
 // download samples from device and copy them to the Graphbuffer
 bool downloadSamplesEM() {
        // 8 bit preamble + 32 bit word response (max clock (128) * 40bits = 5120 samples)
 // download samples from device and copy them to the Graphbuffer
 bool downloadSamplesEM() {
        // 8 bit preamble + 32 bit word response (max clock (128) * 40bits = 5120 samples)

-       uint8_t got[6000]; 
-       GetFromBigBuf(got, sizeof(got), 0);
-       if ( !WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, NULL, 4000) ) {
+       uint8_t got[6000];
+       if (!GetFromBigBuf(got, sizeof(got), 0, NULL, 4000, true)) {

                PrintAndLog("command execution time out");
                return false;
        }
                PrintAndLog("command execution time out");
                return false;
        }


@@ -697,18 +834,20 @@ bool EM4x05testDemodReadData(uint32_t *word, bool readCmd) {
                        return false;
                }
                // test for even parity bits and remove them. (leave out the end row of parities so 36 bits)
                        return false;
                }
                // test for even parity bits and remove them. (leave out the end row of parities so 36 bits)

-               if ( removeParity(DemodBuffer, startIdx + sizeof(preamble),9,0,36) == 0 ) {             
+               if ( removeParity(DemodBuffer, startIdx + sizeof(preamble),9,0,36) == 0 ) {

                        if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - Parity not detected");
                        return false;
                }
 
                setDemodBuf(DemodBuffer, 32, 0);
                        if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - Parity not detected");
                        return false;
                }
 
                setDemodBuf(DemodBuffer, 32, 0);

+               //setClockGrid(0,0);
+

                *word = bytebits_to_byteLSBF(DemodBuffer, 32);
        }
        return true;
 }
 
                *word = bytebits_to_byteLSBF(DemodBuffer, 32);
        }
        return true;
 }
 

-// FSK, PSK, ASK/MANCHESTER, ASK/BIPHASE, ASK/DIPHASE 
+// FSK, PSK, ASK/MANCHESTER, ASK/BIPHASE, ASK/DIPHASE

 // should cover 90% of known used configs
 // the rest will need to be manually demoded for now...
 int demodEM4x05resp(uint32_t *word, bool readCmd) {
 // should cover 90% of known used configs
 // the rest will need to be manually demoded for now...
 int demodEM4x05resp(uint32_t *word, bool readCmd) {


@@ -775,7 +914,7 @@ int demodEM4x05resp(uint32_t *word, bool readCmd) {
 
        //try biphase
        ans = ASKbiphaseDemod("0 0 1", false);
 
        //try biphase
        ans = ASKbiphaseDemod("0 0 1", false);

-       if (!ans) { 
+       if (!ans) {

                if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: ASK/biphase Demod failed, ans: %d", ans);
        } else {
                if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {
                if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: ASK/biphase Demod failed, ans: %d", ans);
        } else {
                if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {


@@ -785,7 +924,7 @@ int demodEM4x05resp(uint32_t *word, bool readCmd) {
 
        //try diphase (differential biphase or inverted)
        ans = ASKbiphaseDemod("0 1 1", false);
 
        //try diphase (differential biphase or inverted)
        ans = ASKbiphaseDemod("0 1 1", false);

-       if (!ans) { 
+       if (!ans) {

                if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: ASK/biphase Demod failed, ans: %d", ans);
        } else {
                if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {
                if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - EM4305: ASK/biphase Demod failed, ans: %d", ans);
        } else {
                if (EM4x05testDemodReadData(word, readCmd)) {


@@ -800,7 +939,7 @@ int EM4x05ReadWord_ext(uint8_t addr, uint32_t pwd, bool usePwd, uint32_t *wordDa
        UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD, {addr, pwd, usePwd}};
        clearCommandBuffer();
        SendCommand(&c);
        UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD, {addr, pwd, usePwd}};
        clearCommandBuffer();
        SendCommand(&c);

