Added an important notice.

[proxmark3-svn] / armsrc / iso14443a.c

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Merlok - June 2011, 2012
// Gerhard de Koning Gans - May 2008
// Hagen Fritsch - June 2010
//
// This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
// at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
// the license.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Routines to support ISO 14443 type A.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "proxmark3.h"
#include "apps.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "cmd.h"

#include "iso14443crc.h"
#include "iso14443a.h"
#include "crapto1.h"
#include "mifareutil.h"

static uint32_t iso14a_timeout;
uint8_t *trace = (uint8_t *) BigBuf+TRACE_OFFSET;
int rsamples = 0;
int traceLen = 0;
int tracing = TRUE;
uint8_t trigger = 0;
// the block number for the ISO14443-4 PCB
static uint8_t iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;

//
// ISO14443 timing:
//
// minimum time between the start bits of consecutive transfers from reader to tag: 7000 carrier (13.56Mhz) cycles
#define REQUEST_GUARD_TIME (7000/16 + 1)
// minimum time between last modulation of tag and next start bit from reader to tag: 1172 carrier cycles 
#define FRAME_DELAY_TIME_PICC_TO_PCD (1172/16 + 1) 
// bool LastCommandWasRequest = FALSE;

//
// Total delays including SSC-Transfers between ARM and FPGA. These are in carrier clock cycles (1/13,56MHz)
//
// When the PM acts as reader and is receiving, it takes 
// 3 ticks for the A/D conversion
// 10 ticks ( 16 on average) delay in the modulation detector.
// 6 ticks until the SSC samples the first data
// 7*16 ticks to complete the transfer from FPGA to ARM
// 8 ticks to the next ssp_clk rising edge
// 4*16 ticks until we measure the time
// - 8*16 ticks because we measure the time of the previous transfer 
#define DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER (3 + 10 + 6 + 7*16 + 8 + 4*16 - 8*16) 

// When the PM acts as a reader and is sending, it takes
// 4*16 ticks until we can write data to the sending hold register
// 8*16 ticks until the SHR is transferred to the Sending Shift Register
// 8 ticks until the first transfer starts
// 8 ticks later the FPGA samples the data
// 1 tick to assign mod_sig_coil
#define DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER (4*16 + 8*16 + 8 + 8 + 1)

// When the PM acts as tag and is receiving it takes
// 12 ticks delay in the RF part,
// 3 ticks for the A/D conversion,
// 8 ticks on average until the start of the SSC transfer,
// 8 ticks until the SSC samples the first data
// 7*16 ticks to complete the transfer from FPGA to ARM
// 8 ticks until the next ssp_clk rising edge
// 3*16 ticks until we measure the time 
// - 8*16 ticks because we measure the time of the previous transfer 
#define DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG (12 + 3 + 8 + 8 + 7*16 + 8 + 3*16 - 8*16)
 
// The FPGA will report its internal sending delay in
uint16_t FpgaSendQueueDelay;
// the 5 first bits are the number of bits buffered in mod_sig_buf
// the last three bits are the remaining ticks/2 after the mod_sig_buf shift
#define DELAY_FPGA_QUEUE (FpgaSendQueueDelay<<1)

// When the PM acts as tag and is sending, it takes
// 5*16 ticks until we can write data to the sending hold register
// 8*16 ticks until the SHR is transferred to the Sending Shift Register
// 8 ticks until the first transfer starts
// 8 ticks later the FPGA samples the data
// + a varying number of ticks in the FPGA Delay Queue (mod_sig_buf)
// + 1 tick to assign mod_sig_coil
#define DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG (5*16 + 8*16 + 8 + 8 + DELAY_FPGA_QUEUE + 1)

// When the PM acts as sniffer and is receiving tag data, it takes
// 3 ticks A/D conversion
// 16 ticks delay in the modulation detector (on average).
// + 16 ticks until it's result is sampled.
// + the delays in transferring data - which is the same for
// sniffing reader and tag data and therefore not relevant
#define DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER (3 + 16 + 16) 
 
// When the PM acts as sniffer and is receiving tag data, it takes
// 12 ticks delay in analogue RF receiver
// 3 ticks A/D conversion
// 8 ticks on average until we sample the data.
// + the delays in transferring data - which is the same for
// sniffing reader and tag data and therefore not relevant
#define DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER (12 + 3 + 8) 

//variables used for timing purposes:
//these are in ssp_clk cycles:
uint32_t NextTransferTime;
uint32_t LastTimeProxToAirStart;
uint32_t LastProxToAirDuration;



// CARD TO READER - manchester
// Sequence D: 11110000 modulation with subcarrier during first half
// Sequence E: 00001111 modulation with subcarrier during second half
// Sequence F: 00000000 no modulation with subcarrier
// READER TO CARD - miller
// Sequence X: 00001100 drop after half a period
// Sequence Y: 00000000 no drop
// Sequence Z: 11000000 drop at start
#define SEC_D 0xf0
#define SEC_E 0x0f
#define SEC_F 0x00
#define SEC_X 0x0c
#define SEC_Y 0x00
#define SEC_Z 0xc0

const uint8_t OddByteParity[256] = {
  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1,
  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
  0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,
  1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1
};


void iso14a_set_trigger(bool enable) {
        trigger = enable;
}

void iso14a_clear_trace() {
        memset(trace, 0x44, TRACE_SIZE);
        traceLen = 0;
}

void iso14a_set_tracing(bool enable) {
        tracing = enable;
}

void iso14a_set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) {
        iso14a_timeout = timeout;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Generate the parity value for a byte sequence
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
byte_t oddparity (const byte_t bt)
{
        return OddByteParity[bt];
}

uint32_t GetParity(const uint8_t * pbtCmd, int iLen)
{
        int i;
        uint32_t dwPar = 0;

        // Generate the parity bits
        for (i = 0; i < iLen; i++) {
                // and save them to a 32Bit word
                dwPar |= ((OddByteParity[pbtCmd[i]]) << i);
        }
        return dwPar;
}

void AppendCrc14443a(uint8_t* data, int len)
{
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A,data,len,data+len,data+len+1);
}

// The function LogTrace() is also used by the iClass implementation in iClass.c
bool RAMFUNC LogTrace(const uint8_t * btBytes, uint8_t iLen, uint32_t timestamp, uint32_t dwParity, bool bReader)
{
        // Return when trace is full
        if (traceLen + sizeof(timestamp) + sizeof(dwParity) + iLen >= TRACE_SIZE) {
                tracing = FALSE;        // don't trace any more
                return FALSE;
        }
        
        // Trace the random, i'm curious
        trace[traceLen++] = ((timestamp >> 0) & 0xff);
        trace[traceLen++] = ((timestamp >> 8) & 0xff);
        trace[traceLen++] = ((timestamp >> 16) & 0xff);
        trace[traceLen++] = ((timestamp >> 24) & 0xff);
        if (!bReader) {
                trace[traceLen - 1] |= 0x80;
        }
        trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 0) & 0xff);
        trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 8) & 0xff);
        trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 16) & 0xff);
        trace[traceLen++] = ((dwParity >> 24) & 0xff);
        trace[traceLen++] = iLen;
        if (btBytes != NULL && iLen != 0) {
                memcpy(trace + traceLen, btBytes, iLen);
        }
        traceLen += iLen;
        return TRUE;
}

//=============================================================================
// ISO 14443 Type A - Miller decoder
//=============================================================================
// Basics:
// This decoder is used when the PM3 acts as a tag.
// The reader will generate "pauses" by temporarily switching of the field. 
// At the PM3 antenna we will therefore measure a modulated antenna voltage. 
// The FPGA does a comparison with a threshold and would deliver e.g.:
// ........  1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  .......
// The Miller decoder needs to identify the following sequences:
// 2 (or 3) ticks pause followed by 6 (or 5) ticks unmodulated:         pause at beginning - Sequence Z ("start of communication" or a "0")
// 8 ticks without a modulation:                                                                        no pause - Sequence Y (a "0" or "end of communication" or "no information")
// 4 ticks unmodulated followed by 2 (or 3) ticks pause:                        pause in second half - Sequence X (a "1")
// Note 1: the bitstream may start at any time. We therefore need to sync.
// Note 2: the interpretation of Sequence Y and Z depends on the preceding sequence.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static tUart Uart;

// Lookup-Table to decide if 4 raw bits are a modulation.
// We accept two or three consecutive "0" in any position with the rest "1"
const bool Mod_Miller_LUT[] = {
        TRUE,  TRUE,  FALSE, TRUE,  FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,
        TRUE,  TRUE,  FALSE, FALSE, TRUE,  FALSE, FALSE, FALSE
};
#define IsMillerModulationNibble1(b) (Mod_Miller_LUT[(b & 0x00F0) >> 4])
#define IsMillerModulationNibble2(b) (Mod_Miller_LUT[(b & 0x000F)])

void UartReset()
{
        Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
        Uart.bitCount = 0;
        Uart.len = 0;                                           // number of decoded data bytes
        Uart.shiftReg = 0;                                      // shiftreg to hold decoded data bits
        Uart.parityBits = 0;                            // 
        Uart.twoBits = 0x0000;                          // buffer for 2 Bits
        Uart.highCnt = 0;
        Uart.startTime = 0;
        Uart.endTime = 0;
}

/* inline RAMFUNC Modulation_t MillerModulation(uint8_t b)
{
        // switch (b & 0x88) {
                // case 0x00:   return MILLER_MOD_BOTH_HALVES;
                // case 0x08:   return MILLER_MOD_FIRST_HALF;
                // case 0x80:   return MILLER_MOD_SECOND_HALF;
                // case 0x88:   return MILLER_MOD_NOMOD;
        // }
        // test the second cycle for a pause. For whatever reason the startbit tends to appear earlier than the rest.
        switch (b & 0x44) {
                case 0x00:      return MOD_BOTH_HALVES;
                case 0x04:      return MOD_FIRST_HALF;
                case 0x40:      return MOD_SECOND_HALF;
                default:        return MOD_NOMOD;
        }
}
 */
// use parameter non_real_time to provide a timestamp. Set to 0 if the decoder should measure real time
static RAMFUNC bool MillerDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint32_t non_real_time)
{

        Uart.twoBits = (Uart.twoBits << 8) | bit;
        
        if (Uart.state == STATE_UNSYNCD) {                                                                                              // not yet synced
                if (Uart.highCnt < 7) {                                                                                                 // wait for a stable unmodulated signal
                        if (Uart.twoBits == 0xffff) {
                                Uart.highCnt++;
                        } else {
                                Uart.highCnt = 0;
                        }
                } else {        
                        Uart.syncBit = 0xFFFF; // not set
                        // look for 00xx1111 (the start bit)
                        if              ((Uart.twoBits & 0x6780) == 0x0780) Uart.syncBit = 7; 
                        else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x33C0) == 0x03C0) Uart.syncBit = 6;
                        else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x19E0) == 0x01E0) Uart.syncBit = 5;
                        else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x0CF0) == 0x00F0) Uart.syncBit = 4;
                        else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x0678) == 0x0078) Uart.syncBit = 3;
                        else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x033C) == 0x003C) Uart.syncBit = 2;
                        else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x019E) == 0x001E) Uart.syncBit = 1;
                        else if ((Uart.twoBits & 0x00CF) == 0x000F) Uart.syncBit = 0;
                        if (Uart.syncBit != 0xFFFF) {
                                Uart.startTime = non_real_time?non_real_time:(GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8);
                                Uart.startTime -= Uart.syncBit;
                                Uart.endTime = Uart.startTime;
                                Uart.state = STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION;
                        }
                }

