1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 // Copyright (C) 2010 iZsh <izsh at fail0verflow.com>
4 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
5 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
7 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 // Data and Graph commands
9 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
15 #include "proxmark3.h"
19 #include "cmdparser.h"
26 uint8_t DemodBuffer
[MAX_DEMOD_BUF_LEN
];
29 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd
);
31 //set the demod buffer with given array of binary (one bit per byte)
33 void setDemodBuf(uint8_t *buff
, size_t size
, size_t startIdx
)
38 if ( size
>= MAX_DEMOD_BUF_LEN
)
39 size
= MAX_DEMOD_BUF_LEN
;
42 for (; i
< size
; i
++){
43 DemodBuffer
[i
]=buff
[startIdx
++];
49 int CmdSetDebugMode(const char *Cmd
)
52 sscanf(Cmd
, "%i", &demod
);
53 g_debugMode
=(uint8_t)demod
;
61 int bitLen
= DemodBufferLen
;
63 PrintAndLog("no bits found in demod buffer");
66 if (bitLen
>512) bitLen
=512; //max output to 512 bits if we have more - should be plenty
68 // ensure equally divided by 16
71 for (i
= 0; i
<= (bitLen
-16); i
+=16) {
72 PrintAndLog("%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i",
94 int CmdAmp(const char *Cmd
)
96 int i
, rising
, falling
;
97 int max
= INT_MIN
, min
= INT_MAX
;
99 for (i
= 10; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) {
100 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > max
)
101 max
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
102 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < min
)
103 min
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
108 for (i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) {
109 if (GraphBuffer
[i
+ 1] < GraphBuffer
[i
]) {
111 GraphBuffer
[i
] = max
;
116 if (GraphBuffer
[i
+ 1] > GraphBuffer
[i
]) {
118 GraphBuffer
[i
] = min
;
125 RepaintGraphWindow();
130 * Generic command to demodulate ASK.
132 * Argument is convention: positive or negative (High mod means zero
133 * or high mod means one)
135 * Updates the Graph trace with 0/1 values
140 //this method is dependant on all highs and lows to be the same(or clipped) this creates issues[marshmellow] it also ignores the clock
141 int Cmdaskdemod(const char *Cmd
)
144 int c
, high
= 0, low
= 0;
146 // TODO: complain if we do not give 2 arguments here !
147 // (AL - this doesn't make sense! we're only using one argument!!!)
148 sscanf(Cmd
, "%i", &c
);
150 /* Detect high and lows and clock */
152 for (i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
)
154 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > high
)
155 high
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
156 else if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < low
)
157 low
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
161 if (c
!= 0 && c
!= 1) {
162 PrintAndLog("Invalid argument: %s", Cmd
);
166 if (GraphBuffer
[0] > 0) {
167 GraphBuffer
[0] = 1-c
;
171 for (i
= 1; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) {
172 /* Transitions are detected at each peak
173 * Transitions are either:
174 * - we're low: transition if we hit a high
175 * - we're high: transition if we hit a low
176 * (we need to do it this way because some tags keep high or
177 * low for long periods, others just reach the peak and go
180 //[marhsmellow] change == to >= for high and <= for low for fuzz
181 if ((GraphBuffer
[i
] == high
) && (GraphBuffer
[i
- 1] == c
)) {
182 GraphBuffer
[i
] = 1 - c
;
183 } else if ((GraphBuffer
[i
] == low
) && (GraphBuffer
[i
- 1] == (1 - c
))){
187 GraphBuffer
[i
] = GraphBuffer
[i
- 1];
190 RepaintGraphWindow();
195 void printBitStream(uint8_t BitStream
[], uint32_t bitLen
)
199 PrintAndLog("Too few bits found: %d",bitLen
);
202 if (bitLen
>512) bitLen
=512;
204 // ensure equally divided by 16
208 for (i
= 0; i
<= (bitLen
-16); i
+=16) {
209 PrintAndLog("%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i",
230 //print EM410x ID in multiple formats
231 void printEM410x(uint64_t id
)
238 for (ii
=5; ii
>0;ii
--){
240 id2lo
=(id2lo
<<1LL) | ((id
& (iii
<< (i
+((ii
-1)*8)))) >> (i
+((ii
-1)*8)));
244 PrintAndLog("EM TAG ID : %010llx", id
);
245 PrintAndLog("Unique TAG ID: %010llx", id2lo
);
246 PrintAndLog("DEZ 8 : %08lld",id
& 0xFFFFFF);
247 PrintAndLog("DEZ 10 : %010lld",id
& 0xFFFFFF);
248 PrintAndLog("DEZ 5.5 : %05lld.%05lld",(id
>>16LL) & 0xFFFF,(id
& 0xFFFF));
249 PrintAndLog("DEZ 3.5A : %03lld.%05lld",(id
>>32ll),(id
& 0xFFFF));
250 PrintAndLog("DEZ 14/IK2 : %014lld",id
);
251 PrintAndLog("DEZ 15/IK3 : %015lld",id2lo
);
252 PrintAndLog("Other : %05lld_%03lld_%08lld",(id
&0xFFFF),((id
>>16LL) & 0xFF),(id
& 0xFFFFFF));
258 //take binary from demod buffer and see if we can find an EM410x ID
259 int CmdEm410xDecode(const char *Cmd
)
262 size_t size
= DemodBufferLen
, idx
=0;
263 id
= Em410xDecode(DemodBuffer
, &size
, &idx
);
265 setDemodBuf(DemodBuffer
, size
, idx
);
267 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Printing demod buffer:");
278 //takes 2 arguments - clock and invert both as integers
279 //attempts to demodulate ask while decoding manchester
280 //prints binary found and saves in graphbuffer for further commands
281 int Cmdaskmandemod(const char *Cmd
)
285 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
286 sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i", &clk
, &invert
);
287 if (invert
!= 0 && invert
!= 1) {
288 PrintAndLog("Invalid argument: %s", Cmd
);
292 size_t BitLen
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
);
293 if (g_debugMode
==1) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Bitlen from grphbuff: %d",BitLen
);
295 errCnt
= askmandemod(BitStream
, &BitLen
,&clk
,&invert
);
296 if (errCnt
<0||BitLen
<16){ //if fatal error (or -1)
297 if (g_debugMode
==1) PrintAndLog("no data found %d, errors:%d, bitlen:%d, clock:%d",errCnt
,invert
,BitLen
,clk
);
300 PrintAndLog("\nUsing Clock: %d - Invert: %d - Bits Found: %d",clk
,invert
,BitLen
);
304 PrintAndLog("# Errors during Demoding (shown as 77 in bit stream): %d",errCnt
);
306 PrintAndLog("ASK/Manchester decoded bitstream:");
307 // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits
308 setDemodBuf(BitStream
,BitLen
,0);
312 lo
= Em410xDecode(BitStream
, &BitLen
, &idx
);
314 //set GraphBuffer for clone or sim command
315 setDemodBuf(BitStream
, BitLen
, idx
);
317 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx
, BitLen
);
320 PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: ");
329 //stricktly take 10 and 01 and convert to 0 and 1