-       UsbCommand resp;        
+       UsbCommand resp;

        if (!WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, &resp, 2500)){
                PrintAndLog("Command timed out");
                return -1;
        if (!WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK, &resp, 2500)){
                PrintAndLog("Command timed out");
                return -1;


@@ -810,7 +949,6 @@ int EM4x05ReadWord_ext(uint8_t addr, uint32_t pwd, bool usePwd, uint32_t *wordDa
        }
        int testLen = (GraphTraceLen < 1000) ? GraphTraceLen : 1000;
        if (graphJustNoise(GraphBuffer, testLen)) {
        }
        int testLen = (GraphTraceLen < 1000) ? GraphTraceLen : 1000;
        if (graphJustNoise(GraphBuffer, testLen)) {

-               PrintAndLog("no tag not found");

                return -1;
        }
        //attempt demod:
                return -1;
        }
        //attempt demod:


@@ -838,7 +976,7 @@ int CmdEM4x05ReadWord(const char *Cmd) {
        addr = param_get8ex(Cmd, 0, 50, 10);
        // for now use default input of 1 as invalid (unlikely 1 will be a valid password...)
        pwd =  param_get32ex(Cmd, 1, 1, 16);
        addr = param_get8ex(Cmd, 0, 50, 10);
        // for now use default input of 1 as invalid (unlikely 1 will be a valid password...)
        pwd =  param_get32ex(Cmd, 1, 1, 16);

-       
+

        if ( (addr > 15) ) {
                PrintAndLog("Address must be between 0 and 15");
                return 1;
        if ( (addr > 15) ) {
                PrintAndLog("Address must be between 0 and 15");
                return 1;


@@ -875,7 +1013,7 @@ int CmdEM4x05dump(const char *Cmd) {
 
        // for now use default input of 1 as invalid (unlikely 1 will be a valid password...)
        pwd = param_get32ex(Cmd, 0, 1, 16);
 
        // for now use default input of 1 as invalid (unlikely 1 will be a valid password...)
        pwd = param_get32ex(Cmd, 0, 1, 16);

-       
+

        if ( pwd != 1 ) {
                usePwd = true;
        }
        if ( pwd != 1 ) {
                usePwd = true;
        }


@@ -899,47 +1037,35 @@ int CmdEM4x05dump(const char *Cmd) {
 int usage_lf_em_write(void) {
        PrintAndLog("Write EM4x05/EM4x69.  Tag must be on antenna. ");
        PrintAndLog("");
 int usage_lf_em_write(void) {
        PrintAndLog("Write EM4x05/EM4x69.  Tag must be on antenna. ");
        PrintAndLog("");

-       PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em 4x05writeword [h] [s] <address> <data> <pwd>");
+       PrintAndLog("Usage:  lf em 4x05writeword [h] a <address> d <data> p <pwd> [s] [i]");

        PrintAndLog("Options:");
        PrintAndLog("Options:");

-       PrintAndLog("       h         - this help");
-       PrintAndLog("       s         - swap data bit order before write");
-       PrintAndLog("       address   - memory address to write to. (0-15)");
-       PrintAndLog("       data      - data to write (hex)");  
-       PrintAndLog("       pwd       - password (hex) (optional)");
+       PrintAndLog("       h           - this help");
+       PrintAndLog("       a <address> - memory address to write to. (0-15)");
+       PrintAndLog("       d <data>    - data to write (hex)");
+       PrintAndLog("       p <pwd>     - password (hex) (optional)");
+       PrintAndLog("       s           - swap the data bit order before write");
+       PrintAndLog("       i           - invert the data bits before write");

        PrintAndLog("samples:");
        PrintAndLog("samples:");