        } else {

                if (IsMillerModulationNibble1(Uart.twoBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {                  
                        if (IsMillerModulationNibble2(Uart.twoBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {          // Modulation in both halves - error
                                UartReset();
                                Uart.highCnt = 6;
                        } else {                                                                                                                        // Modulation in first half = Sequence Z = logic "0"
                                if (Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_X) {                                                             // error - must not follow after X
                                        UartReset();
                                        Uart.highCnt = 6;
                                } else {
                                        Uart.bitCount++;
                                        Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1);                                           // add a 0 to the shiftreg
                                        Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Z;
                                        Uart.endTime = Uart.startTime + 8*(9*Uart.len + Uart.bitCount + 1) - 6;
                                        if(Uart.bitCount >= 9) {                                                                        // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
                                                Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
                                                Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                  // make room for the parity bit
                                                Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);               // store parity bit
                                                Uart.bitCount = 0;
                                                Uart.shiftReg = 0;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                } else {
                        if (IsMillerModulationNibble2(Uart.twoBits >> Uart.syncBit)) {          // Modulation second half = Sequence X = logic "1"
                                Uart.bitCount++;
                                Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1) | 0x100;                                   // add a 1 to the shiftreg
                                Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_X;
                                Uart.endTime = Uart.startTime + 8*(9*Uart.len + Uart.bitCount + 1) - 2;
                                if(Uart.bitCount >= 9) {                                                                                // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
                                        Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
                                        Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                          // make room for the new parity bit
                                        Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);                       // store parity bit
                                        Uart.bitCount = 0;
                                        Uart.shiftReg = 0;
                                }
                        } else {                                                                                                                        // no modulation in both halves - Sequence Y
                                if (Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_Z || Uart.state == STATE_MILLER_Y) {     // Y after logic "0" - End of Communication
                                        Uart.state = STATE_UNSYNCD;
                                        if(Uart.len == 0 && Uart.bitCount > 0) {                                                                                // if we decoded some bits
                                                Uart.shiftReg >>= (9 - Uart.bitCount);                                  // add them to the output
                                                Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
                                                Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                  // no parity bit - add "0"
                                                Uart.bitCount--;                                                                                // last "0" was part of the EOC sequence
                                        }
                                        return TRUE;
                                }
                                if (Uart.state == STATE_START_OF_COMMUNICATION) {                               // error - must not follow directly after SOC
                                        UartReset();
                                        Uart.highCnt = 6;
                                } else {                                                                                                                // a logic "0"
                                        Uart.bitCount++;
                                        Uart.shiftReg = (Uart.shiftReg >> 1);                                           // add a 0 to the shiftreg
                                        Uart.state = STATE_MILLER_Y;
                                        if(Uart.bitCount >= 9) {                                                                        // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
                                                Uart.output[Uart.len++] = (Uart.shiftReg & 0xff);
                                                Uart.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                  // make room for the parity bit
                                                Uart.parityBits |= ((Uart.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);               // store parity bit
                                                Uart.bitCount = 0;
                                                Uart.shiftReg = 0;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
                        
        } 

    return FALSE;       // not finished yet, need more data
}



//=============================================================================
// ISO 14443 Type A - Manchester decoder
//=============================================================================
// Basics:
// This decoder is used when the PM3 acts as a reader.
// The tag will modulate the reader field by asserting different loads to it. As a consequence, the voltage
// at the reader antenna will be modulated as well. The FPGA detects the modulation for us and would deliver e.g. the following:
// ........ 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .......
// The Manchester decoder needs to identify the following sequences:
// 4 ticks modulated followed by 4 ticks unmodulated:   Sequence D = 1 (also used as "start of communication")
// 4 ticks unmodulated followed by 4 ticks modulated:   Sequence E = 0
// 8 ticks unmodulated:                                                                 Sequence F = end of communication
// 8 ticks modulated:                                                                   A collision. Save the collision position and treat as Sequence D
// Note 1: the bitstream may start at any time. We therefore need to sync.
// Note 2: parameter offset is used to determine the position of the parity bits (required for the anticollision command only)
static tDemod Demod;

// Lookup-Table to decide if 4 raw bits are a modulation.
// We accept three or four consecutive "1" in any position
const bool Mod_Manchester_LUT[] = {
        FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE,
        FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE,  TRUE
};

#define IsManchesterModulationNibble1(b) (Mod_Manchester_LUT[(b & 0x00F0) >> 4])
#define IsManchesterModulationNibble2(b) (Mod_Manchester_LUT[(b & 0x000F)])


void DemodReset()
{
        Demod.state = DEMOD_UNSYNCD;
        Demod.len = 0;                                          // number of decoded data bytes
        Demod.shiftReg = 0;                                     // shiftreg to hold decoded data bits
        Demod.parityBits = 0;                           // 
        Demod.collisionPos = 0;                         // Position of collision bit
        Demod.twoBits = 0xffff;                         // buffer for 2 Bits
        Demod.highCnt = 0;
        Demod.startTime = 0;
        Demod.endTime = 0;
}

// use parameter non_real_time to provide a timestamp. Set to 0 if the decoder should measure real time
static RAMFUNC int ManchesterDecoding(uint8_t bit, uint16_t offset, uint32_t non_real_time)
{

        Demod.twoBits = (Demod.twoBits << 8) | bit;
        
        if (Demod.state == DEMOD_UNSYNCD) {

                if (Demod.highCnt < 2) {                                                                                        // wait for a stable unmodulated signal
                        if (Demod.twoBits == 0x0000) {
                                Demod.highCnt++;
                        } else {
                                Demod.highCnt = 0;
                        }
                } else {
                        Demod.syncBit = 0xFFFF;                 // not set
                        if              ((Demod.twoBits & 0x7700) == 0x7000) Demod.syncBit = 7; 
                        else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x3B80) == 0x3800) Demod.syncBit = 6;
                        else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x1DC0) == 0x1C00) Demod.syncBit = 5;
                        else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x0EE0) == 0x0E00) Demod.syncBit = 4;
                        else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x0770) == 0x0700) Demod.syncBit = 3;
                        else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x03B8) == 0x0380) Demod.syncBit = 2;
                        else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x01DC) == 0x01C0) Demod.syncBit = 1;
                        else if ((Demod.twoBits & 0x00EE) == 0x00E0) Demod.syncBit = 0;
                        if (Demod.syncBit != 0xFFFF) {
                                Demod.startTime = non_real_time?non_real_time:(GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8);
                                Demod.startTime -= Demod.syncBit;
                                Demod.bitCount = offset;                        // number of decoded data bits
                                Demod.state = DEMOD_MANCHESTER_DATA;
                        }
                }

        } else {

                if (IsManchesterModulationNibble1(Demod.twoBits >> Demod.syncBit)) {            // modulation in first half
                        if (IsManchesterModulationNibble2(Demod.twoBits >> Demod.syncBit)) {    // ... and in second half = collision
                                if (!Demod.collisionPos) {
                                        Demod.collisionPos = (Demod.len << 3) + Demod.bitCount;
                                }
                        }                                                                                                                       // modulation in first half only - Sequence D = 1
                        Demod.bitCount++;
                        Demod.shiftReg = (Demod.shiftReg >> 1) | 0x100;                         // in both cases, add a 1 to the shiftreg
                        if(Demod.bitCount == 9) {                                                                       // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
                                Demod.output[Demod.len++] = (Demod.shiftReg & 0xff);
                                Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                                                                 // make room for the parity bit
                                Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01);     // store parity bit
                                Demod.bitCount = 0;
                                Demod.shiftReg = 0;
                        }
                        Demod.endTime = Demod.startTime + 8*(9*Demod.len + Demod.bitCount + 1) - 4;
                } else {                                                                                                                // no modulation in first half
                        if (IsManchesterModulationNibble2(Demod.twoBits >> Demod.syncBit)) {    // and modulation in second half = Sequence E = 0
                                Demod.bitCount++;
                                Demod.shiftReg = (Demod.shiftReg >> 1);                                 // add a 0 to the shiftreg
                                if(Demod.bitCount >= 9) {                                                               // if we decoded a full byte (including parity)
                                        Demod.output[Demod.len++] = (Demod.shiftReg & 0xff);
                                        Demod.parityBits <<= 1;                                                         // make room for the new parity bit
                                        Demod.parityBits |= ((Demod.shiftReg >> 8) & 0x01); // store parity bit
                                        Demod.bitCount = 0;
                                        Demod.shiftReg = 0;
                                }
                                Demod.endTime = Demod.startTime + 8*(9*Demod.len + Demod.bitCount + 1);
                        } else {                                                                                                        // no modulation in both halves - End of communication
                                if (Demod.len > 0 || Demod.bitCount > 0) {                              // received something
                                        if(Demod.bitCount > 0) {                                                        // if we decoded bits
                                                Demod.shiftReg >>= (9 - Demod.bitCount);                // add the remaining decoded bits to the output
                                                Demod.output[Demod.len++] = Demod.shiftReg & 0xff;
                                                // No parity bit, so just shift a 0
                                                Demod.parityBits <<= 1;
                                        }
                                        return TRUE;                                                                            // we are finished with decoding the raw data sequence
                                } else {                                                                                                // nothing received. Start over
                                        DemodReset();
                                }
                        }
                }
                        
        } 

    return FALSE;       // not finished yet, need more data
}

//=============================================================================
// Finally, a `sniffer' for ISO 14443 Type A
// Both sides of communication!
//=============================================================================

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Record the sequence of commands sent by the reader to the tag, with
// triggering so that we start recording at the point that the tag is moved
// near the reader.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void RAMFUNC SnoopIso14443a(uint8_t param) {
        // param:
        // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request
        
        LEDsoff();
        // init trace buffer
        iso14a_clear_trace();

        // We won't start recording the frames that we acquire until we trigger;
        // a good trigger condition to get started is probably when we see a
        // response from the tag.
        // triggered == FALSE -- to wait first for card
        bool triggered = !(param & 0x03); 
        
        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
        // The length of a received command will in most cases be no more than 18 bytes.
        // So 32 should be enough!
        uint8_t *receivedCmd = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_CMD_OFFSET);
        // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
        uint8_t *receivedResponse = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_RES_OFFSET);

        // As we receive stuff, we copy it from receivedCmd or receivedResponse
        // into trace, along with its length and other annotations.
        //uint8_t *trace = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
        
        // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
        uint8_t *dmaBuf = ((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + DMA_BUFFER_OFFSET;
        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
        uint8_t previous_data = 0;
        int maxDataLen = 0;
        int dataLen = 0;
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        
        iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);

        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
        Demod.output = receivedResponse;

        // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands
        Uart.output = receivedCmd;

        // Setup and start DMA.
        FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE);
        
        // And now we loop, receiving samples.
        for(uint32_t rsamples = 0; TRUE; ) {

                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                        DbpString("cancelled by button");
                        break;
                }

                LED_A_ON();
                WDT_HIT();

                int register readBufDataP = data - dmaBuf;
                int register dmaBufDataP = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR;
                if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP){
                        dataLen = dmaBufDataP - readBufDataP;
                } else {
                        dataLen = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - readBufDataP + dmaBufDataP;
                }
                // test for length of buffer
                if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {
                        maxDataLen = dataLen;
                        if(dataLen > 400) {
                                Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=%d", dataLen);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if(dataLen < 1) continue;

                // primary buffer was stopped( <-- we lost data!
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) {
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
                        Dbprintf("RxEmpty ERROR!!! data length:%d", dataLen); // temporary
                }
                // secondary buffer sets as primary, secondary buffer was stopped
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR) {
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
                }