330 int Cmdmandecoderaw(const char *Cmd
)
335 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
337 for (;i
<DemodBufferLen
;++i
){
338 if (DemodBuffer
[i
]>high
) high
=DemodBuffer
[i
];
339 else if(DemodBuffer
[i
]<low
) low
=DemodBuffer
[i
];
340 BitStream
[i
]=DemodBuffer
[i
];
342 if (high
>1 || low
<0 ){
343 PrintAndLog("Error: please raw demod the wave first then mancheseter raw decode");
347 errCnt
=manrawdecode(BitStream
, &size
);
349 PrintAndLog("Too many errors: %d",errCnt
);
352 PrintAndLog("Manchester Decoded - # errors:%d - data:",errCnt
);
353 printBitStream(BitStream
, size
);
357 id
= Em410xDecode(BitStream
, &size
, &idx
);
359 //need to adjust to set bitstream back to manchester encoded data
360 //setDemodBuf(BitStream, size, idx);
370 //take 01 or 10 = 0 and 11 or 00 = 1
371 //takes 2 arguments "offset" default = 0 if 1 it will shift the decode by one bit
372 // and "invert" default = 0 if 1 it will invert output
373 // since it is not like manchester and doesn't have an incorrect bit pattern we
374 // cannot determine if our decode is correct or if it should be shifted by one bit
375 // the argument offset allows us to manually shift if the output is incorrect
376 // (better would be to demod and decode at the same time so we can distinguish large
377 // width waves vs small width waves to help the decode positioning) or askbiphdemod
378 int CmdBiphaseDecodeRaw(const char *Cmd
)
386 sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i", &offset
, &invert
);
387 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
388 //get graphbuffer & high and low
389 for (;i
<DemodBufferLen
;++i
){
390 if(DemodBuffer
[i
]>high
)high
=DemodBuffer
[i
];
391 else if(DemodBuffer
[i
]<low
)low
=DemodBuffer
[i
];
392 BitStream
[i
]=DemodBuffer
[i
];
394 if (high
>1 || low
<0){
395 PrintAndLog("Error: please raw demod the wave first then decode");
399 errCnt
=BiphaseRawDecode(BitStream
, &size
, offset
, invert
);
401 PrintAndLog("Too many errors attempting to decode: %d",errCnt
);
404 PrintAndLog("Biphase Decoded using offset: %d - # errors:%d - data:",offset
,errCnt
);
405 printBitStream(BitStream
, size
);
406 PrintAndLog("\nif bitstream does not look right try offset=1");
411 //takes 2 arguments - clock and invert both as integers
412 //attempts to demodulate ask only
413 //prints binary found and saves in graphbuffer for further commands
414 int Cmdaskrawdemod(const char *Cmd
)
418 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
419 sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i", &clk
, &invert
);
420 if (invert
!= 0 && invert
!= 1) {
421 PrintAndLog("Invalid argument: %s", Cmd
);
424 size_t BitLen
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
);
426 errCnt
= askrawdemod(BitStream
, &BitLen
,&clk
,&invert
);
427 if (errCnt
==-1||BitLen
<16){ //throw away static - allow 1 and -1 (in case of threshold command first)
428 PrintAndLog("no data found");
429 if (g_debugMode
==1) PrintAndLog("errCnt: %d, BitLen: %d, clk: %d, invert: %d", errCnt
, BitLen
, clk
, invert
);
432 PrintAndLog("Using Clock: %d - invert: %d - Bits Found: %d",clk
,invert
,BitLen
);
434 //move BitStream back to DemodBuffer
435 setDemodBuf(BitStream
,BitLen
,0);
439 PrintAndLog("# Errors during Demoding (shown as 77 in bit stream): %d",errCnt
);
441 PrintAndLog("ASK demoded bitstream:");
442 // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits
443 printBitStream(BitStream
,BitLen
);
448 int CmdAutoCorr(const char *Cmd
)
450 static int CorrelBuffer
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
];
452 int window
= atoi(Cmd
);
455 PrintAndLog("needs a window");
458 if (window
>= GraphTraceLen
) {
459 PrintAndLog("window must be smaller than trace (%d samples)",
464 PrintAndLog("performing %d correlations", GraphTraceLen
- window
);
466 for (int i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
- window
; ++i
) {
468 for (int j
= 0; j
< window
; ++j
) {
469 sum
+= (GraphBuffer
[j
]*GraphBuffer
[i
+ j
]) / 256;
471 CorrelBuffer
[i
] = sum
;
473 GraphTraceLen
= GraphTraceLen
- window
;
474 memcpy(GraphBuffer
, CorrelBuffer
, GraphTraceLen
* sizeof (int));
476 RepaintGraphWindow();
480 int CmdBitsamples(const char *Cmd
)
485 GetFromBigBuf(got
,sizeof(got
),0);
486 WaitForResponse(CMD_ACK
,NULL
);
488 for (int j
= 0; j
< sizeof(got
); j
++) {
489 for (int k
= 0; k
< 8; k
++) {
490 if(got
[j
] & (1 << (7 - k
))) {
491 GraphBuffer
[cnt
++] = 1;
493 GraphBuffer
[cnt
++] = 0;
498 RepaintGraphWindow();
503 * Convert to a bitstream
505 int CmdBitstream(const char *Cmd
)
513 int hithigh
, hitlow
, first
;
515 /* Detect high and lows and clock */
516 for (i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
)
518 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > high
)
519 high
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
520 else if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < low
)
521 low
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
525 clock
= GetClock(Cmd
, high
, 1);
529 for (i
= 0; i
< (int)(gtl
/ clock
); ++i
)
534 /* Find out if we hit both high and low peaks */
535 for (j
= 0; j
< clock
; ++j
)
537 if (GraphBuffer
[(i
* clock
) + j
] == high
)
539 else if (GraphBuffer
[(i
* clock
) + j
] == low
)
541 /* it doesn't count if it's the first part of our read
542 because it's really just trailing from the last sequence */
543 if (first
&& (hithigh
|| hitlow
))
544 hithigh
= hitlow
= 0;
548 if (hithigh
&& hitlow
)
552 /* If we didn't hit both high and low peaks, we had a bit transition */
553 if (!hithigh
|| !hitlow
)
556 AppendGraph(0, clock
, bit
);
559 RepaintGraphWindow();
563 int CmdBuffClear(const char *Cmd
)
565 UsbCommand c
= {CMD_BUFF_CLEAR
};
571 int CmdDec(const char *Cmd
)
573 for (int i
= 0; i
< (GraphTraceLen
/ 2); ++i
)
574 GraphBuffer
[i
] = GraphBuffer
[i
* 2];
576 PrintAndLog("decimated by 2");
577 RepaintGraphWindow();
581 * Undecimate - I'd call it 'interpolate', but we'll save that
582 * name until someone does an actual interpolation command, not just
583 * blindly repeating samples
587 int CmdUndec(const char *Cmd
)
589 if(param_getchar(Cmd
, 0) == 'h')
591 PrintAndLog("Usage: data undec [factor]");
592 PrintAndLog("This function performs un-decimation, by repeating each sample N times");
593 PrintAndLog("Options: ");
594 PrintAndLog(" h This help");
595 PrintAndLog(" factor The number of times to repeat each sample.[default:2]");
596 PrintAndLog("Example: 'data undec 3'");
600 uint8_t factor
= param_get8ex(Cmd
, 0,2, 10);
601 //We have memory, don't we?
