cvs.zerfleddert.de Git - proxmark3-svn/blob - client/util.c

   1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2 // Copyright (C) 2010 iZsh <izsh at fail0verflow.com>
   3 //
   4 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
   5 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
   6 // the license.
   7 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8 // utilities
   9 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  10
  11 #include "util.h"
  12
  13 #include <stdint.h>
  14 #include <string.h>
  15 #include <ctype.h>
  16 #include <stdlib.h>
  17 #include <stdio.h>
  18 #include <time.h>
  19 #include "data.h"
  20
  21 #ifdef _WIN32
  22 #include <windows.h>
  23 #endif
  24
  25 #define MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH   (3072+384+1)
  26
  27 #ifndef _WIN32
  28 #include <termios.h>
  29 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  30 #include <unistd.h>
  31
  32 int ukbhit(void)
  33 {
  34   int cnt = 0;
  35   int error;
  36   static struct termios Otty, Ntty;
  37
  38   if ( tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &Otty) == -1 ) return -1;
  39   Ntty = Otty;
  40
  41   Ntty.c_iflag          = 0x0000;   // input mode
  42   Ntty.c_oflag          = 0x0000;   // output mode
  43   Ntty.c_lflag         &= ~ICANON;  // control mode = raw
  44   Ntty.c_cc[VMIN]       = 1;        // return if at least 1 character is in the queue
  45   Ntty.c_cc[VTIME]      = 0;        // no timeout. Wait forever
  46
  47   if (0 == (error = tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &Ntty))) {   // set new attributes
  48     error += ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, FIONREAD, &cnt);                 // get number of characters availabe
  49     error += tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &Otty);             // reset attributes
  50   }
  51
  52   return ( error == 0 ? cnt : -1 );
  53 }
  54
  55 #else
  56
  57 #include <conio.h>
  58 int ukbhit(void) {
  59         return kbhit();
  60 }
  61 #endif
  62
  63 // log files functions
  64 void AddLogLine(char *file, char *extData, char *c) {
  65         FILE *fLog = NULL;
  66     char filename[FILE_PATH_SIZE] = {0x00};
  67     int len = 0;
  68
  69     len = strlen(file);
  70     if (len > FILE_PATH_SIZE) len = FILE_PATH_SIZE;
  71     memcpy(filename, file, len);
  72
  73         fLog = fopen(filename, "a");
  74         if (!fLog) {
  75                 printf("Could not append log file %s", filename);
  76                 return;
  77         }
  78
  79         fprintf(fLog, "%s", extData);
  80         fprintf(fLog, "%s\n", c);
  81         fclose(fLog);
  82 }
  83
  84 void AddLogHex(char *fileName, char *extData, const uint8_t * data, const size_t len){
  85         AddLogLine(fileName, extData, sprint_hex(data, len));
  86 }
  87
  88 void AddLogUint64(char *fileName, char *extData, const uint64_t data) {
  89   char buf[100] = {0};
  90         sprintf(buf, "%x%x", (unsigned int)((data & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000) >> 32), (unsigned int)(data & 0xFFFFFFFF));
  91         AddLogLine(fileName, extData, buf);
  92 }
  93
  94 void AddLogCurrentDT(char *fileName) {
  95         char buff[20];
  96         struct tm *curTime;
  97
  98         time_t now = time(0);
  99         curTime = gmtime(&now);
 100
 101         strftime (buff, sizeof(buff), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", curTime);
 102         AddLogLine(fileName, "\nanticollision: ", buff);
 103 }
 104
 105 void FillFileNameByUID(char *fileName, uint8_t * uid, char *ext, int byteCount) {
 106         char * fnameptr = fileName;
 107         memset(fileName, 0x00, 200);
 108
 109         for (int j = 0; j < byteCount; j++, fnameptr += 2)
 110                 sprintf(fnameptr, "%02x", (unsigned int) uid[j]);