                LED_A_OFF();
                
                if (rsamples & 0x01) {                          // Need two samples to feed Miller and Manchester-Decoder

                        if(!TagIsActive) {              // no need to try decoding reader data if the tag is sending
                                uint8_t readerdata = (previous_data & 0xF0) | (*data >> 4);
                                if (MillerDecoding(readerdata, (rsamples-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_C_ON();

                                        // check - if there is a short 7bit request from reader
                                        if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x02) && (Uart.len == 1) && (Uart.bitCount == 7)) triggered = TRUE;

                                        if(triggered) {
                                                if (!LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER, Uart.parityBits, TRUE)) break;
                                                if (!LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_READER_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER, 0, TRUE)) break;
                                        }
                                        /* And ready to receive another command. */
                                        UartReset();
                                        /* And also reset the demod code, which might have been */
                                        /* false-triggered by the commands from the reader. */
                                        DemodReset();
                                        LED_B_OFF();
                                }
                                ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD);
                        }

                        if(!ReaderIsActive) {           // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending - and we cannot afford the time
                                uint8_t tagdata = (previous_data << 4) | (*data & 0x0F);
                                if(ManchesterDecoding(tagdata, 0, (rsamples-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_B_ON();

                                        if (!LogTrace(receivedResponse, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER, Demod.parityBits, FALSE)) break;
                                        if (!LogTrace(NULL, 0, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_TAG_AIR2ARM_AS_SNIFFER, 0, FALSE)) break;

                                        if ((!triggered) && (param & 0x01)) triggered = TRUE;

                                        // And ready to receive another response.
                                        DemodReset();
                                        LED_C_OFF();
                                } 
                                TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
                        }
                }

                previous_data = *data;
                rsamples++;
                data++;
                if(data > dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
                        data = dmaBuf;
                }
        } // main cycle

        DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");

        FpgaDisableSscDma();
        Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%d, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%d", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
        Dbprintf("traceLen=%d, Uart.output[0]=%08x", traceLen, (uint32_t)Uart.output[0]);
        LEDsoff();
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Prepare tag messages
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity)
{
        int i;

        ToSendReset();

        // Correction bit, might be removed when not needed
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(1);  // 1
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        
        // Send startbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;

        for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                int j;
                uint8_t b = cmd[i];

                // Data bits
                for(j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
                        if(b & 1) {
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        } else {
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
                        }
                        b >>= 1;
                }

                // Get the parity bit
                if ((dwParity >> i) & 0x01) {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;
                } else {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
                        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax;
                }
        }

        // Send stopbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;

        // Convert from last byte pos to length
        ToSendMax++;
}

static void CodeIso14443aAsTag(const uint8_t *cmd, int len){
        CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(cmd, len, GetParity(cmd, len));
}


static void Code4bitAnswerAsTag(uint8_t cmd)
{
        int i;

        ToSendReset();

        // Correction bit, might be removed when not needed
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(1);  // 1
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(0);
        ToSendStuffBit(0);

        // Send startbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;

        uint8_t b = cmd;
        for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                if(b & 1) {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_D;
                        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax - 4;
                } else {
                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_E;
                        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * ToSendMax;
                }
                b >>= 1;
        }

        // Send stopbit
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_F;

        // Convert from last byte pos to length
        ToSendMax++;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Wait for commands from reader
// Stop when button is pressed
// Or return TRUE when command is captured
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static int GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(uint8_t *received, int *len, int maxLen)
{
    // Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
    // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
    // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
    LED_D_OFF();
    FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);

    // Now run a `software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
        UartReset();
    Uart.output = received;

        // clear RXRDY:
    uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;

    for(;;) {
        WDT_HIT();

        if(BUTTON_PRESS()) return FALSE;
                
        if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
            b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                        if(MillerDecoding(b, 0)) {
                                *len = Uart.len;
                                return TRUE;
                        }
                }
    }
}

static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded);
int EmSend4bitEx(uint8_t resp, bool correctionNeeded);
int EmSend4bit(uint8_t resp);
int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded, uint32_t par);
int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded, uint32_t par);
int EmSendCmdEx(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded);
int EmSendCmd(uint8_t *resp, int respLen);
int EmSendCmdPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, uint32_t par);
bool EmLogTrace(uint8_t *reader_data, uint16_t reader_len, uint32_t reader_StartTime, uint32_t reader_EndTime, uint32_t reader_Parity,
                                 uint8_t *tag_data, uint16_t tag_len, uint32_t tag_StartTime, uint32_t tag_EndTime, uint32_t tag_Parity);

static uint8_t* free_buffer_pointer = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);

typedef struct {
  uint8_t* response;
  size_t   response_n;
  uint8_t* modulation;
  size_t   modulation_n;
  uint32_t ProxToAirDuration;
} tag_response_info_t;

void reset_free_buffer() {
  free_buffer_pointer = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);
}

bool prepare_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info, size_t max_buffer_size) {
        // Example response, answer to MIFARE Classic read block will be 16 bytes + 2 CRC = 18 bytes
        // This will need the following byte array for a modulation sequence
        //    144        data bits (18 * 8)
        //     18        parity bits
        //      2        Start and stop
        //      1        Correction bit (Answer in 1172 or 1236 periods, see FPGA)
        //      1        just for the case
        // ----------- +
        //    166 bytes, since every bit that needs to be send costs us a byte
        //
  
  // Prepare the tag modulation bits from the message
  CodeIso14443aAsTag(response_info->response,response_info->response_n);
  
  // Make sure we do not exceed the free buffer space
  if (ToSendMax > max_buffer_size) {
    Dbprintf("Out of memory, when modulating bits for tag answer:");
    Dbhexdump(response_info->response_n,response_info->response,false);
    return false;
  }
  
  // Copy the byte array, used for this modulation to the buffer position
  memcpy(response_info->modulation,ToSend,ToSendMax);
  
  // Store the number of bytes that were used for encoding/modulation and the time needed to transfer them
  response_info->modulation_n = ToSendMax;
  response_info->ProxToAirDuration = LastProxToAirDuration;
  
  return true;
}

bool prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(tag_response_info_t* response_info) {
  // Retrieve and store the current buffer index
  response_info->modulation = free_buffer_pointer;
  
  // Determine the maximum size we can use from our buffer
  size_t max_buffer_size = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf)+FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET+FREE_BUFFER_SIZE)-free_buffer_pointer;
  
  // Forward the prepare tag modulation function to the inner function
  if (prepare_tag_modulation(response_info,max_buffer_size)) {
    // Update the free buffer offset
    free_buffer_pointer += ToSendMax;
    return true;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Main loop of simulated tag: receive commands from reader, decide what
// response to send, and send it.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void SimulateIso14443aTag(int tagType, int uid_1st, int uid_2nd, byte_t* data)
{
        // Enable and clear the trace
        iso14a_clear_trace();
        iso14a_set_tracing(TRUE);

        uint8_t sak;

        // The first response contains the ATQA (note: bytes are transmitted in reverse order).
        uint8_t response1[2];
        
        switch (tagType) {
                case 1: { // MIFARE Classic
                        // Says: I am Mifare 1k - original line
                        response1[0] = 0x04;
                        response1[1] = 0x00;
                        sak = 0x08;
                } break;
                case 2: { // MIFARE Ultralight
                        // Says: I am a stupid memory tag, no crypto
                        response1[0] = 0x04;
                        response1[1] = 0x00;
                        sak = 0x00;
                } break;
                case 3: { // MIFARE DESFire
                        // Says: I am a DESFire tag, ph33r me
                        response1[0] = 0x04;
                        response1[1] = 0x03;
                        sak = 0x20;
                } break;
                case 4: { // ISO/IEC 14443-4
                        // Says: I am a javacard (JCOP)
                        response1[0] = 0x04;
                        response1[1] = 0x00;
                        sak = 0x28;
                } break;
                default: {
                        Dbprintf("Error: unkown tagtype (%d)",tagType);
                        return;
                } break;
        }
        
        // The second response contains the (mandatory) first 24 bits of the UID
        uint8_t response2[5];

        // Check if the uid uses the (optional) part
        uint8_t response2a[5];
        if (uid_2nd) {
                response2[0] = 0x88;
                num_to_bytes(uid_1st,3,response2+1);
                num_to_bytes(uid_2nd,4,response2a);
                response2a[4] = response2a[0] ^ response2a[1] ^ response2a[2] ^ response2a[3];

                // Configure the ATQA and SAK accordingly
                response1[0] |= 0x40;
                sak |= 0x04;
        } else {
                num_to_bytes(uid_1st,4,response2);
                // Configure the ATQA and SAK accordingly
                response1[0] &= 0xBF;
                sak &= 0xFB;
        }

        // Calculate the BitCountCheck (BCC) for the first 4 bytes of the UID.
        response2[4] = response2[0] ^ response2[1] ^ response2[2] ^ response2[3];

        // Prepare the mandatory SAK (for 4 and 7 byte UID)
        uint8_t response3[3];
        response3[0] = sak;
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3, 1, &response3[1], &response3[2]);

        // Prepare the optional second SAK (for 7 byte UID), drop the cascade bit
        uint8_t response3a[3];
        response3a[0] = sak & 0xFB;
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response3a, 1, &response3a[1], &response3a[2]);

        uint8_t response5[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; // Very random tag nonce
        uint8_t response6[] = { 0x04, 0x58, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 }; // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
        ComputeCrc14443(CRC_14443_A, response6, 4, &response6[4], &response6[5]);

        #define TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT 7
        tag_response_info_t responses[TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT] = {
                { .response = response1,  .response_n = sizeof(response1)  },  // Answer to request - respond with card type
                { .response = response2,  .response_n = sizeof(response2)  },  // Anticollision cascade1 - respond with uid
                { .response = response2a, .response_n = sizeof(response2a) },  // Anticollision cascade2 - respond with 2nd half of uid if asked
                { .response = response3,  .response_n = sizeof(response3)  },  // Acknowledge select - cascade 1
                { .response = response3a, .response_n = sizeof(response3a) },  // Acknowledge select - cascade 2
                { .response = response5,  .response_n = sizeof(response5)  },  // Authentication answer (random nonce)
                { .response = response6,  .response_n = sizeof(response6)  },  // dummy ATS (pseudo-ATR), answer to RATS
        };

        // Allocate 512 bytes for the dynamic modulation, created when the reader queries for it
        // Such a response is less time critical, so we can prepare them on the fly
        #define DYNAMIC_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE 64
        #define DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE 512
        uint8_t dynamic_response_buffer[DYNAMIC_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE];
        uint8_t dynamic_modulation_buffer[DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE];
        tag_response_info_t dynamic_response_info = {
                .response = dynamic_response_buffer,
                .response_n = 0,
                .modulation = dynamic_modulation_buffer,
                .modulation_n = 0
        };
  
        // Reset the offset pointer of the free buffer
        reset_free_buffer();
  
        // Prepare the responses of the anticollision phase
        // there will be not enough time to do this at the moment the reader sends it REQA
        for (size_t i=0; i<TAG_RESPONSE_COUNT; i++) {
                prepare_allocated_tag_modulation(&responses[i]);
        }

        uint8_t *receivedCmd = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_CMD_OFFSET);
        int len = 0;

        // To control where we are in the protocol
        int order = 0;
        int lastorder;

        // Just to allow some checks
        int happened = 0;
        int happened2 = 0;
        int cmdsRecvd = 0;

        // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
        iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);

        cmdsRecvd = 0;
        tag_response_info_t* p_response;

        LED_A_ON();
        for(;;) {
                // Clean receive command buffer
                
                if(!GetIso14443aCommandFromReader(receivedCmd, &len, RECV_CMD_SIZE)) {
                        DbpString("Button press");
                        break;
                }

                p_response = NULL;
                
                // doob - added loads of debug strings so we can see what the reader is saying to us during the sim as hi14alist is not populated
                // Okay, look at the command now.
                lastorder = order;
                if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x26) { // Received a REQUEST
                        p_response = &responses[0]; order = 1;
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x52) { // Received a WAKEUP
                        p_response = &responses[0]; order = 6;
                } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93) {   // Received request for UID (cascade 1)
                        p_response = &responses[1]; order = 2;
                } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x20 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x95) { // Received request for UID (cascade 2)
                        p_response = &responses[2]; order = 20;
                } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93) {   // Received a SELECT (cascade 1)
                        p_response = &responses[3]; order = 3;
                } else if(receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x95) {   // Received a SELECT (cascade 2)
                        p_response = &responses[4]; order = 30;
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {     // Received a (plain) READ
                        EmSendCmdEx(data+(4*receivedCmd[0]),16,false);
                        // Dbprintf("Read request from reader: %x %x",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1]);
                        // We already responded, do not send anything with the EmSendCmd14443aRaw() that is called below
                        p_response = NULL;
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x50) {     // Received a HALT
//                      DbpString("Reader requested we HALT!:");
                        if (tracing) {
                                LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                        }
                        p_response = NULL;
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x60 || receivedCmd[0] == 0x61) {   // Received an authentication request
                        p_response = &responses[5]; order = 7;
                } else if(receivedCmd[0] == 0xE0) {     // Received a RATS request
                        if (tagType == 1 || tagType == 2) {     // RATS not supported
                                EmSend4bit(CARD_NACK_NA);
                                p_response = NULL;
                        } else {
                                p_response = &responses[6]; order = 70;
                        }
                } else if (order == 7 && len == 8) { // Received authentication request
                        if (tracing) {
                                LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                        }
                        uint32_t nr = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd,4);
                        uint32_t ar = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd+4,4);
                        Dbprintf("Auth attempt {nr}{ar}: %08x %08x",nr,ar);
                } else {
                        // Check for ISO 14443A-4 compliant commands, look at left nibble
                        switch (receivedCmd[0]) {

                                case 0x0B:
                                case 0x0A: { // IBlock (command)
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0];
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[1] = 0x00;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[2] = 0x90;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[3] = 0x00;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 4;
                                } break;

                                case 0x1A:
                                case 0x1B: { // Chaining command
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[0] = 0xaa | ((receivedCmd[0]) & 1);
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;

                                case 0xaa:
                                case 0xbb: {
                                  dynamic_response_info.response[0] = receivedCmd[0] ^ 0x11;
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;
                                  
                                case 0xBA: { //
                                  memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xAB\x00",2);
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;

                                case 0xCA:
                                case 0xC2: { // Readers sends deselect command
                                  memcpy(dynamic_response_info.response,"\xCA\x00",2);
                                  dynamic_response_info.response_n = 2;
                                } break;

                                default: {
                                        // Never seen this command before
                                        if (tracing) {
                                                LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                                LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                        }
                                        Dbprintf("Received unknown command (len=%d):",len);
                                        Dbhexdump(len,receivedCmd,false);
                                        // Do not respond
                                        dynamic_response_info.response_n = 0;
                                } break;
                        }
      
                        if (dynamic_response_info.response_n > 0) {
                                // Copy the CID from the reader query
                                dynamic_response_info.response[1] = receivedCmd[1];

                                // Add CRC bytes, always used in ISO 14443A-4 compliant cards
                                AppendCrc14443a(dynamic_response_info.response,dynamic_response_info.response_n);
                                dynamic_response_info.response_n += 2;
        
                                if (prepare_tag_modulation(&dynamic_response_info,DYNAMIC_MODULATION_BUFFER_SIZE) == false) {
                                        Dbprintf("Error preparing tag response");
                                        if (tracing) {
                                                LogTrace(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                                LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                        }
                                        break;
                                }
                                p_response = &dynamic_response_info;
                        }
                }

                // Count number of wakeups received after a halt
                if(order == 6 && lastorder == 5) { happened++; }

                // Count number of other messages after a halt
                if(order != 6 && lastorder == 5) { happened2++; }

                if(cmdsRecvd > 999) {
                        DbpString("1000 commands later...");
                        break;
                }
                cmdsRecvd++;

                if (p_response != NULL) {
                        EmSendCmd14443aRaw(p_response->modulation, p_response->modulation_n, receivedCmd[0] == 0x52);
                        // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
                        EmLogTrace(Uart.output, 
                                                Uart.len, 
                                                Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                                Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                                Uart.parityBits,
                                                p_response->response, 
                                                p_response->response_n,
                                                LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG,
                                                (LastTimeProxToAirStart + p_response->ProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG, 
                                                SwapBits(GetParity(p_response->response, p_response->response_n), p_response->response_n));
                }
                
                if (!tracing) {
                        Dbprintf("Trace Full. Simulation stopped.");
                        break;
                }
        }

        Dbprintf("%x %x %x", happened, happened2, cmdsRecvd);
        LED_A_OFF();
}


// prepare a delayed transfer. This simply shifts ToSend[] by a number
// of bits specified in the delay parameter.
void PrepareDelayedTransfer(uint16_t delay)
{
        uint8_t bitmask = 0;
        uint8_t bits_to_shift = 0;
        uint8_t bits_shifted = 0;
        
        delay &= 0x07;
        if (delay) {
                for (uint16_t i = 0; i < delay; i++) {
                        bitmask |= (0x01 << i);
                }
                ToSend[ToSendMax++] = 0x00;
                for (uint16_t i = 0; i < ToSendMax; i++) {
                        bits_to_shift = ToSend[i] & bitmask;
                        ToSend[i] = ToSend[i] >> delay;
                        ToSend[i] = ToSend[i] | (bits_shifted << (8 - delay));
                        bits_shifted = bits_to_shift;
                }
        }
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Transmit the command (to the tag) that was placed in ToSend[].
// Parameter timing:
// if NULL: transfer at next possible time, taking into account
//                      request guard time and frame delay time
// if == 0:     transfer immediately and return time of transfer
// if != 0: delay transfer until time specified
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void TransmitFor14443a(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, uint32_t *timing)
{
        
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);

        uint32_t ThisTransferTime = 0;

        if (timing) {
                if(*timing == 0) {                                                                              // Measure time
                        *timing = (GetCountSspClk() + 8) & 0xfffffff8;
                } else {
                        PrepareDelayedTransfer(*timing & 0x00000007);           // Delay transfer (fine tuning - up to 7 MF clock ticks)
                }
                if(MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4 && GetCountSspClk() >= (*timing & 0xfffffff8)) Dbprintf("TransmitFor14443a: Missed timing");
                while(GetCountSspClk() < (*timing & 0xfffffff8));               // Delay transfer (multiple of 8 MF clock ticks)
                LastTimeProxToAirStart = *timing;
        } else {
                ThisTransferTime = ((MAX(NextTransferTime, GetCountSspClk()) & 0xfffffff8) + 8);
                while(GetCountSspClk() < ThisTransferTime);
                LastTimeProxToAirStart = ThisTransferTime;
        }
        
        // clear TXRDY
        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_Y;

        // for(uint16_t c = 0; c < 10;) {       // standard delay for each transfer (allow tag to be ready after last transmission)
                // if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        // AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_Y;     
                        // c++;
                // }
        // }

        uint16_t c = 0;
        for(;;) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = cmd[c];
                        c++;
                        if(c >= len) {
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }
        
        NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, LastTimeProxToAirStart + REQUEST_GUARD_TIME);
        
}


//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Prepare reader command (in bits, support short frames) to send to FPGA
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(const uint8_t * cmd, int bits, uint32_t dwParity)
{
        int i, j;
        int last;
        uint8_t b;

        ToSendReset();

        // Start of Communication (Seq. Z)
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
        last = 0;

        size_t bytecount = nbytes(bits);
        // Generate send structure for the data bits
        for (i = 0; i < bytecount; i++) {
                // Get the current byte to send
                b = cmd[i];
                size_t bitsleft = MIN((bits-(i*8)),8);

                for (j = 0; j < bitsleft; j++) {
                        if (b & 1) {
                                // Sequence X
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
                                LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 2;
                                last = 1;
                        } else {
                                if (last == 0) {
                                // Sequence Z
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
                                LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
                                } else {
                                        // Sequence Y
                                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
                                        last = 0;
                                }
                        }
                        b >>= 1;
                }

                // Only transmit (last) parity bit if we transmitted a complete byte
                if (j == 8) {
                        // Get the parity bit
                        if ((dwParity >> i) & 0x01) {
                                // Sequence X
                                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_X;
                                LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 2;
                                last = 1;
                        } else {
                                if (last == 0) {
                                        // Sequence Z
                                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
                                        LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
                                } else {
                                        // Sequence Y
                                        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
                                        last = 0;
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        // End of Communication: Logic 0 followed by Sequence Y
        if (last == 0) {
                // Sequence Z
                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Z;
                LastProxToAirDuration = 8 * (ToSendMax+1) - 6;
        } else {
                // Sequence Y
                ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;
                last = 0;
        }
        ToSend[++ToSendMax] = SEC_Y;

        // Convert to length of command:
        ToSendMax++;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Prepare reader command to send to FPGA
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CodeIso14443aAsReaderPar(const uint8_t * cmd, int len, uint32_t dwParity)
{
  CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(cmd,len*8,dwParity);
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Wait for commands from reader
// Stop when button is pressed (return 1) or field was gone (return 2)
// Or return 0 when command is captured
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static int EmGetCmd(uint8_t *received, int *len)
{
        *len = 0;

        uint32_t timer = 0, vtime = 0;
        int analogCnt = 0;
        int analogAVG = 0;

        // Set FPGA mode to "simulated ISO 14443 tag", no modulation (listen
        // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
        // Signal field is off with the appropriate LED
        LED_D_OFF();
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);

        // Set ADC to read field strength
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_SWRST;
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_MR =
                                ADC_MODE_PRESCALE(32) |
                                ADC_MODE_STARTUP_TIME(16) |
                                ADC_MODE_SAMPLE_HOLD_TIME(8);
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CHER = ADC_CHANNEL(ADC_CHAN_HF);
        // start ADC
        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
        
        // Now run a 'software UART' on the stream of incoming samples.
        UartReset();
        Uart.output = received;

        // Clear RXRDY:
    uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;

        for(;;) {
                WDT_HIT();

                if (BUTTON_PRESS()) return 1;

                // test if the field exists
                if (AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_SR & ADC_END_OF_CONVERSION(ADC_CHAN_HF)) {
                        analogCnt++;
                        analogAVG += AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CDR[ADC_CHAN_HF];
                        AT91C_BASE_ADC->ADC_CR = AT91C_ADC_START;
                        if (analogCnt >= 32) {
                                if ((33000 * (analogAVG / analogCnt) >> 10) < MF_MINFIELDV) {
                                        vtime = GetTickCount();
                                        if (!timer) timer = vtime;
                                        // 50ms no field --> card to idle state
                                        if (vtime - timer > 50) return 2;
                                } else
                                        if (timer) timer = 0;
                                analogCnt = 0;
                                analogAVG = 0;
                        }
                }