602 int swap
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
] = { 0 };
603 uint32_t g_index
= 0 ,s_index
= 0;
604 while(g_index
< GraphTraceLen
&& s_index
< MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
)
607 for(count
= 0; count
< factor
&& s_index
+count
< MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
; count
++)
608 swap
[s_index
+count
] = GraphBuffer
[g_index
];
612 memcpy(GraphBuffer
,swap
, s_index
* sizeof(int));
613 GraphTraceLen
= s_index
;
614 RepaintGraphWindow();
619 //shift graph zero up or down based on input + or -
620 int CmdGraphShiftZero(const char *Cmd
)
624 //set options from parameters entered with the command
625 sscanf(Cmd
, "%i", &shift
);
627 for(int i
= 0; i
<GraphTraceLen
; i
++){
628 shiftedVal
=GraphBuffer
[i
]+shift
;
631 else if (shiftedVal
<-127)
633 GraphBuffer
[i
]= shiftedVal
;
639 /* Print our clock rate */
640 // uses data from graphbuffer
641 int CmdDetectClockRate(const char *Cmd
)
644 //int clock = DetectASKClock(0);
645 //PrintAndLog("Auto-detected clock rate: %d", clock);
650 //fsk raw demod and print binary
651 //takes 4 arguments - Clock, invert, rchigh, rclow
652 //defaults: clock = 50, invert=0, rchigh=10, rclow=8 (RF/10 RF/8 (fsk2a))
653 int CmdFSKrawdemod(const char *Cmd
)
655 //raw fsk demod no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave
661 //set options from parameters entered with the command
662 sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i %i %i", &rfLen
, &invert
, &fchigh
, &fclow
);
664 if (strlen(Cmd
)>0 && strlen(Cmd
)<=2) {
666 invert
=1; //if invert option only is used
671 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
672 size_t BitLen
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
);
673 //get field clock lengths
675 if (fchigh
==0 || fclow
== 0){
676 fcs
=countFC(BitStream
, BitLen
);
681 fchigh
= (fcs
>> 8) & 0xFF;
685 //get bit clock length
687 rfLen
= detectFSKClk(BitStream
, BitLen
, fchigh
, fclow
);
688 if (rfLen
== 0) rfLen
= 50;
690 PrintAndLog("Args invert: %d - Clock:%d - fchigh:%d - fclow: %d",invert
,rfLen
,fchigh
, fclow
);
691 int size
= fskdemod(BitStream
,BitLen
,(uint8_t)rfLen
,(uint8_t)invert
,(uint8_t)fchigh
,(uint8_t)fclow
);
693 PrintAndLog("FSK decoded bitstream:");
694 setDemodBuf(BitStream
,size
,0);
696 // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits
697 if(size
> (8*32)+2) size
= (8*32)+2; //only output a max of 8 blocks of 32 bits most tags will have full bit stream inside that sample size
698 printBitStream(BitStream
,size
);
700 PrintAndLog("no FSK data found");
705 //by marshmellow (based on existing demod + holiman's refactor)
706 //HID Prox demod - FSK RF/50 with preamble of 00011101 (then manchester encoded)
707 //print full HID Prox ID and some bit format details if found
708 int CmdFSKdemodHID(const char *Cmd
)
710 //raw fsk demod no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave
711 uint32_t hi2
=0, hi
=0, lo
=0;
713 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
714 size_t BitLen
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
);
715 //get binary from fsk wave
716 int idx
= HIDdemodFSK(BitStream
,&BitLen
,&hi2
,&hi
,&lo
);
720 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Just Noise Detected");
721 } else if (idx
== -2) {
722 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error demoding fsk");
723 } else if (idx
== -3) {
724 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Preamble not found");
725 } else if (idx
== -4) {
726 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error in Manchester data, SIZE: %d", BitLen
);
728 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error demoding fsk %d", idx
);
733 if (hi2
==0 && hi
==0 && lo
==0) {
734 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - no values found");
737 if (hi2
!= 0){ //extra large HID tags
738 PrintAndLog("HID Prox TAG ID: %x%08x%08x (%d)",
739 (unsigned int) hi2
, (unsigned int) hi
, (unsigned int) lo
, (unsigned int) (lo
>>1) & 0xFFFF);
741 else { //standard HID tags <38 bits
744 uint32_t cardnum
= 0;
745 if (((hi
>>5)&1)==1){//if bit 38 is set then < 37 bit format is used
747 lo2
=(((hi
& 31) << 12) | (lo
>>20)); //get bits 21-37 to check for format len bit
749 while(lo2
>1){ //find last bit set to 1 (format len bit)
757 cardnum
= (lo
>>1)&0xFFFF;
761 cardnum
= (lo
>>1)&0xFFFF;
762 fc
= ((hi
&1)<<15)|(lo
>>17);
765 cardnum
= (lo
>>1)&0xFFFFF;
766 fc
= ((hi
&1)<<11)|(lo
>>21);
769 else { //if bit 38 is not set then 37 bit format is used
774 cardnum
= (lo
>>1)&0x7FFFF;
775 fc
= ((hi
&0xF)<<12)|(lo
>>20);
778 PrintAndLog("HID Prox TAG ID: %x%08x (%d) - Format Len: %dbit - FC: %d - Card: %d",
779 (unsigned int) hi
, (unsigned int) lo
, (unsigned int) (lo
>>1) & 0xFFFF,
780 (unsigned int) fmtLen
, (unsigned int) fc
, (unsigned int) cardnum
);
782 setDemodBuf(BitStream
,BitLen
,idx
);
784 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx
, BitLen
);
791 //Paradox Prox demod - FSK RF/50 with preamble of 00001111 (then manchester encoded)
792 //print full Paradox Prox ID and some bit format details if found
793 int CmdFSKdemodParadox(const char *Cmd
)
795 //raw fsk demod no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave
796 uint32_t hi2
=0, hi
=0, lo
=0;
798 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
799 size_t BitLen
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
);
800 //get binary from fsk wave
801 int idx
= ParadoxdemodFSK(BitStream
,&BitLen
,&hi2
,&hi
,&lo
);
805 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Just Noise Detected");
806 } else if (idx
== -2) {
807 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error demoding fsk");
808 } else if (idx
== -3) {
809 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Preamble not found");
810 } else if (idx
== -4) {
811 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error in Manchester data");
813 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error demoding fsk %d", idx
);
818 if (hi2
==0 && hi
==0 && lo
==0){
819 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - no value found");
822 uint32_t fc
= ((hi
& 0x3)<<6) | (lo
>>26);
823 uint32_t cardnum
= (lo
>>10)&0xFFFF;
825 PrintAndLog("Paradox TAG ID: %x%08x - FC: %d - Card: %d - Checksum: %02x",
826 hi
>>10, (hi
& 0x3)<<26 | (lo
>>10), fc
, cardnum
, (lo
>>2) & 0xFF );
827 setDemodBuf(BitStream
,BitLen
,idx
);
829 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx
, BitLen
);
837 //IO-Prox demod - FSK RF/64 with preamble of 000000001
838 //print ioprox ID and some format details
839 int CmdFSKdemodIO(const char *Cmd
)
841 //raw fsk demod no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave
844 //something in graphbuffer?
845 if (GraphTraceLen
< 65) {
846 if (g_debugMode
)PrintAndLog("DEBUG: not enough samples in GraphBuffer");
849 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
850 size_t BitLen
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
);
852 //get binary from fsk wave
853 idx
= IOdemodFSK(BitStream
,BitLen
);
857 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Just Noise Detected");
858 } else if (idx
== -2) {
859 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: not enough samples");
860 } else if (idx
== -3) {
861 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: error during fskdemod");
862 } else if (idx
== -4) {
863 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Preamble not found");
864 } else if (idx
== -5) {
865 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Separator bits not found");
867 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error demoding fsk %d", idx
);
874 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: IO Prox Data not found - FSK Bits: %d",BitLen
);
875 if (BitLen
> 92) printBitStream(BitStream
,92);
880 //0 10 20 30 40 50 60
882 //01234567 8 90123456 7 89012345 6 78901234 5 67890123 4 56789012 3 45678901 23
883 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
884 //00000000 0 11110000 1 facility 1 version* 1 code*one 1 code*two 1 ???????? 11
886 //XSF(version)facility:codeone+codetwo (raw)
889 if (g_debugMode
==1) PrintAndLog("not enough bits found - bitlen: %d",BitLen
);
892 PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d",BitStream
[idx
], BitStream
[idx
+1], BitStream
[idx
+2], BitStream
[idx
+3], BitStream
[idx
+4], BitStream
[idx
+5], BitStream
[idx
+6], BitStream
[idx
+7], BitStream
[idx
+8]);
893 PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d",BitStream
[idx
+9], BitStream
[idx
+10], BitStream
[idx
+11],BitStream
[idx
+12],BitStream
[idx
+13],BitStream
[idx
+14],BitStream
[idx
+15],BitStream
[idx
+16],BitStream
[idx
+17]);
894 PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d facility",BitStream
[idx
+18], BitStream
[idx
+19], BitStream
[idx
+20],BitStream
[idx
+21],BitStream
[idx
+22],BitStream
[idx
+23],BitStream
[idx
+24],BitStream
[idx
+25],BitStream
[idx
+26]);