-       PrintAndLog("      lf em 4x05writeword 1");
-       PrintAndLog("      lf em 4x05writeword 1 deadc0de 11223344");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 4x05writeword a 5 d 11223344");
+       PrintAndLog("      lf em 4x05writeword a 5 p deadc0de d 11223344 s i");

        return 0;
 }
 
        return 0;
 }
 

-int CmdEM4x05WriteWord(const char *Cmd) {
-       uint8_t ctmp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
-       if ( strlen(Cmd) == 0 || ctmp == 'H' || ctmp == 'h' ) return usage_lf_em_write();
-
-       bool usePwd = false;
-
-       uint8_t addr = 16; // default to invalid address
-       uint32_t data = 0xFFFFFFFF; // default to blank data
-       uint32_t pwd = 0xFFFFFFFF; // default to blank password
-       char swap = 0;
-
-       int p = 0;
-       swap = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
-       if (swap == 's' || swap=='S') p++;
-       addr = param_get8ex(Cmd, p++, 16, 10);
-       data = param_get32ex(Cmd, p++, 0, 16);
-       pwd  = param_get32ex(Cmd, p++, 1, 16);
+// note: em4x05 doesn't have a way to invert data output so we must invert the data prior to writing
+//         it if invertion is needed. (example FSK2a vs FSK)
+//       also em4x05 requires swapping word data when compared to the data used for t55xx chips.
+int EM4x05WriteWord(uint8_t addr, uint32_t data, uint32_t pwd, bool usePwd, bool swap, bool invert) {
+       if (swap) data = SwapBits(data, 32);

 
 

-       if (swap == 's' || swap=='S') data = SwapBits(data, 32);
+       if (invert) data ^= 0xFFFFFFFF;

 
        if ( (addr > 15) ) {
                PrintAndLog("Address must be between 0 and 15");
 
        if ( (addr > 15) ) {
                PrintAndLog("Address must be between 0 and 15");

-               return 1;
+               return -1;

        }
        }

-       if ( pwd == 1 )
-               PrintAndLog("Writing address %d data %08X", addr, data);        
-       else {
-               usePwd = true;
+       if ( !usePwd ) {
+               PrintAndLog("Writing address %d data %08X", addr, data);
+       } else {

                PrintAndLog("Writing address %d data %08X using password %08X", addr, data, pwd);
        }
 
                PrintAndLog("Writing address %d data %08X using password %08X", addr, data, pwd);
        }
 


@@ -968,8 +1094,75 @@ int CmdEM4x05WriteWord(const char *Cmd) {
        return result;
 }
 
        return result;
 }
 

+int CmdEM4x05WriteWord(const char *Cmd) {
+       bool errors = false;
+       bool usePwd = false;
+       uint32_t data = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+       uint32_t pwd = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+       bool swap = false;
+       bool invert = false;
+       uint8_t addr = 16; // default to invalid address
+       bool gotData = false;
+       char cmdp = 0;
+       while(param_getchar(Cmd, cmdp) != 0x00)
+       {
+               switch(param_getchar(Cmd, cmdp))
+               {
+               case 'h':
+               case 'H':
+                       return usage_lf_em_write();
+               case 'a':
+               case 'A':
+                       addr = param_get8ex(Cmd, cmdp+1, 16, 10);
+                       cmdp += 2;
+                       break;
+               case 'd':
+               case 'D':
+                       data = param_get32ex(Cmd, cmdp+1, 0, 16);
+                       gotData = true;
+                       cmdp += 2;
+                       break;
+               case 'i':
+               case 'I':
+                       invert = true;
+                       cmdp++;
+                       break;
+               case 'p':
+               case 'P':
+                       pwd = param_get32ex(Cmd, cmdp+1, 1, 16);
+                       if (pwd == 1) {
+                               PrintAndLog("invalid pwd");
+                               errors = true;
+                       }
+                       usePwd = true;
+                       cmdp += 2;
+                       break;
+               case 's':
+               case 'S':
+                       swap = true;
+                       cmdp++;
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       PrintAndLog("Unknown parameter '%c'", param_getchar(Cmd, cmdp));
+                       errors = true;
+                       break;
+               }
+               if(errors) break;
+       }
+       //Validations
+       if(errors) return usage_lf_em_write();
+
+       if ( strlen(Cmd) == 0 ) return usage_lf_em_write();
+
+       if (!gotData) {
+               PrintAndLog("You must enter the data you want to write");
+               return usage_lf_em_write();
+       }
+       return EM4x05WriteWord(addr, data, pwd, usePwd, swap, invert);
+}
+

 void printEM4x05config(uint32_t wordData) {
 void printEM4x05config(uint32_t wordData) {