 111         sprintf(fnameptr, "%s", ext);
 112 }
 113
 114 // printing and converting functions
 115
 116 void print_hex(const uint8_t * data, const size_t len)
 117 {
 118         size_t i;
 119
 120         for (i=0; i < len; i++)
 121                 printf("%02x ", data[i]);
 122
 123         printf("\n");
 124 }
 125
 126 void print_hex_break(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len, uint8_t breaks) {
 127
 128         int rownum = 0;
 129         printf("[%02d] | ", rownum);
 130         for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
 131
 132                 printf("%02X ", data[i]);
 133
 134                 // check if a line break is needed
 135                 if ( breaks > 0 && !((i+1) % breaks) && (i+1 < len) ) {
 136                         ++rownum;
 137                         printf("\n[%02d] | ", rownum);
 138                 }
 139         }
 140         printf("\n");
 141 }
 142
 143 char *sprint_hex(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len) {
 144
 145         int maxLen = ( len > 1024/3) ? 1024/3 : len;
 146         static char buf[1024];
 147         memset(buf, 0x00, 1024);
 148         char *tmp = buf;
 149         size_t i;
 150
 151         for (i=0; i < maxLen; ++i, tmp += 3)
 152                 sprintf(tmp, "%02x ", (unsigned int) data[i]);
 153
 154         return buf;
 155 }
 156
 157 char *sprint_hex_inrow_ex(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len, const size_t min_str_len) {
 158
 159         int maxLen = ( len > 1024/2) ? 1024/2 : len;
 160         static char buf[1024] = {0};
 161         char *tmp = buf;
 162         size_t i;
 163
 164         for (i = 0; i < maxLen; ++i, tmp += 2)
 165                 sprintf(tmp, "%02x", (unsigned int) data[i]);
 166
 167         i *= 2;
 168         int minStrLen = min_str_len > i ? min_str_len : 0;
 169         for(; i < minStrLen; i++, tmp += 1)
 170                 sprintf(tmp, " ");
 171
 172         return buf;
 173 }
 174
 175 char *sprint_hex_inrow(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len) {
 176         return sprint_hex_inrow_ex(data, len, 0);
 177 }
 178
 179 char *sprint_bin_break(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len, const uint8_t breaks) {
 180         // make sure we don't go beyond our char array memory
 181         int max_len;
 182         if (breaks==0)
 183                 max_len = ( len > MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH ) ? MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH : len;
 184         else
 185                 max_len = ( len+(len/breaks) > MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH ) ? MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH : len+(len/breaks);
 186
 187         static char buf[MAX_BIN_BREAK_LENGTH]; // 3072 + end of line characters if broken at 8 bits
 188         //clear memory
 189         memset(buf, 0x00, sizeof(buf));
 190         char *tmp = buf;
 191
 192         size_t in_index = 0;
 193         // loop through the out_index to make sure we don't go too far
 194         for (size_t out_index=0; out_index < max_len; out_index++) {
 195                 // set character - (should be binary but verify it isn't more than 1 digit)
 196                 if (data[in_index]<10)
 197                         sprintf(tmp++, "%u", (unsigned int) data[in_index]);
 198                 // check if a line break is needed and we have room to print it in our array
 199                 if ( (breaks > 0) && !((in_index+1) % breaks) && (out_index+1 < max_len) ) {
 200                         // increment and print line break
 201                         out_index++;
 202                         sprintf(tmp++, "%s","\n");
 203                 }
 204                 in_index++;
 205         }
 206
 207         return buf;
 208 }
 209
