1 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 // Copyright (C) 2010 iZsh <izsh at fail0verflow.com>
4 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
5 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
7 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 // Low frequency EM4x commands
9 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 #include "proxmark3.h"
18 #include "cmdparser.h"
21 #include "cmdlfem4x.h"
26 char *global_em410xId
;
28 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd
);
30 int CmdEMdemodASK(const char *Cmd
)
32 char cmdp
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0);
33 int findone
= (cmdp
== '1') ? 1 : 0;
34 UsbCommand c
={CMD_EM410X_DEMOD
};
40 /* Read the ID of an EM410x tag.
42 * 1111 1111 1 <-- standard non-repeatable header
43 * XXXX [row parity bit] <-- 10 rows of 5 bits for our 40 bit tag ID
45 * CCCC <-- each bit here is parity for the 10 bits above in corresponding column
46 * 0 <-- stop bit, end of tag
48 int CmdEM410xRead(const char *Cmd
)
53 if(!AskEm410xDemod("", &hi
, &lo
, false)) return 0;
54 PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: ");
57 PrintAndLog ("EM410x XL pattern found");
61 //sprintf(id, "%010llx",lo);
62 sprintf(id
, "%010" PRIu64
", lo);
68 // emulate an EM410X tag
69 int CmdEM410xSim(const char *Cmd)
71 int i, n, j, binary[4], parity[4];
73 char cmdp = param_getchar(Cmd, 0);
74 uint8_t uid[5] = {0x00};
76 if (cmdp == 'h' || cmdp == 'H') {
77 PrintAndLog("Usage
: lf em4x em410xsim
<UID
> <clock
>");
79 PrintAndLog(" sample
: lf em4x em410xsim
0F0368568B
");
82 /* clock is 64 in EM410x tags */
85 if (param_gethex(Cmd, 0, uid, 10)) {
86 PrintAndLog("UID must include
10 HEX symbols
");
89 param_getdec(Cmd, 1, &clock);
91 PrintAndLog("Starting simulating UID
%02X
%02X
%02X
%02X
%02X clock
: %d
", uid[0],uid[1],uid[2],uid[3],uid[4],clock);
92 PrintAndLog("Press pm3
-button to about simulation
");
98 /* write 9 start bits */
99 for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
100 AppendGraph(0, clock, 1);
102 /* for each hex char */
103 parity[0] = parity[1] = parity[2] = parity[3] = 0;
104 for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
106 /* read each hex char */
107 sscanf(&Cmd[i], "%1x
", &n);
108 for (j = 3; j >= 0; j--, n/= 2)
111 /* append each bit */
112 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0]);
113 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[1]);
114 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[2]);
115 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[3]);
117 /* append parity bit */
118 AppendGraph(0, clock, binary[0] ^ binary[1] ^ binary[2] ^ binary[3]);
120 /* keep track of column parity */
121 parity[0] ^= binary[0];
122 parity[1] ^= binary[1];
123 parity[2] ^= binary[2];
124 parity[3] ^= binary[3];
128 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[0]);
129 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[1]);
130 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[2]);
131 AppendGraph(0, clock, parity[3]);
134 AppendGraph(1, clock, 0);
136 CmdLFSim("0"); //240 start_gap.
140 /* Function is equivalent of lf read + data samples + em410xread
141 * looped until an EM410x tag is detected
143 * Why is CmdSamples("16000")?