-       uint16_t datarate = (((wordData & 0x3F)+1)*2);
+       uint16_t datarate = EM4x05_GET_BITRATE(wordData);

        uint8_t encoder = ((wordData >> 6) & 0xF);
        char enc[14];
        memset(enc,0,sizeof(enc));
        uint8_t encoder = ((wordData >> 6) & 0xF);
        char enc[14];
        memset(enc,0,sizeof(enc));


@@ -980,8 +1173,8 @@ void printEM4x05config(uint32_t wordData) {
        uint8_t delay = (wordData >> 12) & 0x3;
        char cdelay[33];
        memset(cdelay,0,sizeof(cdelay));
        uint8_t delay = (wordData >> 12) & 0x3;
        char cdelay[33];
        memset(cdelay,0,sizeof(cdelay));

-       uint8_t LWR = (wordData >> 14) & 0xF; //last word read
-
+       uint8_t numblks = EM4x05_GET_NUM_BLOCKS(wordData);
+       uint8_t LWR = numblks+5-1; //last word read

        switch (encoder) {
                case 0: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"NRZ"); break;
                case 1: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"Manchester"); break;
        switch (encoder) {
                case 0: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"NRZ"); break;
                case 1: snprintf(enc,sizeof(enc),"Manchester"); break;


@@ -1009,21 +1202,29 @@ void printEM4x05config(uint32_t wordData) {
                case 2: snprintf(cdelay, sizeof(cdelay),"BP/4 or 1/4th bit period delay"); break;
                case 3: snprintf(cdelay, sizeof(cdelay),"no delay"); break;
        }
                case 2: snprintf(cdelay, sizeof(cdelay),"BP/4 or 1/4th bit period delay"); break;
                case 3: snprintf(cdelay, sizeof(cdelay),"no delay"); break;
        }

+       uint8_t readLogin = (wordData & EM4x05_READ_LOGIN_REQ)>>18;
+       uint8_t readHKL = (wordData & EM4x05_READ_HK_LOGIN_REQ)>>19;
+       uint8_t writeLogin = (wordData & EM4x05_WRITE_LOGIN_REQ)>>20;
+       uint8_t writeHKL = (wordData & EM4x05_WRITE_HK_LOGIN_REQ)>>21;
+       uint8_t raw = (wordData & EM4x05_READ_AFTER_WRITE)>>22;
+       uint8_t disable = (wordData & EM4x05_DISABLE_ALLOWED)>>23;
+       uint8_t rtf = (wordData & EM4x05_READER_TALK_FIRST)>>24;
+       uint8_t pigeon = (wordData & (1<<26))>>26;

        PrintAndLog("ConfigWord: %08X (Word 4)\n", wordData);
        PrintAndLog("ConfigWord: %08X (Word 4)\n", wordData);

-       PrintAndLog("Config Breakdown:", wordData);
+       PrintAndLog("Config Breakdown:");

        PrintAndLog(" Data Rate:  %02u | RF/%u", wordData & 0x3F, datarate);
        PrintAndLog("   Encoder:   %u | %s", encoder, enc);
        PrintAndLog("    PSK CF:   %u | %s", PSKcf, cf);
        PrintAndLog("     Delay:   %u | %s", delay, cdelay);
        PrintAndLog(" Data Rate:  %02u | RF/%u", wordData & 0x3F, datarate);
        PrintAndLog("   Encoder:   %u | %s", encoder, enc);
        PrintAndLog("    PSK CF:   %u | %s", PSKcf, cf);
        PrintAndLog("     Delay:   %u | %s", delay, cdelay);