895 PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d version",BitStream
[idx
+27], BitStream
[idx
+28], BitStream
[idx
+29],BitStream
[idx
+30],BitStream
[idx
+31],BitStream
[idx
+32],BitStream
[idx
+33],BitStream
[idx
+34],BitStream
[idx
+35]);
896 PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d code1",BitStream
[idx
+36], BitStream
[idx
+37], BitStream
[idx
+38],BitStream
[idx
+39],BitStream
[idx
+40],BitStream
[idx
+41],BitStream
[idx
+42],BitStream
[idx
+43],BitStream
[idx
+44]);
897 PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d code2",BitStream
[idx
+45], BitStream
[idx
+46], BitStream
[idx
+47],BitStream
[idx
+48],BitStream
[idx
+49],BitStream
[idx
+50],BitStream
[idx
+51],BitStream
[idx
+52],BitStream
[idx
+53]);
898 PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d%d checksum",BitStream
[idx
+54],BitStream
[idx
+55],BitStream
[idx
+56],BitStream
[idx
+57],BitStream
[idx
+58],BitStream
[idx
+59],BitStream
[idx
+60],BitStream
[idx
+61],BitStream
[idx
+62],BitStream
[idx
+63]);
900 uint32_t code
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
,32);
901 uint32_t code2
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+32,32);
902 uint8_t version
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+27,8); //14,4
903 uint8_t facilitycode
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+18,8) ;
904 uint16_t number
= (bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+36,8)<<8)|(bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+45,8)); //36,9
905 PrintAndLog("IO Prox XSF(%02d)%02x:%05d (%08x%08x)",version
,facilitycode
,number
,code
,code2
);
906 setDemodBuf(BitStream
,64,idx
);
908 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing demod buffer:",idx
,64);
916 //AWID Prox demod - FSK RF/50 with preamble of 00000001 (always a 96 bit data stream)
917 //print full AWID Prox ID and some bit format details if found
918 int CmdFSKdemodAWID(const char *Cmd
)
922 //sscanf(Cmd, "%i", &verbose);
924 //raw fsk demod no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave
925 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
926 size_t size
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
);
928 //get binary from fsk wave
929 int idx
= AWIDdemodFSK(BitStream
, &size
);
933 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - not enough samples");
935 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - only noise found");
937 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - problem during FSK demod");
938 // else if (idx == -3)
939 // PrintAndLog("Error: thought we had a tag but the parity failed");
941 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - AWID preamble not found");
943 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - Size not correct: %d", size
);
945 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error %d",idx
);
951 // 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
953 // 01234567 890 1 234 5 678 9 012 3 456 7 890 1 234 5 678 9 012 3 456 7 890 1 234 5 678 9 012 3 - to 96
954 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
955 // 00000001 000 1 110 1 101 1 011 1 101 1 010 0 000 1 000 1 010 0 001 0 110 1 100 0 000 1 000 1
956 // premable bbb o bbb o bbw o fff o fff o ffc o ccc o ccc o ccc o ccc o ccc o wxx o xxx o xxx o - to 96
957 // |---26 bit---| |-----117----||-------------142-------------|
958 // b = format bit len, o = odd parity of last 3 bits
959 // f = facility code, c = card number
960 // w = wiegand parity
961 // (26 bit format shown)
963 //get raw ID before removing parities
964 uint32_t rawLo
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+64,32);
965 uint32_t rawHi
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+32,32);
966 uint32_t rawHi2
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
,32);
967 setDemodBuf(BitStream
,96,idx
);
969 size
= removeParity(BitStream
, idx
+8, 4, 1, 88);
971 if (g_debugMode
==1) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - at parity check-tag size does not match AWID format");
974 // ok valid card found!
977 // 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
979 // 01234567 8 90123456 7890123456789012 3 456789012345678901234567890123456
980 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
981 // 00011010 1 01110101 0000000010001110 1 000000000000000000000000000000000
982 // bbbbbbbb w ffffffff cccccccccccccccc w xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
983 // |26 bit| |-117--| |-----142------|
984 // b = format bit len, o = odd parity of last 3 bits
985 // f = facility code, c = card number
986 // w = wiegand parity
987 // (26 bit format shown)
990 uint32_t cardnum
= 0;
993 uint8_t fmtLen
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
,8);
995 fc
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+9, 8);
996 cardnum
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+17, 16);
997 code1
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+8,fmtLen
);
998 PrintAndLog("AWID Found - BitLength: %d, FC: %d, Card: %d - Wiegand: %x, Raw: %x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, fc
, cardnum
, code1
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
);
1000 cardnum
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+8+(fmtLen
-17), 16);
1002 code1
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+8,fmtLen
-32);
1003 code2
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+8+(fmtLen
-32),32);
1004 PrintAndLog("AWID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%d) - Wiegand: %x%08x, Raw: %x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, cardnum
, code1
, code2
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
);
1006 code1
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+8,fmtLen
);
1007 PrintAndLog("AWID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%d) - Wiegand: %x, Raw: %x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, cardnum
, code1
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
);
1011 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d Printing Demod Buffer:", idx
, 96);
1014 //todo - convert hi2, hi, lo to demodbuffer for future sim/clone commands
1019 //Pyramid Prox demod - FSK RF/50 with preamble of 0000000000000001 (always a 128 bit data stream)
1020 //print full Farpointe Data/Pyramid Prox ID and some bit format details if found
1021 int CmdFSKdemodPyramid(const char *Cmd
)
1023 //raw fsk demod no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave
1024 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
1025 size_t size
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
);
1027 //get binary from fsk wave
1028 int idx
= PyramiddemodFSK(BitStream
, &size
);
1030 if (g_debugMode
==1){
1032 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - not enough samples");
1034 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - only noise found");
1036 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - problem during FSK demod");
1038 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - Size not correct: %d", size
);
1040 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - Pyramid preamble not found");
1042 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - idx: %d",idx
);
1047 // 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
1049 // 0123456 7 8901234 5 6789012 3 4567890 1 2345678 9 0123456 7 8901234 5 6789012 3
1050 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1051 // 0000000 0 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1
1052 // premable xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o
1054 // 64 70 80 90 100 110 120
1056 // 4567890 1 2345678 9 0123456 7 8901234 5 6789012 3 4567890 1 2345678 9 0123456 7
1057 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1058 // 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1 0110111 0 0011000 1 0000001 0 0001100 1 1001010 0
1059 // xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xswffff o ffffccc o ccccccc o ccccccw o ppppppp o
1060 // |---115---||---------71---------|
1061 // s = format start bit, o = odd parity of last 7 bits
1062 // f = facility code, c = card number
1063 // w = wiegand parity, x = extra space for other formats
1064 // p = unknown checksum
1065 // (26 bit format shown)
1067 //get raw ID before removing parities
1068 uint32_t rawLo
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+96,32);
1069 uint32_t rawHi
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+64,32);
1070 uint32_t rawHi2
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+32,32);
1071 uint32_t rawHi3
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
,32);
1072 setDemodBuf(BitStream
,128,idx
);
1074 size
= removeParity(BitStream
, idx
+8, 8, 1, 120);
1076 if (g_debugMode
==1) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error at parity check-tag size does not match Pyramid format, SIZE: %d, IDX: %d, hi3: %x",size
, idx
, rawHi3
);
1080 // ok valid card found!