                // receive and test the miller decoding
        if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
            b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                        if(MillerDecoding(b, 0)) {
                                *len = Uart.len;
                                return 0;
                        }
        }

        }
}


static int EmSendCmd14443aRaw(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded)
{
        uint8_t b;
        uint16_t i = 0;
        uint32_t ThisTransferTime;
        
        // Modulate Manchester
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_MOD);

        // include correction bit if necessary
        if (Uart.parityBits & 0x01) {
                correctionNeeded = TRUE;
        }
        if(correctionNeeded) {
                // 1236, so correction bit needed
                i = 0;
        } else {
                i = 1;
        }

        // clear receiving shift register and holding register
        while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
        b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) b;
        while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
        b = AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR; (void) b;
        
        // wait for the FPGA to signal fdt_indicator == 1 (the FPGA is ready to queue new data in its delay line)
        for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 5; j++) {      // allow timeout - better late than never
                while(!(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & AT91C_SSC_RXRDY));
                if (AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR) break;
        }

        while ((ThisTransferTime = GetCountSspClk()) & 0x00000007);

        // Clear TXRDY:
        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_F;

        // send cycle
        for(; i <= respLen; ) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = resp[i++];
                        FpgaSendQueueDelay = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                }
        
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                        break;
                }
        }

        // Ensure that the FPGA Delay Queue is empty before we switch to TAGSIM_LISTEN again:
        for (i = 0; i < 2 ; ) {
                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
                        AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_THR = SEC_F;
                        FpgaSendQueueDelay = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                        i++;
                }
        }
        
        LastTimeProxToAirStart = ThisTransferTime + (correctionNeeded?8:0);

        return 0;
}

int EmSend4bitEx(uint8_t resp, bool correctionNeeded){
        Code4bitAnswerAsTag(resp);
        int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax, correctionNeeded);
        // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
        EmLogTrace(Uart.output, 
                                Uart.len, 
                                Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                Uart.parityBits,
                                &resp, 
                                1, 
                                LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG,
                                (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG, 
                                SwapBits(GetParity(&resp, 1), 1));
        return res;
}

int EmSend4bit(uint8_t resp){
        return EmSend4bitEx(resp, false);
}

int EmSendCmdExPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded, uint32_t par){
        CodeIso14443aAsTagPar(resp, respLen, par);
        int res = EmSendCmd14443aRaw(ToSend, ToSendMax, correctionNeeded);
        // do the tracing for the previous reader request and this tag answer:
        EmLogTrace(Uart.output, 
                                Uart.len, 
                                Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 
                                Uart.parityBits,
                                resp, 
                                respLen, 
                                LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG,
                                (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_TAG, 
                                SwapBits(GetParity(resp, respLen), respLen));
        return res;
}

int EmSendCmdEx(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, bool correctionNeeded){
        return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, correctionNeeded, GetParity(resp, respLen));
}

int EmSendCmd(uint8_t *resp, int respLen){
        return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, false, GetParity(resp, respLen));
}

int EmSendCmdPar(uint8_t *resp, int respLen, uint32_t par){
        return EmSendCmdExPar(resp, respLen, false, par);
}

bool EmLogTrace(uint8_t *reader_data, uint16_t reader_len, uint32_t reader_StartTime, uint32_t reader_EndTime, uint32_t reader_Parity,
                                 uint8_t *tag_data, uint16_t tag_len, uint32_t tag_StartTime, uint32_t tag_EndTime, uint32_t tag_Parity)
{
        if (tracing) {
                // we cannot exactly measure the end and start of a received command from reader. However we know that the delay from
                // end of the received command to start of the tag's (simulated by us) answer is n*128+20 or n*128+84 resp.
                // with n >= 9. The start of the tags answer can be measured and therefore the end of the received command be calculated:
                uint16_t reader_modlen = reader_EndTime - reader_StartTime;
                uint16_t approx_fdt = tag_StartTime - reader_EndTime;
                uint16_t exact_fdt = (approx_fdt - 20 + 32)/64 * 64 + 20;
                reader_EndTime = tag_StartTime - exact_fdt;
                reader_StartTime = reader_EndTime - reader_modlen;
                if (!LogTrace(reader_data, reader_len, reader_StartTime, reader_Parity, TRUE)) {
                        return FALSE;
                } else if (!LogTrace(NULL, 0, reader_EndTime, 0, TRUE)) {
                        return FALSE;
                } else if (!LogTrace(tag_data, tag_len, tag_StartTime, tag_Parity, FALSE)) {
                        return FALSE;
                } else {
                        return (!LogTrace(NULL, 0, tag_EndTime, 0, FALSE));
                }
        } else {
                return TRUE;
        }
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Wait a certain time for tag response
//  If a response is captured return TRUE
//  If it takes too long return FALSE
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static int GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(uint8_t *receivedResponse, uint16_t offset, int maxLen)
{
        uint16_t c;
        
        // Set FPGA mode to "reader listen mode", no modulation (listen
        // only, since we are receiving, not transmitting).
        // Signal field is on with the appropriate LED
        LED_D_ON();
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
        
        // Now get the answer from the card
        DemodReset();
        Demod.output = receivedResponse;

        // clear RXRDY:
    uint8_t b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
        
        c = 0;
        for(;;) {
                WDT_HIT();

                if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
                        b = (uint8_t)AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
                        if(ManchesterDecoding(b, offset, 0)) {
                                NextTransferTime = MAX(NextTransferTime, Demod.endTime - (DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER)/16 + FRAME_DELAY_TIME_PICC_TO_PCD);
                                return TRUE;
                        } else if(c++ > iso14a_timeout) {
                                return FALSE; 
                        }
                }
        }
}

void ReaderTransmitBitsPar(uint8_t* frame, int bits, uint32_t par, uint32_t *timing)
{

        CodeIso14443aBitsAsReaderPar(frame,bits,par);
  
        // Send command to tag
        TransmitFor14443a(ToSend, ToSendMax, timing);
        if(trigger)
                LED_A_ON();
  
        // Log reader command in trace buffer
        if (tracing) {
                LogTrace(frame, nbytes(bits), LastTimeProxToAirStart*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, par, TRUE);
                LogTrace(NULL, 0, (LastTimeProxToAirStart + LastProxToAirDuration)*16 + DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER, 0, TRUE);
        }
}

void ReaderTransmitPar(uint8_t* frame, int len, uint32_t par, uint32_t *timing)
{
  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame,len*8,par, timing);
}

void ReaderTransmitBits(uint8_t* frame, int len, uint32_t *timing)
{
  // Generate parity and redirect
  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame,len,GetParity(frame,len/8), timing);
}

void ReaderTransmit(uint8_t* frame, int len, uint32_t *timing)
{
  // Generate parity and redirect
  ReaderTransmitBitsPar(frame,len*8,GetParity(frame,len), timing);
}

int ReaderReceiveOffset(uint8_t* receivedAnswer, uint16_t offset)
{
        if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer,offset,160)) return FALSE;
        if (tracing) {
                LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.parityBits, FALSE);
                LogTrace(NULL, 0, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, 0, FALSE);
        }
        return Demod.len;
}

int ReaderReceive(uint8_t* receivedAnswer)
{
        return ReaderReceiveOffset(receivedAnswer, 0);
}

int ReaderReceivePar(uint8_t *receivedAnswer, uint32_t *parptr)
{
        if (!GetIso14443aAnswerFromTag(receivedAnswer,0,160)) return FALSE;
        if (tracing) {
                LogTrace(receivedAnswer, Demod.len, Demod.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, Demod.parityBits, FALSE);
                LogTrace(NULL, 0, Demod.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_READER, 0, FALSE);
        }
        *parptr = Demod.parityBits;
        return Demod.len;
}

/* performs iso14443a anticollision procedure
 * fills the uid pointer unless NULL
 * fills resp_data unless NULL */
int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t* uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t* p_hi14a_card, uint32_t* cuid_ptr) {
  uint8_t wupa[]       = { 0x52 };  // 0x26 - REQA  0x52 - WAKE-UP
  uint8_t sel_all[]    = { 0x93,0x20 };
  uint8_t sel_uid[]    = { 0x93,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
  uint8_t rats[]       = { 0xE0,0x80,0x00,0x00 }; // FSD=256, FSDI=8, CID=0
  uint8_t* resp = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);   // was 3560 - tied to other size changes
  byte_t uid_resp[4];
  size_t uid_resp_len;

  uint8_t sak = 0x04; // cascade uid
  int cascade_level = 0;
  int len;
         
  // Broadcast for a card, WUPA (0x52) will force response from all cards in the field
    ReaderTransmitBitsPar(wupa,7,0, NULL);
        
  // Receive the ATQA
  if(!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;
  // Dbprintf("atqa: %02x %02x",resp[0],resp[1]);

  if(p_hi14a_card) {
    memcpy(p_hi14a_card->atqa, resp, 2);
    p_hi14a_card->uidlen = 0;
    memset(p_hi14a_card->uid,0,10);
  }

  // clear uid
  if (uid_ptr) {
    memset(uid_ptr,0,10);
  }

  // OK we will select at least at cascade 1, lets see if first byte of UID was 0x88 in
  // which case we need to make a cascade 2 request and select - this is a long UID
  // While the UID is not complete, the 3nd bit (from the right) is set in the SAK.
  for(; sak & 0x04; cascade_level++) {
    // SELECT_* (L1: 0x93, L2: 0x95, L3: 0x97)
    sel_uid[0] = sel_all[0] = 0x93 + cascade_level * 2;

    // SELECT_ALL
    ReaderTransmit(sel_all,sizeof(sel_all), NULL);
    if (!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;

        if (Demod.collisionPos) {                       // we had a collision and need to construct the UID bit by bit
                memset(uid_resp, 0, 4);
                uint16_t uid_resp_bits = 0;
                uint16_t collision_answer_offset = 0;
                // anti-collision-loop:
                while (Demod.collisionPos) {
                        Dbprintf("Multiple tags detected. Collision after Bit %d", Demod.collisionPos);
                        for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < Demod.collisionPos; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {      // add valid UID bits before collision point
                                uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i % 8)) & 0x01;
                                uid_resp[uid_resp_bits & 0xf8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
                        }
                        uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= 1 << (uid_resp_bits % 8);                                  // next time select the card(s) with a 1 in the collision position
                        uid_resp_bits++;
                        // construct anticollosion command:
                        sel_uid[1] = ((2 + uid_resp_bits/8) << 4) | (uid_resp_bits & 0x07);     // length of data in bytes and bits
                        for (uint16_t i = 0; i <= uid_resp_bits/8; i++) {
                                sel_uid[2+i] = uid_resp[i];
                        }
                        collision_answer_offset = uid_resp_bits%8;
                        ReaderTransmitBits(sel_uid, 16 + uid_resp_bits, NULL);
                        if (!ReaderReceiveOffset(resp, collision_answer_offset)) return 0;
                }
                // finally, add the last bits and BCC of the UID
                for (uint16_t i = collision_answer_offset; i < (Demod.len-1)*8; i++, uid_resp_bits++) {
                        uint16_t UIDbit = (resp[i/8] >> (i%8)) & 0x01;
                        uid_resp[uid_resp_bits/8] |= UIDbit << (uid_resp_bits % 8);
                }

        } else {                // no collision, use the response to SELECT_ALL as current uid
                memcpy(uid_resp,resp,4);
        }
        uid_resp_len = 4;
       // Dbprintf("uid: %02x %02x %02x %02x",uid_resp[0],uid_resp[1],uid_resp[2],uid_resp[3]);