 210 char *sprint_bin(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len) {
 211         return sprint_bin_break(data, len, 0);
 212 }
 213
 214 char *sprint_hex_ascii(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len) {
 215         static char buf[1024];
 216         char *tmp = buf;
 217         memset(buf, 0x00, 1024);
 218         size_t max_len = (len > 255) ? 255 : len;
 219         // max 255 bytes * 3 + 2 characters = 767 in buffer
 220         sprintf(tmp, "%s| ", sprint_hex(data, max_len) );
 221
 222         size_t i = 0;
 223         size_t pos = (max_len * 3)+2;
 224         // add another 255 characters ascii = 1020 characters of buffer used
 225         while(i < max_len) {
 226                 char c = data[i];
 227                 if ( (c < 32) || (c == 127))
 228                         c = '.';
 229                 sprintf(tmp+pos+i, "%c",  c);
 230                 ++i;
 231         }
 232         return buf;
 233 }
 234
 235 char *sprint_ascii_ex(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len, const size_t min_str_len) {
 236         static char buf[1024];
 237         char *tmp = buf;
 238         memset(buf, 0x00, 1024);
 239         size_t max_len = (len > 1010) ? 1010 : len;
 240         size_t i = 0;
 241         while(i < max_len){
 242                 char c = data[i];
 243                 tmp[i] = ((c < 32) || (c == 127)) ? '.' : c;
 244                 ++i;
 245         }
 246
 247         int minStrLen = min_str_len > i ? min_str_len : 0;
 248         for(; i < minStrLen; ++i)
 249                 tmp[i] = ' ';
 250
 251         return buf;
 252 }
 253
 254 char *sprint_ascii(const uint8_t *data, const size_t len) {
 255         return sprint_ascii_ex(data, len, 0);
 256 }
 257
 258 void num_to_bytes(uint64_t n, size_t len, uint8_t* dest)
 259 {
 260         while (len--) {
 261                 dest[len] = (uint8_t) n;
 262                 n >>= 8;
 263         }
 264 }
 265
 266 uint64_t bytes_to_num(uint8_t* src, size_t len)
 267 {
 268         uint64_t num = 0;
 269         while (len--)
 270         {
 271                 num = (num << 8) | (*src);
 272                 src++;
 273         }
 274         return num;
 275 }
 276
 277 void num_to_bytebits(uint64_t   n, size_t len, uint8_t *dest) {
 278         while (len--) {
 279                 dest[len] = n & 1;
 280                 n >>= 1;
 281         }
 282 }
 283
 284 //least significant bit first
 285 void num_to_bytebitsLSBF(uint64_t n, size_t len, uint8_t *dest) {
 286         for(int i = 0 ; i < len ; ++i) {
 287                 dest[i] =  n & 1;
 288                 n >>= 1;
 289         }
 290 }
 291
 292 // Swap bit order on a uint32_t value.  Can be limited by nrbits just use say 8bits reversal
 293 // And clears the rest of the bits.
 294 uint32_t SwapBits(uint32_t value, int nrbits) {
 295         uint32_t newvalue = 0;
 296         for(int i = 0; i < nrbits; i++) {
 297                 newvalue ^= ((value >> i) & 1) << (nrbits - 1 - i);
 298         }
 299         return newvalue;
 300 }
 301
 302 // aa,bb,cc,dd,ee,ff,gg,hh, ii,jj,kk,ll,mm,nn,oo,pp
 303 // to
 304 // hh,gg,ff,ee,dd,cc,bb,aa, pp,oo,nn,mm,ll,kk,jj,ii
 305 // up to 64 bytes or 512 bits
 306 uint8_t *SwapEndian64(const uint8_t *src, const size_t len, const uint8_t blockSize){
 307         static uint8_t buf[64];
 308         memset(buf, 0x00, 64);
 309         uint8_t *tmp = buf;
 310         for (uint8_t block=0; block < (uint8_t)(len/blockSize); block++){
 311                 for (size_t i = 0; i < blockSize; i++){
 312                         tmp[i+(blockSize*block)] = src[(blockSize-1-i)+(blockSize*block)];
 313                 }
 314         }
 315         return tmp;
 316 }
 317
 318 // takes a uint8_t src array, for len items and reverses the byte order in blocksizes (8,16,32,64),
 319 // returns: the dest array contains the reordered src array.