-       PrintAndLog(" LastWordR:  %02u | Address of last word for default read", LWR);
-       PrintAndLog(" ReadLogin:   %u | Read Login is %s", (wordData & 0x40000)>>18, (wordData & 0x40000) ? "Required" : "Not Required");       
-       PrintAndLog("   ReadHKL:   %u | Read Housekeeping Words Login is %s", (wordData & 0x80000)>>19, (wordData & 0x80000) ? "Required" : "Not Required");    
-       PrintAndLog("WriteLogin:   %u | Write Login is %s", (wordData & 0x100000)>>20, (wordData & 0x100000) ? "Required" : "Not Required");    
-       PrintAndLog("  WriteHKL:   %u | Write Housekeeping Words Login is %s", (wordData & 0x200000)>>21, (wordData & 0x200000) ? "Required" : "Not Required"); 
-       PrintAndLog("    R.A.W.:   %u | Read After Write is %s", (wordData & 0x400000)>>22, (wordData & 0x400000) ? "On" : "Off");
-       PrintAndLog("   Disable:   %u | Disable Command is %s", (wordData & 0x800000)>>23, (wordData & 0x800000) ? "Accepted" : "Not Accepted");
-       PrintAndLog("    R.T.F.:   %u | Reader Talk First is %s", (wordData & 0x1000000)>>24, (wordData & 0x1000000) ? "Enabled" : "Disabled");
-       PrintAndLog("    Pigeon:   %u | Pigeon Mode is %s\n", (wordData & 0x4000000)>>26, (wordData & 0x4000000) ? "Enabled" : "Disabled");
+       PrintAndLog(" LastWordR:  %02u | Address of last word for default read - meaning %u blocks are output", LWR, numblks);
+       PrintAndLog(" ReadLogin:   %u | Read Login is %s", readLogin, readLogin ? "Required" : "Not Required");
+       PrintAndLog("   ReadHKL:   %u | Read Housekeeping Words Login is %s", readHKL, readHKL ? "Required" : "Not Required");
+       PrintAndLog("WriteLogin:   %u | Write Login is %s", writeLogin, writeLogin ? "Required" : "Not Required");
+       PrintAndLog("  WriteHKL:   %u | Write Housekeeping Words Login is %s", writeHKL, writeHKL ? "Required" : "Not Required");
+       PrintAndLog("    R.A.W.:   %u | Read After Write is %s", raw, raw ? "On" : "Off");
+       PrintAndLog("   Disable:   %u | Disable Command is %s", disable, disable ? "Accepted" : "Not Accepted");
+       PrintAndLog("    R.T.F.:   %u | Reader Talk First is %s", rtf, rtf ? "Enabled" : "Disabled");
+       PrintAndLog("    Pigeon:   %u | Pigeon Mode is %s\n", pigeon, pigeon ? "Enabled" : "Disabled");

 }
 
 void printEM4x05info(uint8_t chipType, uint8_t cap, uint16_t custCode, uint32_t serial) {
 }
 
 void printEM4x05info(uint8_t chipType, uint8_t cap, uint16_t custCode, uint32_t serial) {


@@ -1076,20 +1277,20 @@ int CmdEM4x05info(const char *Cmd) {
 
        // for now use default input of 1 as invalid (unlikely 1 will be a valid password...)
        pwd = param_get32ex(Cmd, 0, 1, 16);
 
        // for now use default input of 1 as invalid (unlikely 1 will be a valid password...)
        pwd = param_get32ex(Cmd, 0, 1, 16);

-       
+

        if ( pwd != 1 ) {
                usePwd = true;
        }
 
        // read word 0 (chip info)
        // block 0 can be read even without a password.
        if ( pwd != 1 ) {
                usePwd = true;
        }
 
        // read word 0 (chip info)
        // block 0 can be read even without a password.