    // calculate crypto UID. Always use last 4 Bytes.
    if(cuid_ptr) {
        *cuid_ptr = bytes_to_num(uid_resp, 4);
    }

    // Construct SELECT UID command
        sel_uid[1] = 0x70;                                                                                                      // transmitting a full UID (1 Byte cmd, 1 Byte NVB, 4 Byte UID, 1 Byte BCC, 2 Bytes CRC)
    memcpy(sel_uid+2,uid_resp,4);                                                                               // the UID
        sel_uid[6] = sel_uid[2] ^ sel_uid[3] ^ sel_uid[4] ^ sel_uid[5];         // calculate and add BCC
    AppendCrc14443a(sel_uid,7);                                                                                 // calculate and add CRC
    ReaderTransmit(sel_uid,sizeof(sel_uid), NULL);

    // Receive the SAK
    if (!ReaderReceive(resp)) return 0;
    sak = resp[0];

    // Test if more parts of the uid are comming
    if ((sak & 0x04) /* && uid_resp[0] == 0x88 */) {
      // Remove first byte, 0x88 is not an UID byte, it CT, see page 3 of:
      // http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN10927.pdf
      memcpy(uid_resp, uid_resp + 1, 3);
      uid_resp_len = 3;
    }

    if(uid_ptr) {
      memcpy(uid_ptr + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
    }

    if(p_hi14a_card) {
      memcpy(p_hi14a_card->uid + (cascade_level*3), uid_resp, uid_resp_len);
      p_hi14a_card->uidlen += uid_resp_len;
    }
  }

  if(p_hi14a_card) {
    p_hi14a_card->sak = sak;
    p_hi14a_card->ats_len = 0;
  }

  if( (sak & 0x20) == 0) {
    return 2; // non iso14443a compliant tag
  }

  // Request for answer to select
  AppendCrc14443a(rats, 2);
  ReaderTransmit(rats, sizeof(rats), NULL);

  if (!(len = ReaderReceive(resp))) return 0;

  if(p_hi14a_card) {
    memcpy(p_hi14a_card->ats, resp, sizeof(p_hi14a_card->ats));
    p_hi14a_card->ats_len = len;
  }

  // reset the PCB block number
  iso14_pcb_blocknum = 0;
  return 1;
}

void iso14443a_setup(uint8_t fpga_minor_mode) {
        // Set up the synchronous serial port
        FpgaSetupSsc();
        // connect Demodulated Signal to ADC:
        SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);

        // Signal field is on with the appropriate LED
        if (fpga_minor_mode == FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD
                || fpga_minor_mode == FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN) {
                LED_D_ON();
        } else {
                LED_D_OFF();
        }
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_ISO14443A | fpga_minor_mode);

        // Start the timer
        StartCountSspClk();
        
        DemodReset();
        UartReset();
        NextTransferTime = 2*DELAY_ARM2AIR_AS_READER;
        iso14a_set_timeout(1050); // 10ms default
}

int iso14_apdu(uint8_t * cmd, size_t cmd_len, void * data) {
        uint8_t real_cmd[cmd_len+4];
        real_cmd[0] = 0x0a; //I-Block
        // put block number into the PCB
        real_cmd[0] |= iso14_pcb_blocknum;
        real_cmd[1] = 0x00; //CID: 0 //FIXME: allow multiple selected cards
        memcpy(real_cmd+2, cmd, cmd_len);
        AppendCrc14443a(real_cmd,cmd_len+2);
 
        ReaderTransmit(real_cmd, cmd_len+4, NULL);
        size_t len = ReaderReceive(data);
        uint8_t * data_bytes = (uint8_t *) data;
        if (!len)
                return 0; //DATA LINK ERROR
        // if we received an I- or R(ACK)-Block with a block number equal to the
        // current block number, toggle the current block number
        else if (len >= 4 // PCB+CID+CRC = 4 bytes
                 && ((data_bytes[0] & 0xC0) == 0 // I-Block
                     || (data_bytes[0] & 0xD0) == 0x80) // R-Block with ACK bit set to 0
                 && (data_bytes[0] & 0x01) == iso14_pcb_blocknum) // equal block numbers
        {
                iso14_pcb_blocknum ^= 1;
        }

        return len;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Read an ISO 14443a tag. Send out commands and store answers.
//
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void ReaderIso14443a(UsbCommand *c)
{
        iso14a_command_t param = c->arg[0];
        uint8_t *cmd = c->d.asBytes;
        size_t len = c->arg[1];
        size_t lenbits = c->arg[2];
        uint32_t arg0 = 0;
        byte_t buf[USB_CMD_DATA_SIZE];
  
        if(param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
                iso14a_clear_trace();
        }

        iso14a_set_tracing(TRUE);

        if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {
                iso14a_set_trigger(TRUE);
        }

        if(param & ISO14A_CONNECT) {
                iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_LISTEN);
                if(!(param & ISO14A_NO_SELECT)) {
                        iso14a_card_select_t *card = (iso14a_card_select_t*)buf;
                        arg0 = iso14443a_select_card(NULL,card,NULL);
                        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,card->uidlen,0,buf,sizeof(iso14a_card_select_t));
                }
        }

        if(param & ISO14A_SET_TIMEOUT) {
                iso14a_timeout = c->arg[2];
        }

        if(param & ISO14A_APDU) {
                arg0 = iso14_apdu(cmd, len, buf);
                cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));
        }

        if(param & ISO14A_RAW) {
                if(param & ISO14A_APPEND_CRC) {
                        AppendCrc14443a(cmd,len);
                        len += 2;
                }
                if(lenbits>0) {
                        ReaderTransmitBitsPar(cmd,lenbits,GetParity(cmd,lenbits/8), NULL);
                } else {
                        ReaderTransmit(cmd,len, NULL);
                }
                arg0 = ReaderReceive(buf);
                cmd_send(CMD_ACK,arg0,0,0,buf,sizeof(buf));
        }

        if(param & ISO14A_REQUEST_TRIGGER) {
                iso14a_set_trigger(FALSE);
        }

        if(param & ISO14A_NO_DISCONNECT) {
                return;
        }

        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();
}


// Determine the distance between two nonces.
// Assume that the difference is small, but we don't know which is first.
// Therefore try in alternating directions.
int32_t dist_nt(uint32_t nt1, uint32_t nt2) {

        uint16_t i;
        uint32_t nttmp1, nttmp2;

        if (nt1 == nt2) return 0;

        nttmp1 = nt1;
        nttmp2 = nt2;
        
        for (i = 1; i < 32768; i++) {
                nttmp1 = prng_successor(nttmp1, 1);
                if (nttmp1 == nt2) return i;
                nttmp2 = prng_successor(nttmp2, 1);
                        if (nttmp2 == nt1) return -i;
                }
        
        return(-99999); // either nt1 or nt2 are invalid nonces
}


//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Recover several bits of the cypher stream. This implements (first stages of)
// the algorithm described in "The Dark Side of Security by Obscurity and
// Cloning MiFare Classic Rail and Building Passes, Anywhere, Anytime"
// (article by Nicolas T. Courtois, 2009)
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
{
        // Mifare AUTH
        uint8_t mf_auth[]    = { 0x60,0x00,0xf5,0x7b };
        uint8_t mf_nr_ar[]   = { 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };
        static uint8_t mf_nr_ar3;

        uint8_t* receivedAnswer = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + FREE_BUFFER_OFFSET);

        iso14a_clear_trace();
        iso14a_set_tracing(TRUE);

        byte_t nt_diff = 0;
        byte_t par = 0;
        //byte_t par_mask = 0xff;
        static byte_t par_low = 0;
        bool led_on = TRUE;
        uint8_t uid[10];
        uint32_t cuid;

        uint32_t nt, previous_nt;
        static uint32_t nt_attacked = 0;
        byte_t par_list[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
        byte_t ks_list[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};

        static uint32_t sync_time;
        static uint32_t sync_cycles;
        int catch_up_cycles = 0;
        int last_catch_up = 0;
        uint16_t consecutive_resyncs = 0;
        int isOK = 0;



        if (first_try) { 
                mf_nr_ar3 = 0;
                iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_READER_MOD);
                sync_time = GetCountSspClk() & 0xfffffff8;
                sync_cycles = 65536;                                                                    // theory: Mifare Classic's random generator repeats every 2^16 cycles (and so do the nonces).
                nt_attacked = 0;
                nt = 0;
                par = 0;
        }
        else {
                // we were unsuccessful on a previous call. Try another READER nonce (first 3 parity bits remain the same)
                // nt_attacked = prng_successor(nt_attacked, 1);
                mf_nr_ar3++;
                mf_nr_ar[3] = mf_nr_ar3;
                par = par_low;
        }

        LED_A_ON();
        LED_B_OFF();
        LED_C_OFF();
        
  
        for(uint16_t i = 0; TRUE; i++) {
                
                WDT_HIT();

                // Test if the action was cancelled
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                        break;
                }
                
                LED_C_ON();

                if(!iso14443a_select_card(uid, NULL, &cuid)) {
                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Can't select card");
                        continue;
                }

                sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
                catch_up_cycles = 0;

                // if we missed the sync time already, advance to the next nonce repeat
                while(GetCountSspClk() > sync_time) {
                        sync_time = (sync_time & 0xfffffff8) + sync_cycles;
                }

                // Transmit MIFARE_CLASSIC_AUTH at synctime. Should result in returning the same tag nonce (== nt_attacked) 
                ReaderTransmit(mf_auth, sizeof(mf_auth), &sync_time);

                // Receive the (4 Byte) "random" nonce
                if (!ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer)) {
                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Mifare: Couldn't receive tag nonce");
                        continue;
                  }

                previous_nt = nt;
                nt = bytes_to_num(receivedAnswer, 4);

                // Transmit reader nonce with fake par
                ReaderTransmitPar(mf_nr_ar, sizeof(mf_nr_ar), par, NULL);

                if (first_try && previous_nt && !nt_attacked) { // we didn't calibrate our clock yet
                        int nt_distance = dist_nt(previous_nt, nt);
                        if (nt_distance == 0) {
                                nt_attacked = nt;
                        }
                        else {
                                if (nt_distance == -99999) { // invalid nonce received, try again
                                        continue;
                                }
                                sync_cycles = (sync_cycles - nt_distance);
                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("calibrating in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d, Sync_cycles: %d\n", i, nt_distance, sync_cycles);
                                continue;
                        }
                }

                if ((nt != nt_attacked) && nt_attacked) {       // we somehow lost sync. Try to catch up again...
                        catch_up_cycles = -dist_nt(nt_attacked, nt);
                        if (catch_up_cycles == 99999) {                 // invalid nonce received. Don't resync on that one.
                                catch_up_cycles = 0;
                                continue;
                        }
                        if (catch_up_cycles == last_catch_up) {
                                consecutive_resyncs++;
                        }
                        else {
                                last_catch_up = catch_up_cycles;
                            consecutive_resyncs = 0;
                        }
                        if (consecutive_resyncs < 3) {
                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d. nt_distance=%d. Consecutive Resyncs = %d. Trying one time catch up...\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, consecutive_resyncs);
                        }
                        else {  
                                sync_cycles = sync_cycles + catch_up_cycles;
                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 3) Dbprintf("Lost sync in cycle %d for the fourth time consecutively (nt_distance = %d). Adjusting sync_cycles to %d.\n", i, -catch_up_cycles, sync_cycles);
                        }
                        continue;
                }
 
                consecutive_resyncs = 0;
                