144 * TBD: Auto-grow sample size based on detected sample rate. IE: If the
145 * rate gets lower, then grow the number of samples
146 * Changed by martin, 4000 x 4 = 16000,
147 * see http://www.proxmark.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=7235#p7235
149 int CmdEM410xWatch(const char *Cmd)
153 printf("\naborted via keyboard
!\n");
158 getSamples("8201",true); //capture enough to get 2 complete preambles (4096*2+9)
159 } while (!CmdEM410xRead(""));
164 //currently only supports manchester modulations
165 int CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof(const char *Cmd)
168 PrintAndLog("# Replaying captured ID: %s",global_em410xId);
173 int CmdEM410xWrite(const char *Cmd)
175 uint64_t id = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF; // invalid id value
176 int card = 0xFF; // invalid card value
177 uint32_t clock = 0; // invalid clock value
179 sscanf(Cmd, "%" PRIx64 " %d %d", &id, &card, &clock);
182 if (id == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) {
183 PrintAndLog("Error! ID is required.\n");
186 if (id >= 0x10000000000) {
187 PrintAndLog("Error! Given EM410x ID is longer than 40 bits.\n");
193 PrintAndLog("Error! Card type required.\n");
197 PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
206 // Allowed clock rates: 16, 32, 40 and 64
207 if ((clock != 16) && (clock != 32) && (clock != 64) && (clock != 40)) {
208 PrintAndLog("Error! Clock rate %d not valid. Supported clock rates are 16, 32, 40 and 64.\n", clock);
213 PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64 " (clock rate: %d)", "T55x7", id, clock);
214 // NOTE: We really should pass the clock in as a separate argument, but to
215 // provide for backwards-compatibility for older firmware, and to avoid
216 // having to add another argument to CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, we just store
217 // the clock rate in bits 8-15 of the card value
218 card = (card & 0xFF) | ((clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
219 } else if (card == 0) {
220 PrintAndLog("Writing %s tag with UID 0x%010" PRIx64, "T5555", id, clock);
221 card = (card & 0xFF) | ((clock << 8) & 0xFF00);
223 PrintAndLog("Error! Bad card type selected.\n");
227 UsbCommand c = {CMD_EM410X_WRITE_TAG, {card, (uint32_t)(id >> 32), (uint32_t)id}};
232 bool EM_EndParityTest(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, uint8_t rows, uint8_t cols, uint8_t pType)
234 if (rows*cols>size) return false;
236 //assume last col is a parity and do not test
237 for (uint8_t colNum = 0; colNum < cols-1; colNum++) {
238 for (uint8_t rowNum = 0; rowNum < rows; rowNum++) {
239 colP ^= BitStream[(rowNum*cols)+colNum];
241 if (colP != pType) return false;
246 bool EM_ByteParityTest(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, uint8_t rows, uint8_t cols, uint8_t pType)
248 if (rows*cols>size) return false;
250 //assume last row is a parity row and do not test
251 for (uint8_t rowNum = 0; rowNum < rows-1; rowNum++) {
252 for (uint8_t colNum = 0; colNum < cols; colNum++) {
253 rowP ^= BitStream[(rowNum*cols)+colNum];
255 if (rowP != pType) return false;
260 uint32_t OutputEM4x50_Block(uint8_t *BitStream, size_t size, bool verbose, bool pTest)
262 if (size<45) return 0;
263 uint32_t code = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream,8);
264 code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+9,8);
265 code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+18,8);
266 code = code<<8 | bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+27,8);
267 if (verbose || g_debugMode){
268 for (uint8_t i = 0; i<5; i++){
269 if (i == 4) PrintAndLog(""); //parity byte spacer
270 PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d -> 0x%02x",
280 bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+i*9,8)
284 PrintAndLog("Parity Passed");
286 PrintAndLog("Parity Failed");
290 /* Read the transmitted data of an EM4x50 tag
293 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
294 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
295 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
296 * XXXXXXXX [row parity bit (even)] <- 8 bits plus parity
297 * CCCCCCCC <- column parity bits
299 * LW <- Listen Window
301 * This pattern repeats for every block of data being transmitted.
302 * Transmission starts with two Listen Windows (LW - a modulated
303 * pattern of 320 cycles each (32/32/128/64/64)).
305 * Note that this data may or may not be the UID. It is whatever data
306 * is stored in the blocks defined in the control word First and Last
307 * Word Read values. UID is stored in block 32.