 320 void SwapEndian64ex(const uint8_t *src, const size_t len, const uint8_t blockSize, uint8_t *dest){
 321         for (uint8_t block=0; block < (uint8_t)(len/blockSize); block++){
 322                 for (size_t i = 0; i < blockSize; i++){
 323                         dest[i+(blockSize*block)] = src[(blockSize-1-i)+(blockSize*block)];
 324                 }
 325         }
 326 }
 327
 328 //assumes little endian
 329 char * printBits(size_t const size, void const * const ptr)
 330 {
 331     unsigned char *b = (unsigned char*) ptr;
 332     unsigned char byte;
 333         static char buf[1024];
 334         char * tmp = buf;
 335     int i, j;
 336
 337     for (i=size-1;i>=0;i--)
 338     {
 339         for (j=7;j>=0;j--)
 340         {
 341             byte = b[i] & (1<<j);
 342             byte >>= j;
 343             sprintf(tmp, "%u", (unsigned int)byte);
 344                         tmp++;
 345         }
 346     }
 347         return buf;
 348 }
 349
 350 //  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 351 //  string parameters lib
 352 //  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 353
 354 //  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 355 //  line     - param line
 356 //  bg, en   - symbol numbers in param line of beginning and ending parameter
 357 //  paramnum - param number (from 0)
 358 //  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 359 int param_getptr(const char *line, int *bg, int *en, int paramnum)
 360 {
 361         int i;
 362         int len = strlen(line);
 363
 364         *bg = 0;
 365         *en = 0;
 366
 367   // skip spaces
 368         while (line[*bg] ==' ' || line[*bg]=='\t') (*bg)++;
 369         if (*bg >= len) {
 370                 return 1;
 371         }
 372
 373         for (i = 0; i < paramnum; i++) {
 374                 while (line[*bg]!=' ' && line[*bg]!='\t' && line[*bg] != '\0') (*bg)++;
 375                 while (line[*bg]==' ' || line[*bg]=='\t') (*bg)++;
 376
 377                 if (line[*bg] == '\0') return 1;
 378         }
 379
 380         *en = *bg;
 381         while (line[*en] != ' ' && line[*en] != '\t' && line[*en] != '\0') (*en)++;
 382
 383         (*en)--;
 384
 385         return 0;
 386 }
 387
 388
 389 int param_getlength(const char *line, int paramnum)
 390 {
 391         int bg, en;
 392
 393         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 0;
 394
 395         return en - bg + 1;
 396 }
 397
 398 char param_getchar(const char *line, int paramnum) {
 399         return param_getchar_indx(line, 0, paramnum);
 400 }
 401
 402 char param_getchar_indx(const char *line, int indx, int paramnum) {
 403         int bg, en;
 404
 405         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 0x00;
 406
 407         if (bg + indx > en)
 408                 return '\0';
 409
 410         return line[bg + indx];
 411 }
 412
 413 uint8_t param_get8(const char *line, int paramnum)
 414 {
 415         return param_get8ex(line, paramnum, 0, 10);
 416 }
 417
 418 /**
 419  * @brief Reads a decimal integer (actually, 0-254, not 255)
 420  * @param line
 421  * @param paramnum
 422  * @return -1 if error
 423  */
 424 uint8_t param_getdec(const char *line, int paramnum, uint8_t *destination)
 425 {
 426         uint8_t val =  param_get8ex(line, paramnum, 255, 10);
 427         if( (int8_t) val == -1) return 1;
 428         (*destination) = val;
 429         return 0;
 430 }
 431 /**
 432  * @brief Checks if param is decimal
 433  * @param line
 434  * @param paramnum
 435  * @return
 436  */
 437 uint8_t param_isdec(const char *line, int paramnum)
 438 {
 439         int bg, en;
 440         //TODO, check more thorougly
 441         if (!param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 1;
 442                 //              return strtoul(&line[bg], NULL, 10) & 0xff;
 443
 444         return 0;
 445 }
 446
 447 uint8_t param_get8ex(const char *line, int paramnum, int deflt, int base)
 448 {
 449         int bg, en;
 450
 451         if (!param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum))
 452                 return strtoul(&line[bg], NULL, base) & 0xff;
 453         else
 454                 return deflt;
 455 }
 456
 457 uint32_t param_get32ex(const char *line, int paramnum, int deflt, int base)
 458 {
 459         int bg, en;
 460
 461         if (!param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum))
 462                 return strtoul(&line[bg], NULL, base);
 463         else
 464                 return deflt;
 465 }
 466
 467 uint64_t param_get64ex(const char *line, int paramnum, int deflt, int base)
 468 {