1083 // 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
1085 // 01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
1086 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
1087 // 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1088 // xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
1092 // 1 2 34567890 1234567890123456 7 8901234
1093 // ---------------------------------------
1094 // 1 1 01110011 0000000001000110 0 1001010
1095 // s w ffffffff cccccccccccccccc w ppppppp
1096 // |--115-| |------71------|
1097 // s = format start bit, o = odd parity of last 7 bits
1098 // f = facility code, c = card number
1099 // w = wiegand parity, x = extra space for other formats
1100 // p = unknown checksum
1101 // (26 bit format shown)
1103 //find start bit to get fmtLen
1105 for (j
=0; j
<size
; j
++){
1106 if(BitStream
[j
]) break;
1108 uint8_t fmtLen
= size
-j
-8;
1110 uint32_t cardnum
= 0;
1112 //uint32_t code2 = 0;
1114 fc
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+73, 8);
1115 cardnum
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+81, 16);
1116 code1
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+72,fmtLen
);
1117 PrintAndLog("Pyramid ID Found - BitLength: %d, FC: %d, Card: %d - Wiegand: %x, Raw: %x%08x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, fc
, cardnum
, code1
, rawHi3
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
);
1118 } else if (fmtLen
==45){
1119 fmtLen
=42; //end = 10 bits not 7 like 26 bit fmt
1120 fc
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+53, 10);
1121 cardnum
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+63, 32);
1122 PrintAndLog("Pyramid ID Found - BitLength: %d, FC: %d, Card: %d - Raw: %x%08x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, fc
, cardnum
, rawHi3
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
);
1124 cardnum
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+81, 16);
1126 //code1 = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+(size-fmtLen),fmtLen-32);
1127 //code2 = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+(size-32),32);
1128 PrintAndLog("Pyramid ID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%d), Raw: %x%08x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, cardnum
, rawHi3
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
);
1130 //code1 = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+(size-fmtLen),fmtLen);
1131 PrintAndLog("Pyramid ID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%d), Raw: %x%08x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, cardnum
, rawHi3
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
);
1135 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx
, 128);
1141 int CmdFSKdemod(const char *Cmd
) //old CmdFSKdemod needs updating
1143 static const int LowTone
[] = {
1144 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
1145 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
1146 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
1147 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
1148 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1
1150 static const int HighTone
[] = {
1151 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
1152 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
1153 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
1154 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
1155 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
1156 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
1159 int lowLen
= sizeof (LowTone
) / sizeof (int);
1160 int highLen
= sizeof (HighTone
) / sizeof (int);
1161 int convLen
= (highLen
> lowLen
) ? highLen
: lowLen
;
1162 uint32_t hi
= 0, lo
= 0;
1165 int minMark
= 0, maxMark
= 0;
1167 for (i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
- convLen
; ++i
) {
1168 int lowSum
= 0, highSum
= 0;
1170 for (j
= 0; j
< lowLen
; ++j
) {
1171 lowSum
+= LowTone
[j
]*GraphBuffer
[i
+j
];
1173 for (j
= 0; j
< highLen
; ++j
) {
1174 highSum
+= HighTone
[j
] * GraphBuffer
[i
+ j
];
1176 lowSum
= abs(100 * lowSum
/ lowLen
);
1177 highSum
= abs(100 * highSum
/ highLen
);
1178 GraphBuffer
[i
] = (highSum
<< 16) | lowSum
;
1181 for(i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
- convLen
- 16; ++i
) {
1182 int lowTot
= 0, highTot
= 0;
1183 // 10 and 8 are f_s divided by f_l and f_h, rounded
1184 for (j
= 0; j
< 10; ++j
) {
1185 lowTot
+= (GraphBuffer
[i
+j
] & 0xffff);
1187 for (j
= 0; j
< 8; j
++) {
1188 highTot
+= (GraphBuffer
[i
+ j
] >> 16);
1190 GraphBuffer
[i
] = lowTot
- highTot
;
1191 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > maxMark
) maxMark
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
1192 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < minMark
) minMark
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
1195 GraphTraceLen
-= (convLen
+ 16);
1196 RepaintGraphWindow();
1198 // Find bit-sync (3 lo followed by 3 high) (HID ONLY)
1199 int max
= 0, maxPos
= 0;
1200 for (i
= 0; i
< 6000; ++i
) {
1202 for (j
= 0; j
< 3 * lowLen
; ++j
) {
1203 dec
-= GraphBuffer
[i
+ j
];
1205 for (; j
< 3 * (lowLen
+ highLen
); ++j
) {
1206 dec
+= GraphBuffer
[i
+ j
];
1214 // place start of bit sync marker in graph
1215 GraphBuffer
[maxPos
] = maxMark
;
1216 GraphBuffer
[maxPos
+ 1] = minMark
;
1220 // place end of bit sync marker in graph
1221 GraphBuffer
[maxPos
] = maxMark
;
1222 GraphBuffer
[maxPos
+1] = minMark
;
1224 PrintAndLog("actual data bits start at sample %d", maxPos
);
1225 PrintAndLog("length %d/%d", highLen
, lowLen
);
1227 uint8_t bits
[46] = {0x00};
1229 // find bit pairs and manchester decode them
1230 for (i
= 0; i
< arraylen(bits
) - 1; ++i
) {
1232 for (j
= 0; j
< lowLen
; ++j
) {
1233 dec
-= GraphBuffer
[maxPos
+ j
];
1235 for (; j
< lowLen
+ highLen
; ++j
) {
1236 dec
+= GraphBuffer
[maxPos
+ j
];
1239 // place inter bit marker in graph
1240 GraphBuffer
[maxPos
] = maxMark
;
1241 GraphBuffer
[maxPos
+ 1] = minMark
;
1243 // hi and lo form a 64 bit pair
1244 hi
= (hi
<< 1) | (lo
>> 31);
1246 // store decoded bit as binary (in hi/lo) and text (in bits[])
1254 PrintAndLog("bits: '%s'", bits
);
1255 PrintAndLog("hex: %08x %08x", hi
, lo
);
1260 //attempt to detect the field clock and bit clock for FSK
1261 int CmdFSKfcDetect(const char *Cmd
)
1263 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
1264 size_t size
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
);
1266 uint16_t ans
= countFC(BitStream
, size
);
1268 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: No data found");
1272 fc1
= (ans
>> 8) & 0xFF;
1275 uint8_t rf1
= detectFSKClk(BitStream
, size
, fc1
, fc2
);
1277 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Clock detect error");
1280 PrintAndLog("Detected Field Clocks: FC/%d, FC/%d - Bit Clock: RF/%d", fc1
, fc2
, rf1
);
1285 //attempt to detect the bit clock for PSK or NRZ modulations
1286 int CmdDetectNRZpskClockRate(const char *Cmd
)
1288 GetNRZpskClock("",0,0);
1293 //attempt to psk1 or nrz demod graph buffer
1294 //NOTE CURRENTLY RELIES ON PEAKS :(
1295 int PSKnrzDemod(const char *Cmd
, uint8_t verbose
)
1299 sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i", &clk
, &invert
);
1300 if (invert
!= 0 && invert
!= 1) {
1301 PrintAndLog("Invalid argument: %s", Cmd
);
1304 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
1305 size_t BitLen
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
);
1307 errCnt
= pskNRZrawDemod(BitStream
, &BitLen
,&clk
,&invert
);
1308 if (errCnt
<0|| BitLen
<16){ //throw away static - allow 1 and -1 (in case of threshold command first)
1309 if (g_debugMode
==1) PrintAndLog("no data found, clk: %d, invert: %d, numbits: %d, errCnt: %d",clk
,invert
,BitLen
,errCnt
);
1312 if (verbose
) PrintAndLog("Tried PSK/NRZ Demod using Clock: %d - invert: %d - Bits Found: %d",clk
,invert
,BitLen
);
1314 //prime demod buffer for output
1315 setDemodBuf(BitStream
,BitLen
,0);
1318 // Indala 26 bit decode
1320 // optional arguments - same as CmdpskNRZrawDemod (clock & invert)
1321 int CmdIndalaDecode(const char *Cmd
)
1325 ans
= PSKnrzDemod(Cmd
, 0);
1326 } else{ //default to RF/32
1327 ans
= PSKnrzDemod("32", 0);