                // Receive answer. This will be a 4 Bit NACK when the 8 parity bits are OK after decoding
                if (ReaderReceive(receivedAnswer))
                {
                        catch_up_cycles = 8;    // the PRNG is delayed by 8 cycles due to the NAC (4Bits = 0x05 encrypted) transfer
        
                        if (nt_diff == 0)
                        {
                                par_low = par & 0x07; // there is no need to check all parities for other nt_diff. Parity Bits for mf_nr_ar[0..2] won't change
                        }

                        led_on = !led_on;
                        if(led_on) LED_B_ON(); else LED_B_OFF();

                        par_list[nt_diff] = par;
                        ks_list[nt_diff] = receivedAnswer[0] ^ 0x05;

                        // Test if the information is complete
                        if (nt_diff == 0x07) {
                                isOK = 1;
                                break;
                        }

                        nt_diff = (nt_diff + 1) & 0x07;
                        mf_nr_ar[3] = (mf_nr_ar[3] & 0x1F) | (nt_diff << 5);
                        par = par_low;
                } else {
                        if (nt_diff == 0 && first_try)
                        {
                                par++;
                        } else {
                                par = (((par >> 3) + 1) << 3) | par_low;
                        }
                }
        }


        mf_nr_ar[3] &= 0x1F;
        
        byte_t buf[28];
        memcpy(buf + 0,  uid, 4);
        num_to_bytes(nt, 4, buf + 4);
        memcpy(buf + 8,  par_list, 8);
        memcpy(buf + 16, ks_list, 8);
        memcpy(buf + 24, mf_nr_ar, 4);
                
        cmd_send(CMD_ACK,isOK,0,0,buf,28);

        // Thats it...
        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();

        iso14a_set_tracing(FALSE);
}

/**
  *MIFARE 1K simulate.
  *
  *@param flags :
  *     FLAG_INTERACTIVE - In interactive mode, we are expected to finish the operation with an ACK
  * 4B_FLAG_UID_IN_DATA - means that there is a 4-byte UID in the data-section, we're expected to use that
  * 7B_FLAG_UID_IN_DATA - means that there is a 7-byte UID in the data-section, we're expected to use that
  *     FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK  - means we should collect NR_AR responses for bruteforcing later
  *@param exitAfterNReads, exit simulation after n blocks have been read, 0 is inifite
  */
void Mifare1ksim(uint8_t flags, uint8_t exitAfterNReads, uint8_t arg2, uint8_t *datain)
{
        int cardSTATE = MFEMUL_NOFIELD;
        int _7BUID = 0;
        int vHf = 0;    // in mV
        int res;
        uint32_t selTimer = 0;
        uint32_t authTimer = 0;
        uint32_t par = 0;
        int len = 0;
        uint8_t cardWRBL = 0;
        uint8_t cardAUTHSC = 0;
        uint8_t cardAUTHKEY = 0xff;  // no authentication
        uint32_t cardRr = 0;
        uint32_t cuid = 0;
        //uint32_t rn_enc = 0;
        uint32_t ans = 0;
        uint32_t cardINTREG = 0;
        uint8_t cardINTBLOCK = 0;
        struct Crypto1State mpcs = {0, 0};
        struct Crypto1State *pcs;
        pcs = &mpcs;
        uint32_t numReads = 0;//Counts numer of times reader read a block
        uint8_t* receivedCmd = eml_get_bigbufptr_recbuf();
        uint8_t *response = eml_get_bigbufptr_sendbuf();
        
        uint8_t rATQA[] = {0x04, 0x00}; // Mifare classic 1k 4BUID
        uint8_t rUIDBCC1[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62};
        uint8_t rUIDBCC2[] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0x62}; // !!!
        uint8_t rSAK[] = {0x08, 0xb6, 0xdd};
        uint8_t rSAK1[] = {0x04, 0xda, 0x17};

        uint8_t rAUTH_NT[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
        uint8_t rAUTH_AT[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
                
        //Here, we collect UID,NT,AR,NR,UID2,NT2,AR2,NR2
        // This can be used in a reader-only attack.
        // (it can also be retrieved via 'hf 14a list', but hey...
        uint32_t ar_nr_responses[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
        uint8_t ar_nr_collected = 0;

        // clear trace
    iso14a_clear_trace();
        iso14a_set_tracing(TRUE);

        // Authenticate response - nonce
        uint32_t nonce = bytes_to_num(rAUTH_NT, 4);
        
        //-- Determine the UID
        // Can be set from emulator memory, incoming data
        // and can be 7 or 4 bytes long
        if (flags & FLAG_4B_UID_IN_DATA)
        {
                // 4B uid comes from data-portion of packet
                memcpy(rUIDBCC1,datain,4);
                rUIDBCC1[4] = rUIDBCC1[0] ^ rUIDBCC1[1] ^ rUIDBCC1[2] ^ rUIDBCC1[3];

        } else if (flags & FLAG_7B_UID_IN_DATA) {
                // 7B uid comes from data-portion of packet
                memcpy(&rUIDBCC1[1],datain,3);
                memcpy(rUIDBCC2, datain+3, 4);
                _7BUID = true;
        } else {
                // get UID from emul memory
                emlGetMemBt(receivedCmd, 7, 1);
                _7BUID = !(receivedCmd[0] == 0x00);
                if (!_7BUID) {                     // ---------- 4BUID
                        emlGetMemBt(rUIDBCC1, 0, 4);
                } else {                           // ---------- 7BUID
                        emlGetMemBt(&rUIDBCC1[1], 0, 3);
                        emlGetMemBt(rUIDBCC2, 3, 4);
                }
        }

        /*
         * Regardless of what method was used to set the UID, set fifth byte and modify
         * the ATQA for 4 or 7-byte UID
         */
        rUIDBCC1[4] = rUIDBCC1[0] ^ rUIDBCC1[1] ^ rUIDBCC1[2] ^ rUIDBCC1[3];
        if (_7BUID) {
                rATQA[0] = 0x44;
                rUIDBCC1[0] = 0x88;
                rUIDBCC2[4] = rUIDBCC2[0] ^ rUIDBCC2[1] ^ rUIDBCC2[2] ^ rUIDBCC2[3];
        }

        // We need to listen to the high-frequency, peak-detected path.
        iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_TAGSIM_LISTEN);


        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   {
                if (!_7BUID) {
                        Dbprintf("4B UID: %02x%02x%02x%02x",rUIDBCC1[0] , rUIDBCC1[1] , rUIDBCC1[2] , rUIDBCC1[3]);
                } else {
                        Dbprintf("7B UID: (%02x)%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",rUIDBCC1[0] , rUIDBCC1[1] , rUIDBCC1[2] , rUIDBCC1[3],rUIDBCC2[0],rUIDBCC2[1] ,rUIDBCC2[2] , rUIDBCC2[3]);
                }
        }

        bool finished = FALSE;
        while (!BUTTON_PRESS() && !finished) {
                WDT_HIT();

                // find reader field
                // Vref = 3300mV, and an 10:1 voltage divider on the input
                // can measure voltages up to 33000 mV
                if (cardSTATE == MFEMUL_NOFIELD) {
                        vHf = (33000 * AvgAdc(ADC_CHAN_HF)) >> 10;
                        if (vHf > MF_MINFIELDV) {
                                cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                LED_A_ON();
                        }
                } 
                if(cardSTATE == MFEMUL_NOFIELD) continue;

                //Now, get data

                res = EmGetCmd(receivedCmd, &len);
                if (res == 2) { //Field is off!
                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_NOFIELD;
                        LEDsoff();
                        continue;
                } else if (res == 1) {
                        break;  //return value 1 means button press
                }
                        
                // REQ or WUP request in ANY state and WUP in HALTED state
                if (len == 1 && ((receivedCmd[0] == 0x26 && cardSTATE != MFEMUL_HALTED) || receivedCmd[0] == 0x52)) {
                        selTimer = GetTickCount();
                        EmSendCmdEx(rATQA, sizeof(rATQA), (receivedCmd[0] == 0x52));
                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_SELECT1;

                        // init crypto block
                        LED_B_OFF();
                        LED_C_OFF();
                        crypto1_destroy(pcs);
                        cardAUTHKEY = 0xff;
                        continue;
                }
                
                switch (cardSTATE) {
                        case MFEMUL_NOFIELD:
                        case MFEMUL_HALTED:
                        case MFEMUL_IDLE:{
                                LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_SELECT1:{
                                // select all
                                if (len == 2 && (receivedCmd[0] == 0x93 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x20)) {
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("SELECT ALL received");
                                        EmSendCmd(rUIDBCC1, sizeof(rUIDBCC1));
                                        break;
                                }

                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4 && len == 9 && receivedCmd[0] == 0x93 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 )
                                {
                                        Dbprintf("SELECT %02x%02x%02x%02x received",receivedCmd[2],receivedCmd[3],receivedCmd[4],receivedCmd[5]);
                                }
                                // select card
                                if (len == 9 && 
                                                (receivedCmd[0] == 0x93 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && memcmp(&receivedCmd[2], rUIDBCC1, 4) == 0)) {
                                        EmSendCmd(_7BUID?rSAK1:rSAK, sizeof(_7BUID?rSAK1:rSAK));
                                        cuid = bytes_to_num(rUIDBCC1, 4);
                                        if (!_7BUID) {
                                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                                LED_B_ON();
                                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> WORK. anticol1 time: %d", GetTickCount() - selTimer);
                                                break;
                                        } else {
                                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_SELECT2;
                                        }
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_AUTH1:{
                                if( len != 8)
                                {
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                        LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }
                                uint32_t ar = bytes_to_num(receivedCmd, 4);
                                uint32_t nr= bytes_to_num(&receivedCmd[4], 4);

                                //Collect AR/NR
                                if(ar_nr_collected < 2){
                                        if(ar_nr_responses[2] != ar)
                                        {// Avoid duplicates... probably not necessary, ar should vary. 
                                                ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4] = cuid;
                                                ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4+1] = nonce;
                                                ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4+2] = ar;
                                                ar_nr_responses[ar_nr_collected*4+3] = nr;
                                                ar_nr_collected++;
                                        }
                                }

                                // --- crypto
                                crypto1_word(pcs, ar , 1);
                                cardRr = nr ^ crypto1_word(pcs, 0, 0);

                                // test if auth OK
                                if (cardRr != prng_successor(nonce, 64)){
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2)   Dbprintf("AUTH FAILED. cardRr=%08x, succ=%08x",cardRr, prng_successor(nonce, 64));
                                        // Shouldn't we respond anything here?
                                        // Right now, we don't nack or anything, which causes the
                                        // reader to do a WUPA after a while. /Martin
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                        LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }

                                ans = prng_successor(nonce, 96) ^ crypto1_word(pcs, 0, 0);

                                num_to_bytes(ans, 4, rAUTH_AT);
                                // --- crypto
                                EmSendCmd(rAUTH_AT, sizeof(rAUTH_AT));
                                LED_C_ON();
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("AUTH COMPLETED. sector=%d, key=%d time=%d", cardAUTHSC, cardAUTHKEY, GetTickCount() - authTimer);
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_SELECT2:{
                                if (!len) { 
                                        LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                        LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }
                                if (len == 2 && (receivedCmd[0] == 0x95 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x20)) {
                                        EmSendCmd(rUIDBCC2, sizeof(rUIDBCC2));
                                        break;
                                }