 469         int bg, en;
 470
 471         if (!param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum))
 472                 return strtoull(&line[bg], NULL, base);
 473         else
 474                 return deflt;
 475 }
 476
 477 int param_gethex(const char *line, int paramnum, uint8_t * data, int hexcnt)
 478 {
 479         int bg, en, temp, i;
 480
 481         if (hexcnt % 2)
 482                 return 1;
 483
 484         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 1;
 485
 486         if (en - bg + 1 != hexcnt)
 487                 return 1;
 488
 489         for(i = 0; i < hexcnt; i += 2) {
 490                 if (!(isxdigit(line[bg + i]) && isxdigit(line[bg + i + 1])) )   return 1;
 491
 492                 sscanf((char[]){line[bg + i], line[bg + i + 1], 0}, "%X", &temp);
 493                 data[i / 2] = temp & 0xff;
 494         }
 495
 496         return 0;
 497 }
 498 int param_gethex_ex(const char *line, int paramnum, uint8_t * data, int *hexcnt)
 499 {
 500         int bg, en, temp, i;
 501
 502         //if (hexcnt % 2)
 503         //      return 1;
 504
 505         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 1;
 506
 507         *hexcnt = en - bg + 1;
 508         if (*hexcnt % 2) //error if not complete hex bytes
 509                 return 1;
 510
 511         for(i = 0; i < *hexcnt; i += 2) {
 512                 if (!(isxdigit(line[bg + i]) && isxdigit(line[bg + i + 1])) )   return 1;
 513
 514                 sscanf((char[]){line[bg + i], line[bg + i + 1], 0}, "%X", &temp);
 515                 data[i / 2] = temp & 0xff;
 516         }
 517
 518         return 0;
 519 }
 520
 521 int param_gethex_to_eol(const char *line, int paramnum, uint8_t * data, int maxdatalen, int *datalen) {
 522         int bg, en;
 523         uint32_t temp;
 524         char buf[5] = {0};
 525
 526         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) return 1;
 527
 528         *datalen = 0;
 529
 530         int indx = bg;
 531         while (line[indx]) {
 532                 if (line[indx] == '\t' || line[indx] == ' ') {
 533                         indx++;
 534                         continue;
 535                 }
 536
 537                 if (isxdigit(line[indx])) {
 538                         buf[strlen(buf) + 1] = 0x00;
 539                         buf[strlen(buf)] = line[indx];
 540                 } else {
 541                         // if we have symbols other than spaces and hex
 542                         return 1;
 543                 }
 544
 545                 if (*datalen >= maxdatalen) {
 546                         // if we dont have space in buffer and have symbols to translate
 547                         return 2;
 548                 }
 549
 550                 if (strlen(buf) >= 2) {
 551                         sscanf(buf, "%x", &temp);
 552                         data[*datalen] = (uint8_t)(temp & 0xff);
 553                         *buf = 0;
 554                         (*datalen)++;
 555                 }
 556
 557                 indx++;
 558         }
 559
 560         if (strlen(buf) > 0)
 561                 //error when not completed hex bytes
 562                 return 3;
 563
 564         return 0;
 565 }
 566
 567 int param_getstr(const char *line, int paramnum, char * str, size_t buffersize)
 568 {
 569         int bg, en;
 570
 571         if (param_getptr(line, &bg, &en, paramnum)) {
 572                 return 0;
 573         }
 574
 575         // Prevent out of bounds errors
 576         if (en - bg + 1 >= buffersize) {
 577                 printf("out of bounds error: want %d bytes have %zd bytes\n", en - bg + 1 + 1, buffersize);
 578                 return 0;
 579         }
 580
 581         memcpy(str, line + bg, en - bg + 1);
 582         str[en - bg + 1] = 0;
 583
 584         return en - bg + 1;
 585 }
 586
 587 /*
 588 The following methods comes from Rfidler sourcecode.
 589 https://github.com/ApertureLabsLtd/RFIDler/blob/master/firmware/Pic32/RFIDler.X/src/
 590 */
 591
 592 // convert hex to sequence of 0/1 bit values
 593 // returns number of bits converted
 594 int hextobinarray(char *target, char *source)
 595 {
 596     int length, i, count= 0;
 597     char* start = source;
 598     char x;
 599
 600     length = strlen(source);
 601     // process 4 bits (1 hex digit) at a time
 602     while(length--)
 603     {
 604         x= *(source++);
 605         // capitalize
 606         if (x >= 'a' && x <= 'f')
 607             x -= 32;
 608         // convert to numeric value
 609         if (x >= '0' && x <= '9')
 610             x -= '0';
 611         else if (x >= 'A' && x <= 'F')