1332 PrintAndLog("Error1: %d",ans
);
1336 ans
= indala26decode(DemodBuffer
,(size_t *) &DemodBufferLen
, &invert
);
1339 PrintAndLog("Error2: %d",ans
);
1342 char showbits
[251]={0x00};
1345 PrintAndLog("Had to invert bits");
1347 //convert UID to HEX
1348 uint32_t uid1
, uid2
, uid3
, uid4
, uid5
, uid6
, uid7
;
1352 PrintAndLog("BitLen: %d",DemodBufferLen
);
1353 if (DemodBufferLen
==64){
1354 for( idx
=0; idx
<64; idx
++) {
1355 uid1
=(uid1
<<1)|(uid2
>>31);
1356 if (DemodBuffer
[idx
] == 0) {
1365 PrintAndLog("Indala UID=%s (%x%08x)", showbits
, uid1
, uid2
);
1373 for( idx
=0; idx
<DemodBufferLen
; idx
++) {
1374 uid1
=(uid1
<<1)|(uid2
>>31);
1375 uid2
=(uid2
<<1)|(uid3
>>31);
1376 uid3
=(uid3
<<1)|(uid4
>>31);
1377 uid4
=(uid4
<<1)|(uid5
>>31);
1378 uid5
=(uid5
<<1)|(uid6
>>31);
1379 uid6
=(uid6
<<1)|(uid7
>>31);
1380 if (DemodBuffer
[idx
] == 0) {
1390 PrintAndLog("Indala UID=%s (%x%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x)", showbits
, uid1
, uid2
, uid3
, uid4
, uid5
, uid6
, uid7
);
1393 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: printing demodbuffer:");
1400 //attempt to clean psk wave noise after a peak
1401 //NOTE RELIES ON PEAKS :(
1402 int CmdPskClean(const char *Cmd
)
1404 uint8_t bitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0};
1405 size_t bitLen
= getFromGraphBuf(bitStream
);
1406 pskCleanWave(bitStream
, bitLen
);
1407 setGraphBuf(bitStream
, bitLen
);
1412 // takes 2 arguments - clock and invert both as integers
1413 // attempts to demodulate psk only
1414 // prints binary found and saves in demodbuffer for further commands
1415 int CmdpskNRZrawDemod(const char *Cmd
)
1419 errCnt
= PSKnrzDemod(Cmd
, 1);
1422 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("Error demoding: %d",errCnt
);
1427 PrintAndLog("# Errors during Demoding (shown as 77 in bit stream): %d",errCnt
);
1428 PrintAndLog("PSK or NRZ demoded bitstream:");
1429 // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits
1433 PrintAndLog("PSK or NRZ demoded bitstream:");
1434 // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits
1442 // takes same args as cmdpsknrzrawdemod
1443 int CmdPSK2rawDemod(const char *Cmd
)
1446 errCnt
=PSKnrzDemod(Cmd
, 1);
1448 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("Error demoding: %d",errCnt
);
1451 psk1TOpsk2(DemodBuffer
, DemodBufferLen
);
1454 PrintAndLog("# Errors during Demoding (shown as 77 in bit stream): %d",errCnt
);
1455 PrintAndLog("PSK2 demoded bitstream:");
1456 // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits
1460 PrintAndLog("PSK2 demoded bitstream:");
1461 // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits
1467 int CmdGrid(const char *Cmd
)
1469 sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i", &PlotGridX
, &PlotGridY
);
1470 PlotGridXdefault
= PlotGridX
;
1471 PlotGridYdefault
= PlotGridY
;
1472 RepaintGraphWindow();
1476 int CmdHexsamples(const char *Cmd
)
1481 char string_buf
[25];
1482 char* string_ptr
= string_buf
;
1483 uint8_t got
[BIGBUF_SIZE
];
1485 sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i", &requested
, &offset
);
1487 /* if no args send something */
1488 if (requested
== 0) {
1491 if (offset
+ requested
> sizeof(got
)) {
1492 PrintAndLog("Tried to read past end of buffer, <bytes> + <offset> > %d", BIGBUF_SIZE
);
1496 GetFromBigBuf(got
,requested
,offset
);
1497 WaitForResponse(CMD_ACK
,NULL
);
1500 for (j
= 0; j
< requested
; j
++) {
1502 string_ptr
+= sprintf(string_ptr
, "%02x ", got
[j
]);
1504 *(string_ptr
- 1) = '\0'; // remove the trailing space
1505 PrintAndLog("%s", string_buf
);
1506 string_buf
[0] = '\0';
1507 string_ptr
= string_buf
;
1510 if (j
== requested
- 1 && string_buf
[0] != '\0') { // print any remaining bytes
1511 *(string_ptr
- 1) = '\0';
1512 PrintAndLog("%s", string_buf
);
1513 string_buf
[0] = '\0';
1519 int CmdHide(const char *Cmd
)
1525 int CmdHpf(const char *Cmd
)
1530 for (i
= 10; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
)
1531 accum
+= GraphBuffer
[i
];
1532 accum
/= (GraphTraceLen
- 10);
1533 for (i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
)
1534 GraphBuffer
[i
] -= accum
;
1536 RepaintGraphWindow();
1545 bool _headBit( BitstreamOut
*stream
)
1547 int bytepos
= stream
->position
>> 3; // divide by 8
1548 int bitpos
= (stream
->position
++) & 7; // mask out 00000111
1549 return (*(stream
->buffer
+ bytepos
) >> (7-bitpos
)) & 1;
1552 uint8_t getByte(uint8_t bits_per_sample
, BitstreamOut
* b
)
1556 for(i
=0 ; i
< bits_per_sample
; i
++)
1558 val
|= (_headBit(b
) << (7-i
));
1563 int CmdSamples(const char *Cmd
)
1565 //If we get all but the last byte in bigbuf,
1566 // we don't have to worry about remaining trash
1567 // in the last byte in case the bits-per-sample
1568 // does not line up on byte boundaries
1569 uint8_t got
[BIGBUF_SIZE
-1] = { 0 };
1571 int n
= strtol(Cmd
, NULL
, 0);
1575 if (n
> sizeof(got
))
1578 PrintAndLog("Reading %d bytes from device memory\n", n
);
1579 GetFromBigBuf(got
,n
,0);
1580 PrintAndLog("Data fetched");
1581 UsbCommand response
;
1582 WaitForResponse(CMD_ACK
, &response
);
1583 uint8_t bits_per_sample
= 8;
1585 //Old devices without this feature would send 0 at arg[0]
1586 if(response
.arg
[0] > 0)
1588 sample_config
*sc
= (sample_config
*) response
.d
.asBytes
;
1589 PrintAndLog("Samples @ %d bits/smpl, decimation 1:%d ", sc
->bits_per_sample
1591 bits_per_sample
= sc
->bits_per_sample
;
1593 if(bits_per_sample
< 8)
1595 PrintAndLog("Unpacking...");
1596 BitstreamOut bout
= { got
, bits_per_sample
* n
, 0};
1598 for (j
= 0; j
* bits_per_sample
< n
* 8 && j
< sizeof(GraphBuffer
); j
++) {
1599 uint8_t sample
= getByte(bits_per_sample
, &bout
);
1600 GraphBuffer
[j
] = ((int) sample
)- 128;
1603 PrintAndLog("Unpacked %d samples" , j
);
1606 for (int j
= 0; j
< n
; j
++) {
1607 GraphBuffer
[j
] = ((int)got
[j
]) - 128;
1612 RepaintGraphWindow();
1616 int CmdTuneSamples(const char *Cmd
)
1619 printf("\nMeasuring antenna characteristics, please wait...");
1621 UsbCommand c
= {CMD_MEASURE_ANTENNA_TUNING
};
1625 while(!WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_MEASURED_ANTENNA_TUNING
,&resp
,1000)) {
1629 PrintAndLog("\nNo response from Proxmark. Aborting...");
1635 int vLf125
, vLf134
, vHf
;
1636 vLf125
= resp
.arg
[0] & 0xffff;
1637 vLf134
= resp
.arg
[0] >> 16;
1638 vHf
= resp
.arg
[1] & 0xffff;;
1639 peakf
= resp
.arg
[2] & 0xffff;
1640 peakv
= resp
.arg
[2] >> 16;
1642 PrintAndLog("# LF antenna: %5.2f V @ 125.00 kHz", vLf125
/1000.0);
1643 PrintAndLog("# LF antenna: %5.2f V @ 134.00 kHz", vLf134
/1000.0);
1644 PrintAndLog("# LF optimal: %5.2f V @%9.2f kHz", peakv
/1000.0, 12000.0/(peakf
+1));
1645 PrintAndLog("# HF antenna: %5.2f V @ 13.56 MHz", vHf
/1000.0);
1647 PrintAndLog("# Your LF antenna is unusable.");
1648 else if (peakv
<10000)
1649 PrintAndLog("# Your LF antenna is marginal.");
1651 PrintAndLog("# Your HF antenna is unusable.");
1653 PrintAndLog("# Your HF antenna is marginal.");
1655 for (int i
= 0; i
< 256; i
++) {
1656 GraphBuffer
[i
] = resp
.d
.asBytes
[i
] - 128;
1659 PrintAndLog("Done! Divisor 89 is 134khz, 95 is 125khz.\n");
1661 GraphTraceLen
= 256;
1668 int CmdLoad(const char *Cmd
)
1670 char filename
[FILE_PATH_SIZE
] = {0x00};
1674 if (len
> FILE_PATH_SIZE
) len
= FILE_PATH_SIZE
;
1675 memcpy(filename
, Cmd
, len
);
1677 FILE *f
= fopen(filename
, "r");
1679 PrintAndLog("couldn't open '%s'", filename
);
1685 while (fgets(line
, sizeof (line
), f
)) {
1686 GraphBuffer
[GraphTraceLen
] = atoi(line
);
1690 PrintAndLog("loaded %d samples", GraphTraceLen
);
1691 RepaintGraphWindow();
1695 int CmdLtrim(const char *Cmd
)
1699 for (int i
= ds
; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
)
1700 GraphBuffer
[i
-ds
] = GraphBuffer
[i
];
1701 GraphTraceLen
-= ds
;
1703 RepaintGraphWindow();
1707 // trim graph to input argument length
1708 int CmdRtrim(const char *Cmd
)
1714 RepaintGraphWindow();
1719 * Manchester demodulate a bitstream. The bitstream needs to be already in
1720 * the GraphBuffer as 0 and 1 values
1722 * Give the clock rate as argument in order to help the sync - the algorithm
1723 * resyncs at each pulse anyway.