309 //completed by Marshmellow
310 int EM4x50Read(const char *Cmd, bool verbose)
312 uint8_t fndClk[] = {8,16,32,40,50,64,128};
316 int i, j, startblock, skip, block, start, end, low, high, minClk;
317 bool complete = false;
318 int tmpbuff[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64];
324 memset(tmpbuff, 0, MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN / 64);
326 // get user entry if any
327 sscanf(Cmd, "%i %i", &clk, &invert);
329 // save GraphBuffer - to restore it later
332 // first get high and low values
333 for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++) {
334 if (GraphBuffer[i] > high)
335 high = GraphBuffer[i];
336 else if (GraphBuffer[i] < low)
337 low = GraphBuffer[i];
343 // get to first full low to prime loop and skip incomplete first pulse
344 while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
346 while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
350 // populate tmpbuff buffer with pulse lengths
351 while (i < GraphTraceLen) {
352 // measure from low to low
353 while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
356 while ((GraphBuffer[i] < high) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
358 while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i < GraphTraceLen))
360 if (j>=(MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN/64)) {
363 tmpbuff[j++]= i - start;
364 if (i-start < minClk && i < GraphTraceLen) {
370 for (uint8_t clkCnt = 0; clkCnt<7; clkCnt++) {
371 tol = fndClk[clkCnt]/8;
372 if (minClk >= fndClk[clkCnt]-tol && minClk <= fndClk[clkCnt]+1) {
380 // look for data start - should be 2 pairs of LW (pulses of clk*3,clk*2)
382 for (i= 0; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
384 if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
385 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2+tol) //2 clocks
386 if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
387 if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol) //1.5 to 2 clocks - depends on bit following
395 // skip over the remainder of LW
396 skip += tmpbuff[i+1] + tmpbuff[i+2] + clk;
397 if (tmpbuff[i+3]>clk)
398 phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+3]-clk;
401 // now do it again to find the end
403 for (i += 3; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
405 if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
406 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk*2-tol && tmpbuff[i+1] <= clk*2+tol) //2 clocks
407 if (tmpbuff[i+2] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i+2] <= clk*3+tol) //3 clocks
408 if (tmpbuff[i+3] >= clk-tol) //1.5 to 2 clocks - depends on bit following
416 if (verbose || g_debugMode) {
418 PrintAndLog("\nNote: one block = 50 bits (32 data, 12 parity, 6 marker)");
420 PrintAndLog("No data found!, clock tried:%d",clk);
421 PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
422 PrintAndLog(" or after a 'data askedge' command to clean up the read");
425 } else if (start < 0) return 0;
427 snprintf(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2),"%d %d 1000 %d", clk, invert, clk*47);
428 // get rid of leading crap
429 snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%i", skip);
432 bool AllPTest = true;
433 // now work through remaining buffer printing out data blocks
437 if (verbose || g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nBlock %i:", block);
440 // look for LW before start of next block
441 for ( ; i < j - 4 ; ++i) {
443 if (tmpbuff[i] >= clk*3-tol && tmpbuff[i] <= clk*3+tol)
444 if (tmpbuff[i+1] >= clk-tol)
447 if (i >= j-4) break; //next LW not found
449 if (tmpbuff[i+1]>clk)
450 phaseoff = tmpbuff[i+1]-clk;
454 if (ASKDemod(tmp2, false, false, 1) < 1) {
458 //set DemodBufferLen to just one block
459 DemodBufferLen = skip/clk;
461 pTest = EM_ByteParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);
462 pTest &= EM_EndParityTest(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,5,9,0);
465 Code[block] = OutputEM4x50_Block(DemodBuffer,DemodBufferLen,verbose, pTest);
466 if (g_debugMode) PrintAndLog("\nskipping %d samples, bits:%d", skip, skip/clk);