 612             x -= 'A' - 10;
 613         else {
 614                 printf("Discovered unknown character %c %d at idx %d of %s\n", x, x, source - start, start);
 615             return 0;
 616         }
 617         // output
 618         for(i= 0 ; i < 4 ; ++i, ++count)
 619             *(target++)= (x >> (3 - i)) & 1;
 620     }
 621
 622     return count;
 623 }
 624
 625 // convert hex to human readable binary string
 626 int hextobinstring(char *target, char *source)
 627 {
 628     int length;
 629
 630     if(!(length= hextobinarray(target, source)))
 631         return 0;
 632     binarraytobinstring(target, target, length);
 633     return length;
 634 }
 635
 636 // convert binary array of 0x00/0x01 values to hex (safe to do in place as target will always be shorter than source)
 637 // return number of bits converted
 638 int binarraytohex(char *target,char *source, int length)
 639 {
 640     unsigned char i, x;
 641     int j = length;
 642
 643     if(j % 4)
 644         return 0;
 645
 646     while(j)
 647     {
 648         for(i= x= 0 ; i < 4 ; ++i)
 649             x +=  ( source[i] << (3 - i));
 650         sprintf(target,"%X", (unsigned int)x);
 651         ++target;
 652         source += 4;
 653         j -= 4;
 654     }
 655     return length;
 656 }
 657
 658 // convert binary array to human readable binary
 659 void binarraytobinstring(char *target, char *source,  int length)
 660 {
 661     int i;
 662
 663     for(i= 0 ; i < length ; ++i)
 664         *(target++)= *(source++) + '0';
 665     *target= '\0';
 666 }
 667
 668 // return parity bit required to match type
 669 uint8_t GetParity( uint8_t *bits, uint8_t type, int length)
 670 {
 671     int x;
 672
 673     for(x= 0 ; length > 0 ; --length)
 674         x += bits[length - 1];
 675     x %= 2;
 676
 677     return x ^ type;
 678 }
 679
 680 // add HID parity to binary array: EVEN prefix for 1st half of ID, ODD suffix for 2nd half
 681 void wiegand_add_parity(uint8_t *target, uint8_t *source, uint8_t length)
 682 {
 683     *(target++)= GetParity(source, EVEN, length / 2);
 684     memcpy(target, source, length);
 685     target += length;
 686     *(target)= GetParity(source + length / 2, ODD, length / 2);
 687 }
 688
 689 // xor two arrays together for len items.  The dst array contains the new xored values.
 690 void xor(unsigned char *dst, unsigned char *src, size_t len) {
 691    for( ; len > 0; len--,dst++,src++)
 692        *dst ^= *src;
 693 }
 694
 695 int32_t le24toh (uint8_t data[3]) {
 696     return (data[2] << 16) | (data[1] << 8) | data[0];
 697 }
 698 uint32_t le32toh (uint8_t *data) {
 699         return (uint32_t)( (data[3]<<24) | (data[2]<<16) | (data[1]<<8) | data[0]);
 700 }
 701
 702 // RotateLeft - Ultralight, Desfire, works on byte level
 703 // 00-01-02  >> 01-02-00
 704 void rol(uint8_t *data, const size_t len){
 705     uint8_t first = data[0];
 706     for (size_t i = 0; i < len-1; i++) {
 707         data[i] = data[i+1];
 708     }
 709     data[len-1] = first;
 710 }
 711
 712
 713 // Replace unprintable characters with a dot in char buffer
 714 void clean_ascii(unsigned char *buf, size_t len) {
 715   for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 716     if (!isprint(buf[i]))
 717       buf[i] = '.';
 718   }
 719 }
 720
 721 // replace \r \n to \0
 722 void strcleanrn(char *buf, size_t len) {
 723         strcreplace(buf, len, '\n', '\0');
 724         strcreplace(buf, len, '\r', '\0');
 725 }
 726
 727 // replace char in buffer
 728 void strcreplace(char *buf, size_t len, char from, char to) {
 729   for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 730     if (buf[i] == from)
 731       buf[i] = to;
 732   }
 733 }
 734
 735 char *strmcopy(char *buf) {
 736         char * str = NULL;
 737         if ((str = (char*) malloc(strlen(buf) + 1)) != NULL) {
 738                 memset(str, 0, strlen(buf) + 1);
 739                 strcpy(str, buf);
 740         }
 741         return str;
 742 }
 743
 744
 745 // determine number of logical CPU cores (use for multithreaded functions)
 746 extern int num_CPUs(void)
 747 {
 748 #if defined(_WIN32)
 749         #include <sysinfoapi.h>
 750         SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo;
 751         GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo);
 752         return sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
 753 #elif defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
 754         #include <unistd.h>
 755         return sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
 756 #else
 757         return 1;
 758 #endif
 759 }
 760