-       if ( !EM4x05Block0Test(&wordData) ) 
+       if ( !EM4x05Block0Test(&wordData) )

                return -1;
                return -1;

-       
+

        uint8_t chipType = (wordData >> 1) & 0xF;
        uint8_t cap = (wordData >> 5) & 3;
        uint16_t custCode = (wordData >> 9) & 0x3FF;
        uint8_t chipType = (wordData >> 1) & 0xF;
        uint8_t cap = (wordData >> 5) & 3;
        uint16_t custCode = (wordData >> 9) & 0x3FF;

-       
+

        // read word 1 (serial #) doesn't need pwd
        wordData = 0;
        if (EM4x05ReadWord_ext(1, 0, false, &wordData) != 1) {
        // read word 1 (serial #) doesn't need pwd
        wordData = 0;
        if (EM4x05ReadWord_ext(1, 0, false, &wordData) != 1) {


@@ -1097,11 +1298,12 @@ int CmdEM4x05info(const char *Cmd) {
        }
        printEM4x05info(chipType, cap, custCode, wordData);
 
        }
        printEM4x05info(chipType, cap, custCode, wordData);
 

-       // read word 4 (config block) 
+       // read word 4 (config block)

        // needs password if one is set
        wordData = 0;
        if ( EM4x05ReadWord_ext(4, pwd, usePwd, &wordData) != 1 ) {
                //failed
        // needs password if one is set
        wordData = 0;
        if ( EM4x05ReadWord_ext(4, pwd, usePwd, &wordData) != 1 ) {
                //failed

+               PrintAndLog("Config block read failed - might be password protected.");

                return 0;
        }
        printEM4x05config(wordData);
                return 0;
        }
        printEM4x05config(wordData);


@@ -1132,9 +1334,10 @@ int CmdEM4x05info(const char *Cmd) {
 static command_t CommandTable[] =
 {
        {"help",      CmdHelp, 1, "This help"},
 static command_t CommandTable[] =
 {
        {"help",      CmdHelp, 1, "This help"},

-       {"410xread",  CmdEMdemodASK, 0, "[findone] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag (option 0 for continuous loop, 1 for only 1 tag)"},  
+       {"410xread",  CmdEMdemodASK, 0, "[findone] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag (option 0 for continuous loop, 1 for only 1 tag)"},

        {"410xdemod", CmdAskEM410xDemod,  1, "[clock] [invert<0|1>] [maxErr] -- Demodulate an EM410x tag from GraphBuffer (args optional)"},
        {"410xsim",   CmdEM410xSim, 0, "<UID> [clock rate] -- Simulate EM410x tag"},
        {"410xdemod", CmdAskEM410xDemod,  1, "[clock] [invert<0|1>] [maxErr] -- Demodulate an EM410x tag from GraphBuffer (args optional)"},
        {"410xsim",   CmdEM410xSim, 0, "<UID> [clock rate] -- Simulate EM410x tag"},

+       {"410xbrute",   CmdEM410xBrute, 0, "ids.txt [d (delay in ms)] [c (clock rate)] -- Reader bruteforce attack by simulating EM410x tags"},

        {"410xwatch", CmdEM410xWatch, 0, "['h'] -- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags (option 'h' for 134)"},
        {"410xspoof", CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof, 0, "['h'] --- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags, and replays them. (option 'h' for 134)" },
        {"410xwrite", CmdEM410xWrite, 0, "<UID> <'0' T5555> <'1' T55x7> [clock rate] -- Write EM410x UID to T5555(Q5) or T55x7 tag, optionally setting clock rate"},
        {"410xwatch", CmdEM410xWatch, 0, "['h'] -- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags (option 'h' for 134)"},
        {"410xspoof", CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof, 0, "['h'] --- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags, and replays them. (option 'h' for 134)" },
        {"410xwrite", CmdEM410xWrite, 0, "<UID> <'0' T5555> <'1' T55x7> [clock rate] -- Write EM410x UID to T5555(Q5) or T55x7 tag, optionally setting clock rate"},