1725 * Not optimized by any means, this is the 1st time I'm writing this type of
1726 * routine, feel free to improve...
1728 * 1st argument: clock rate (as number of samples per clock rate)
1729 * Typical values can be 64, 32, 128...
1731 int CmdManchesterDemod(const char *Cmd
)
1733 int i
, j
, invert
= 0;
1739 int hithigh
, hitlow
, first
;
1745 /* check if we're inverting output */
1748 PrintAndLog("Inverting output");
1753 while(*Cmd
== ' '); // in case a 2nd argument was given
1756 /* Holds the decoded bitstream: each clock period contains 2 bits */
1757 /* later simplified to 1 bit after manchester decoding. */
1758 /* Add 10 bits to allow for noisy / uncertain traces without aborting */
1759 /* int BitStream[GraphTraceLen*2/clock+10]; */
1761 /* But it does not work if compiling on WIndows: therefore we just allocate a */
1763 uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
] = {0};
1765 /* Detect high and lows */
1766 for (i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
; i
++)
1768 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > high
)
1769 high
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
1770 else if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < low
)
1771 low
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
1775 clock
= GetClock(Cmd
, high
, 1);
1777 int tolerance
= clock
/4;
1779 /* Detect first transition */
1780 /* Lo-Hi (arbitrary) */
1781 /* skip to the first high */
1782 for (i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
; i
++)
1783 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] == high
)
1785 /* now look for the first low */
1786 for (; i
< GraphTraceLen
; i
++)
1788 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] == low
)
1795 /* If we're not working with 1/0s, demod based off clock */
1798 bit
= 0; /* We assume the 1st bit is zero, it may not be
1799 * the case: this routine (I think) has an init problem.
1802 for (; i
< (int)(GraphTraceLen
/ clock
); i
++)
1808 /* Find out if we hit both high and low peaks */
1809 for (j
= 0; j
< clock
; j
++)
1811 if (GraphBuffer
[(i
* clock
) + j
] == high
)
1813 else if (GraphBuffer
[(i
* clock
) + j
] == low
)
1816 /* it doesn't count if it's the first part of our read
1817 because it's really just trailing from the last sequence */
1818 if (first
&& (hithigh
|| hitlow
))
1819 hithigh
= hitlow
= 0;
1823 if (hithigh
&& hitlow
)
1827 /* If we didn't hit both high and low peaks, we had a bit transition */
1828 if (!hithigh
|| !hitlow
)
1831 BitStream
[bit2idx
++] = bit
^ invert
;
1835 /* standard 1/0 bitstream */
1839 /* Then detect duration between 2 successive transitions */
1840 for (bitidx
= 1; i
< GraphTraceLen
; i
++)
1842 if (GraphBuffer
[i
-1] != GraphBuffer
[i
])
1847 // Error check: if bitidx becomes too large, we do not
1848 // have a Manchester encoded bitstream or the clock is really
1850 if (bitidx
> (GraphTraceLen
*2/clock
+8) ) {
1851 PrintAndLog("Error: the clock you gave is probably wrong, aborting.");
1854 // Then switch depending on lc length:
1855 // Tolerance is 1/4 of clock rate (arbitrary)
1856 if (abs(lc
-clock
/2) < tolerance
) {
1857 // Short pulse : either "1" or "0"
1858 BitStream
[bitidx
++]=GraphBuffer
[i
-1];
1859 } else if (abs(lc
-clock
) < tolerance
) {
1860 // Long pulse: either "11" or "00"
1861 BitStream
[bitidx
++]=GraphBuffer
[i
-1];
1862 BitStream
[bitidx
++]=GraphBuffer
[i
-1];
1866 PrintAndLog("Warning: Manchester decode error for pulse width detection.");
1867 PrintAndLog("(too many of those messages mean either the stream is not Manchester encoded, or clock is wrong)");
1871 PrintAndLog("Error: too many detection errors, aborting.");
1878 // At this stage, we now have a bitstream of "01" ("1") or "10" ("0"), parse it into final decoded bitstream
1879 // Actually, we overwrite BitStream with the new decoded bitstream, we just need to be careful
1880 // to stop output at the final bitidx2 value, not bitidx
1881 for (i
= 0; i
< bitidx
; i
+= 2) {
1882 if ((BitStream
[i
] == 0) && (BitStream
[i
+1] == 1)) {
1883 BitStream
[bit2idx
++] = 1 ^ invert
;
1884 } else if ((BitStream
[i
] == 1) && (BitStream
[i
+1] == 0)) {
1885 BitStream
[bit2idx
++] = 0 ^ invert
;
1887 // We cannot end up in this state, this means we are unsynchronized,
1891 PrintAndLog("Unsynchronized, resync...");
1892 PrintAndLog("(too many of those messages mean the stream is not Manchester encoded)");
1896 PrintAndLog("Error: too many decode errors, aborting.");
1903 PrintAndLog("Manchester decoded bitstream");
1904 // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits
1905 for (i
= 0; i
< (bit2idx
-16); i
+=16) {
1906 PrintAndLog("%i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i",
1927 /* Modulate our data into manchester */
1928 int CmdManchesterMod(const char *Cmd
)
1932 int bit
, lastbit
, wave
;
1935 clock
= GetClock(Cmd
, 0, 1);
1939 for (i
= 0; i
< (int)(GraphTraceLen
/ clock
); i
++)
1941 bit
= GraphBuffer
[i
* clock
] ^ 1;
1943 for (j
= 0; j
< (int)(clock
/2); j
++)
1944 GraphBuffer
[(i
* clock
) + j
] = bit
^ lastbit
^ wave
;
1945 for (j
= (int)(clock
/2); j
< clock
; j
++)
1946 GraphBuffer
[(i
* clock
) + j
] = bit
^ lastbit
^ wave
^ 1;
1948 /* Keep track of how we start our wave and if we changed or not this time */
1949 wave
^= bit
^ lastbit
;
1953 RepaintGraphWindow();
1957 int CmdNorm(const char *Cmd
)
1960 int max
= INT_MIN
, min
= INT_MAX
;
1962 for (i
= 10; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) {
1963 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > max
)
1964 max
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
1965 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < min
)
1966 min
= GraphBuffer
[i
];
1970 for (i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) {
1971 GraphBuffer
[i
] = (GraphBuffer
[i
] - ((max
+ min
) / 2)) * 256 /
1973 //marshmelow: adjusted *1000 to *256 to make +/- 128 so demod commands still work
1976 RepaintGraphWindow();
1980 int CmdPlot(const char *Cmd
)
1986 int CmdSave(const char *Cmd
)
1988 char filename
[FILE_PATH_SIZE
] = {0x00};
1992 if (len
> FILE_PATH_SIZE
) len
= FILE_PATH_SIZE
;
1993 memcpy(filename
, Cmd
, len
);
1996 FILE *f
= fopen(filename
, "w");
1998 PrintAndLog("couldn't open '%s'", filename
);
2002 for (i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
; i
++) {
2003 fprintf(f
, "%d\n", GraphBuffer
[i
]);
2006 PrintAndLog("saved to '%s'", Cmd
);
2010 int CmdScale(const char *Cmd
)
2012 CursorScaleFactor
= atoi(Cmd
);
2013 if (CursorScaleFactor
== 0) {
2014 PrintAndLog("bad, can't have zero scale");
2015 CursorScaleFactor
= 1;
2017 RepaintGraphWindow();
2021 int CmdThreshold(const char *Cmd
)
2023 int threshold
= atoi(Cmd
);
2025 for (int i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) {
2026 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] >= threshold
)
2029 GraphBuffer
[i
] = -1;
2031 RepaintGraphWindow();
2035 int CmdDirectionalThreshold(const char *Cmd
)
2037 int8_t upThres
= param_get8(Cmd
, 0);
2038 int8_t downThres
= param_get8(Cmd
, 1);
2040 printf("Applying Up Threshold: %d, Down Threshold: %d\n", upThres
, downThres
);
2042 int lastValue
= GraphBuffer
[0];
2043 GraphBuffer
[0] = 0; // Will be changed at the end, but init 0 as we adjust to last samples value if no threshold kicks in.