467 //skip to start of next block
468 snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%i",skip);
471 if (i >= end) break; //in case chip doesn't output 6 blocks
474 if (verbose || g_debugMode || AllPTest){
476 PrintAndLog("*** Warning!");
477 PrintAndLog("Partial data - no end found!");
478 PrintAndLog("Try again with more samples.");
480 PrintAndLog("Found data at sample: %i - using clock: %i", start, clk);
482 for (block=0; block < end; block++){
483 PrintAndLog("Block %d: %08x",block,Code[block]);
486 PrintAndLog("Parities Passed");
488 PrintAndLog("Parities Failed");
489 PrintAndLog("Try cleaning the read samples with 'data askedge'");
493 //restore GraphBuffer
495 return (int)AllPTest;
498 int CmdEM4x50Read(const char *Cmd)
500 return EM4x50Read(Cmd, true);
503 int CmdReadWord(const char *Cmd)
505 int Word = -1; //default to invalid word
508 sscanf(Cmd, "%d", &Word);
510 if ( (Word > 15) | (Word < 0) ) {
511 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
515 PrintAndLog("Reading word %d", Word);
517 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
518 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
526 int CmdReadWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
528 int Word = -1; //default to invalid word
529 int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
532 sscanf(Cmd, "%d %x", &Word, &Password);
534 if ( (Word > 15) | (Word < 0) ) {
535 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
539 PrintAndLog("Reading word %d with password %08X", Word, Password);
541 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_READ_WORD;
542 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
550 int CmdWriteWord(const char *Cmd)
552 int Word = 16; //default to invalid block
553 int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
556 sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d", &Data, &Word);
559 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
563 PrintAndLog("Writing word %d with data %08X", Word, Data);
565 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
566 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x0; //Normal mode
574 int CmdWriteWordPWD(const char *Cmd)
576 int Word = 16; //default to invalid word
577 int Data = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank data
578 int Password = 0xFFFFFFFF; //default to blank password
581 sscanf(Cmd, "%x %d %x", &Data, &Word, &Password);
584 PrintAndLog("Word must be between 0 and 15");
588 PrintAndLog("Writing word %d with data %08X and password %08X", Word, Data, Password);
590 c.cmd = CMD_EM4X_WRITE_WORD;
591 c.d.asBytes[0] = 0x1; //Password mode
599 static command_t CommandTable[] =
601 {"help", CmdHelp, 1, "This help"},
602 {"em410xdemod", CmdEMdemodASK, 0, "[findone] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag (option 0 for continuous loop, 1 for only 1 tag)"},
603 {"em410xread", CmdEM410xRead, 1, "[clock rate] -- Extract ID from EM410x tag in GraphBuffer"},
604 {"em410xsim", CmdEM410xSim, 0, "<UID> -- Simulate EM410x tag"},
605 {"em410xwatch", CmdEM410xWatch, 0, "['h'] -- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags (option 'h' for 134)"},
606 {"em410xspoof", CmdEM410xWatchnSpoof, 0, "['h'] --- Watches for EM410x 125/134 kHz tags, and replays them. (option 'h' for 134)" },
607 {"em410xwrite", CmdEM410xWrite, 0, "<UID> <'0' T5555> <'1' T55x7> [clock rate] -- Write EM410x UID to T5555(Q5) or T55x7 tag, optionally setting clock rate"},
608 {"em4x50read", CmdEM4x50Read, 1, "Extract data from EM4x50 tag"},
609 {"readword", CmdReadWord, 1, "<Word> -- Read EM4xxx word data"},
610 {"readwordPWD", CmdReadWordPWD, 1, "<Word> <Password> -- Read EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
611 {"writeword", CmdWriteWord, 1, "<Data> <Word> -- Write EM4xxx word data"},
612 {"writewordPWD", CmdWriteWordPWD, 1, "<Data> <Word> <Password> -- Write EM4xxx word data in password mode"},
613 {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
616 int CmdLFEM4X(const char *Cmd)
618 CmdsParse(CommandTable, Cmd);
622 int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd)
624 CmdsHelp(CommandTable);