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1This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
2
3# Tripwires
4The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub. The two
5additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model also don't work in u-boot, grub
6and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
7installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
8Selecting locked volume > click "Mount".
9
10# Artefacts
11If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script.
12
13# Asahi installer
14
15[Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
16
17* Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
18
19* In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
20
0c054fe6 21* Run the asahi installer and select Debian:
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22
23 curl -sL tg.st/d | sh
24
25* Follow the installer instructions.
26
27* Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
28
29 passwd
30 pwconv
31
32* Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
33
34 vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
35 ifup wlp1s0f0
36 vi /etc/network/interfaces
37
38* Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
39
40 reboot
41
42* Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
43
44 apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
45
46* Create yourself an unprivileged user
47
48 useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
49 passwd <username>
50
51* Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
52
53 apt update
54 apt install -y openssh-server
55
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56# Livesystem
57[Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
58* Prerequisites
59
60 * USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible to run the Debian installer from another PC using m1n1 chainloading. But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
61 * If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
62
63* Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
64
65 # Identify the usb stick device
66 lsblk
67 DEVICE=/dev/sdX
68 parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
69 parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
70 mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
71
72 mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt
73 cd /mnt
74 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
75 umount /mnt
76
77In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
78
79 Name: LIVE
80 Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
81 Scheme: Master Boot Record
82
83Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
84
85 sudo su -
86 cd /Volumes/LIVE
87 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
88
89* You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
90
91* If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdoun by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
92
93 run bootcmd_usb0
94
95* Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
96
97 linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
98 initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
99 boot
100
101* Log in as **root** without password.
102
103* Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.
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104
105# FAQ
106
107* If I install Debian, will it still be relatively easy to update the Asahi work as it develops?
108
109Yes, long answer below.
110
111To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run
112as root:
113
114 curl -sL tg.st/u/ksh | bash
115
116Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to
117support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the
118instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is:
119
120 - Backup /boot/efi/EFI
121 - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition
5869d4a4 122 - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option
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123 - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back
124
8499f105 125So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub
28465d9b 126updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom.
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