2045 for (int i
= 1; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) {
2046 // Apply first threshold to samples heading up
2047 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] >= upThres
&& GraphBuffer
[i
] > lastValue
)
2049 lastValue
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; // Buffer last value as we overwrite it.
2052 // Apply second threshold to samples heading down
2053 else if (GraphBuffer
[i
] <= downThres
&& GraphBuffer
[i
] < lastValue
)
2055 lastValue
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; // Buffer last value as we overwrite it.
2056 GraphBuffer
[i
] = -1;
2060 lastValue
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; // Buffer last value as we overwrite it.
2061 GraphBuffer
[i
] = GraphBuffer
[i
-1];
2065 GraphBuffer
[0] = GraphBuffer
[1]; // Aline with first edited sample.
2066 RepaintGraphWindow();
2070 int CmdZerocrossings(const char *Cmd
)
2072 // Zero-crossings aren't meaningful unless the signal is zero-mean.
2079 for (int i
= 0; i
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) {
2080 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] * sign
>= 0) {
2081 // No change in sign, reproduce the previous sample count.
2083 GraphBuffer
[i
] = lastZc
;
2085 // Change in sign, reset the sample count.
2087 GraphBuffer
[i
] = lastZc
;
2095 RepaintGraphWindow();
2099 static command_t CommandTable
[] =
2101 {"help", CmdHelp
, 1, "This help"},
2102 {"amp", CmdAmp
, 1, "Amplify peaks"},
2103 {"askdemod", Cmdaskdemod
, 1, "<0 or 1> -- Attempt to demodulate simple ASK tags"},
2104 {"askmandemod", Cmdaskmandemod
, 1, "[clock] [invert<0|1>] -- Attempt to demodulate ASK/Manchester tags and output binary (args optional)"},
2105 {"askrawdemod", Cmdaskrawdemod
, 1, "[clock] [invert<0|1>] -- Attempt to demodulate ASK tags and output bin (args optional)"},
2106 {"autocorr", CmdAutoCorr
, 1, "<window length> -- Autocorrelation over window"},
2107 {"biphaserawdecode",CmdBiphaseDecodeRaw
,1,"[offset] [invert<0|1>] Biphase decode bin stream in demod buffer (offset = 0|1 bits to shift the decode start)"},
2108 {"bitsamples", CmdBitsamples
, 0, "Get raw samples as bitstring"},
2109 {"bitstream", CmdBitstream
, 1, "[clock rate] -- Convert waveform into a bitstream"},
2110 {"buffclear", CmdBuffClear
, 1, "Clear sample buffer and graph window"},
2111 {"dec", CmdDec
, 1, "Decimate samples"},
2112 {"detectclock", CmdDetectClockRate
, 1, "Detect ASK clock rate"},
2113 {"fskdemod", CmdFSKdemod
, 1, "Demodulate graph window as a HID FSK"},
2114 {"fskawiddemod", CmdFSKdemodAWID
, 1, "Demodulate graph window as an AWID FSK tag using raw"},
2115 {"fskfcdetect", CmdFSKfcDetect
, 1, "Try to detect the Field Clock of an FSK wave"},
2116 {"fskhiddemod", CmdFSKdemodHID
, 1, "Demodulate graph window as a HID FSK tag using raw"},
2117 {"fskiodemod", CmdFSKdemodIO
, 1, "Demodulate graph window as an IO Prox tag FSK using raw"},
2118 {"fskpyramiddemod",CmdFSKdemodPyramid
,1, "Demodulate graph window as a Pyramid FSK tag using raw"},
2119 {"fskparadoxdemod",CmdFSKdemodParadox
,1, "Demodulate graph window as a Paradox FSK tag using raw"},
2120 {"fskrawdemod", CmdFSKrawdemod
, 1, "[clock rate] [invert] [rchigh] [rclow] Demodulate graph window from FSK to bin (clock = 50)(invert = 1|0)(rchigh = 10)(rclow=8)"},
2121 {"grid", CmdGrid
, 1, "<x> <y> -- overlay grid on graph window, use zero value to turn off either"},
2122 {"hexsamples", CmdHexsamples
, 0, "<bytes> [<offset>] -- Dump big buffer as hex bytes"},
2123 {"hide", CmdHide
, 1, "Hide graph window"},
2124 {"hpf", CmdHpf
, 1, "Remove DC offset from trace"},
2125 {"load", CmdLoad
, 1, "<filename> -- Load trace (to graph window"},
2126 {"ltrim", CmdLtrim
, 1, "<samples> -- Trim samples from left of trace"},
2127 {"rtrim", CmdRtrim
, 1, "<location to end trace> -- Trim samples from right of trace"},
2128 {"mandemod", CmdManchesterDemod
, 1, "[i] [clock rate] -- Manchester demodulate binary stream (option 'i' to invert output)"},
2129 {"manrawdecode", Cmdmandecoderaw
, 1, "Manchester decode binary stream already in graph buffer"},
2130 {"manmod", CmdManchesterMod
, 1, "[clock rate] -- Manchester modulate a binary stream"},
2131 {"norm", CmdNorm
, 1, "Normalize max/min to +/-128"},
2132 {"plot", CmdPlot
, 1, "Show graph window (hit 'h' in window for keystroke help)"},
2133 {"pskclean", CmdPskClean
, 1, "Attempt to clean psk wave"},
2134 {"pskdetectclock",CmdDetectNRZpskClockRate
, 1, "Detect ASK, PSK, or NRZ clock rate"},
2135 {"pskindalademod",CmdIndalaDecode
, 1, "[clock] [invert<0|1>] -- Attempt to demodulate psk1 indala tags and output ID binary & hex (args optional)"},
2136 {"psk1nrzrawdemod",CmdpskNRZrawDemod
, 1, "[clock] [invert<0|1>] -- Attempt to demodulate psk1 or nrz tags and output binary (args optional)"},
2137 {"psk2rawdemod", CmdPSK2rawDemod
, 1, "[clock] [invert<0|1>] -- Attempt to demodulate psk2 tags and output binary (args optional)"},
2138 {"samples", CmdSamples
, 0, "[512 - 40000] -- Get raw samples for graph window"},
2139 {"save", CmdSave
, 1, "<filename> -- Save trace (from graph window)"},
2140 {"scale", CmdScale
, 1, "<int> -- Set cursor display scale"},
2141 {"setdebugmode", CmdSetDebugMode
, 1, "<0|1> -- Turn on or off Debugging Mode for demods"},
2142 {"shiftgraphzero",CmdGraphShiftZero
, 1, "<shift> -- Shift 0 for Graphed wave + or - shift value"},
2143 {"threshold", CmdThreshold
, 1, "<threshold> -- Maximize/minimize every value in the graph window depending on threshold"},
2144 {"dirthreshold", CmdDirectionalThreshold
, 1, "<thres up> <thres down> -- Max rising higher up-thres/ Min falling lower down-thres, keep rest as prev."},
2145 {"tune", CmdTuneSamples
, 0, "Get hw tune samples for graph window"},
2146 {"undec", CmdUndec
, 1, "Un-decimate samples by 2"},
2147 {"zerocrossings", CmdZerocrossings
, 1, "Count time between zero-crossings"},
2148 {NULL
, NULL
, 0, NULL
}
2151 int CmdData(const char *Cmd
)
2153 CmdsParse(CommandTable
, Cmd
);
2157 int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd
)
2159 CmdsHelp(CommandTable
);