                                // select 2 card
                                if (len == 9 && 
                                                (receivedCmd[0] == 0x95 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x70 && memcmp(&receivedCmd[2], rUIDBCC2, 4) == 0)) {
                                        EmSendCmd(rSAK, sizeof(rSAK));
                                        cuid = bytes_to_num(rUIDBCC2, 4);
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                        LED_B_ON();
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> WORK. anticol2 time: %d", GetTickCount() - selTimer);
                                        break;
                                }
                                
                                // i guess there is a command). go into the work state.
                                if (len != 4) {
                                        LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                        LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                //goto lbWORK;
                                //intentional fall-through to the next case-stmt
                        }

                        case MFEMUL_WORK:{
                                if (len == 0) {
                                        LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                        LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }
                                
                                bool encrypted_data = (cardAUTHKEY != 0xFF) ;

                                if(encrypted_data) {
                                        // decrypt seqence
                                        mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
                                }
                                
                                if (len == 4 && (receivedCmd[0] == 0x60 || receivedCmd[0] == 0x61)) {
                                        authTimer = GetTickCount();
                                        cardAUTHSC = receivedCmd[1] / 4;  // received block num
                                        cardAUTHKEY = receivedCmd[0] - 0x60;
                                        crypto1_destroy(pcs);//Added by martin
                                        crypto1_create(pcs, emlGetKey(cardAUTHSC, cardAUTHKEY));

                                        if (!encrypted_data) { // first authentication
                                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader authenticating for block %d (0x%02x) with key %d",receivedCmd[1] ,receivedCmd[1],cardAUTHKEY  );

                                                crypto1_word(pcs, cuid ^ nonce, 0);//Update crypto state
                                                num_to_bytes(nonce, 4, rAUTH_AT); // Send nonce
                                        } else { // nested authentication
                                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader doing nested authentication for block %d (0x%02x) with key %d",receivedCmd[1] ,receivedCmd[1],cardAUTHKEY );
                                                ans = nonce ^ crypto1_word(pcs, cuid ^ nonce, 0); 
                                                num_to_bytes(ans, 4, rAUTH_AT);
                                        }
                                        EmSendCmd(rAUTH_AT, sizeof(rAUTH_AT));
                                        //Dbprintf("Sending rAUTH %02x%02x%02x%02x", rAUTH_AT[0],rAUTH_AT[1],rAUTH_AT[2],rAUTH_AT[3]);
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_AUTH1;
                                        break;
                                }
                                
                                // rule 13 of 7.5.3. in ISO 14443-4. chaining shall be continued
                                // BUT... ACK --> NACK
                                if (len == 1 && receivedCmd[0] == CARD_ACK) {
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                        break;
                                }
                                
                                // rule 12 of 7.5.3. in ISO 14443-4. R(NAK) --> R(ACK)
                                if (len == 1 && receivedCmd[0] == CARD_NACK_NA) {
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
                                        break;
                                }
                                
                                if(len != 4) {
                                        LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                        LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }

                                if(receivedCmd[0] == 0x30 // read block
                                                || receivedCmd[0] == 0xA0 // write block
                                                || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC0
                                                || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC1
                                                || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC2 // inc dec restore
                                                || receivedCmd[0] == 0xB0) { // transfer
                                        if (receivedCmd[1] >= 16 * 4) {
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate (0x%02) on out of range block: %d (0x%02x), nacking",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
                                                break;
                                        }

                                        if (receivedCmd[1] / 4 != cardAUTHSC) {
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate (0x%02) on block (0x%02x) not authenticated for (0x%02x), nacking",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],cardAUTHSC);
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }
                                // read block
                                if (receivedCmd[0] == 0x30) {
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) {
                                                Dbprintf("Reader reading block %d (0x%02x)",receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
                                        }
                                        emlGetMem(response, receivedCmd[1], 1);
                                        AppendCrc14443a(response, 16);
                                        mf_crypto1_encrypt(pcs, response, 18, &par);
                                        EmSendCmdPar(response, 18, par);
                                        numReads++;
                                        if(exitAfterNReads > 0 && numReads == exitAfterNReads) {
                                                Dbprintf("%d reads done, exiting", numReads);
                                                finished = true;
                                        }
                                        break;
                                }
                                // write block
                                if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xA0) {
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("RECV 0xA0 write block %d (%02x)",receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WRITEBL2;
                                        cardWRBL = receivedCmd[1];
                                        break;
                                }
                                // increment, decrement, restore
                                if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC0 || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC1 || receivedCmd[0] == 0xC2) {
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("RECV 0x%02x inc(0xC1)/dec(0xC0)/restore(0xC2) block %d (%02x)",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
                                        if (emlCheckValBl(receivedCmd[1])) {
                                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("Reader tried to operate on block, but emlCheckValBl failed, nacking");
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                                break;
                                        }
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
                                        if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC1)
                                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_INC;
                                        if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC0)
                                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_DEC;
                                        if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xC2)
                                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_INTREG_REST;
                                        cardWRBL = receivedCmd[1];
                                        break;
                                }
                                // transfer
                                if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xB0) {
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 2) Dbprintf("RECV 0x%02x transfer block %d (%02x)",receivedCmd[0],receivedCmd[1],receivedCmd[1]);
                                        if (emlSetValBl(cardINTREG, cardINTBLOCK, receivedCmd[1]))
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                        else
                                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
                                        break;
                                }
                                // halt
                                if (receivedCmd[0] == 0x50 && receivedCmd[1] == 0x00) {
                                        LED_B_OFF();
                                        LED_C_OFF();
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_HALTED;
                                        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("--> HALTED. Selected time: %d ms",  GetTickCount() - selTimer);
                                        LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                        LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                        break;
                                }
                                // RATS
                                if (receivedCmd[0] == 0xe0) {//RATS
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                        break;
                                }
                                // command not allowed
                                if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 4)   Dbprintf("Received command not allowed, nacking");
                                EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_WRITEBL2:{
                                if (len == 18){
                                        mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
                                        emlSetMem(receivedCmd, cardWRBL, 1);
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_ACK));
                                        cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                } else {
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                        LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                        
                        case MFEMUL_INTREG_INC:{
                                mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
                                memcpy(&ans, receivedCmd, 4);
                                if (emlGetValBl(&cardINTREG, &cardINTBLOCK, cardWRBL)) {
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        break;
                                } 
                                LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                cardINTREG = cardINTREG + ans;
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_INTREG_DEC:{
                                mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
                                memcpy(&ans, receivedCmd, 4);
                                if (emlGetValBl(&cardINTREG, &cardINTBLOCK, cardWRBL)) {
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        break;
                                }
                                LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                cardINTREG = cardINTREG - ans;
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                break;
                        }
                        case MFEMUL_INTREG_REST:{
                                mf_crypto1_decrypt(pcs, receivedCmd, len);
                                memcpy(&ans, receivedCmd, 4);
                                if (emlGetValBl(&cardINTREG, &cardINTBLOCK, cardWRBL)) {
                                        EmSend4bit(mf_crypto1_encrypt4bit(pcs, CARD_NACK_NA));
                                        cardSTATE_TO_IDLE();
                                        break;
                                }
                                LogTrace(Uart.output, Uart.len, Uart.startTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, Uart.parityBits, TRUE);
                                LogTrace(NULL, 0, Uart.endTime*16 - DELAY_AIR2ARM_AS_TAG, 0, TRUE);
                                cardSTATE = MFEMUL_WORK;
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }

        FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
        LEDsoff();

        if(flags & FLAG_INTERACTIVE)// Interactive mode flag, means we need to send ACK
        {
                //May just aswell send the collected ar_nr in the response aswell
                cmd_send(CMD_ACK,CMD_SIMULATE_MIFARE_CARD,0,0,&ar_nr_responses,ar_nr_collected*4*4);
        }
        if(flags & FLAG_NR_AR_ATTACK)
        {
                if(ar_nr_collected > 1) {
                        Dbprintf("Collected two pairs of AR/NR which can be used to extract keys from reader:");
                        Dbprintf("../tools/mfkey/mfkey32 %08x %08x %08x %08x",
                                         ar_nr_responses[0], // UID
                                        ar_nr_responses[1], //NT
                                        ar_nr_responses[2], //AR1
                                        ar_nr_responses[3], //NR1
                                        ar_nr_responses[6], //AR2
                                        ar_nr_responses[7] //NR2
                                        );
                } else {
                        Dbprintf("Failed to obtain two AR/NR pairs!");
                        if(ar_nr_collected >0) {
                                Dbprintf("Only got these: UID=%08d, nonce=%08d, AR1=%08d, NR1=%08d",
                                                ar_nr_responses[0], // UID
                                                ar_nr_responses[1], //NT
                                                ar_nr_responses[2], //AR1
                                                ar_nr_responses[3] //NR1
                                                );
                        }
                }
        }
        if (MF_DBGLEVEL >= 1)   Dbprintf("Emulator stopped. Tracing: %d  trace length: %d ",    tracing, traceLen);
}



//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MIFARE sniffer. 
// 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void RAMFUNC SniffMifare(uint8_t param) {
        // param:
        // bit 0 - trigger from first card answer
        // bit 1 - trigger from first reader 7-bit request

        // C(red) A(yellow) B(green)
        LEDsoff();
        // init trace buffer
    iso14a_clear_trace();

        // The command (reader -> tag) that we're receiving.
        // The length of a received command will in most cases be no more than 18 bytes.
        // So 32 should be enough!
        uint8_t *receivedCmd = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_CMD_OFFSET);
        // The response (tag -> reader) that we're receiving.
        uint8_t *receivedResponse = (((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + RECV_RES_OFFSET);

        // As we receive stuff, we copy it from receivedCmd or receivedResponse
        // into trace, along with its length and other annotations.
        //uint8_t *trace = (uint8_t *)BigBuf;
        
        // The DMA buffer, used to stream samples from the FPGA
        uint8_t *dmaBuf = ((uint8_t *)BigBuf) + DMA_BUFFER_OFFSET;
        uint8_t *data = dmaBuf;
        uint8_t previous_data = 0;
        int maxDataLen = 0;
        int dataLen = 0;
        bool ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
        bool TagIsActive = FALSE;

        iso14443a_setup(FPGA_HF_ISO14443A_SNIFFER);

        // Set up the demodulator for tag -> reader responses.
        Demod.output = receivedResponse;

        // Set up the demodulator for the reader -> tag commands
        Uart.output = receivedCmd;

        // Setup for the DMA.
        FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE); // set transfer address and number of bytes. Start transfer.

        LED_D_OFF();
        
        // init sniffer
        MfSniffInit();

        // And now we loop, receiving samples.
        for(uint32_t sniffCounter = 0; TRUE; ) {
        
                if(BUTTON_PRESS()) {
                        DbpString("cancelled by button");
                        break;
                }

                LED_A_ON();
                WDT_HIT();
                
                if ((sniffCounter & 0x0000FFFF) == 0) { // from time to time
                        // check if a transaction is completed (timeout after 2000ms).
                        // if yes, stop the DMA transfer and send what we have so far to the client
                        if (MfSniffSend(2000)) {                        
                                // Reset everything - we missed some sniffed data anyway while the DMA was stopped
                                sniffCounter = 0;
                                data = dmaBuf;
                                maxDataLen = 0;
                                ReaderIsActive = FALSE;
                                TagIsActive = FALSE;
                                FpgaSetupSscDma((uint8_t *)dmaBuf, DMA_BUFFER_SIZE); // set transfer address and number of bytes. Start transfer.
                        }
                }
                
                int register readBufDataP = data - dmaBuf;      // number of bytes we have processed so far
                int register dmaBufDataP = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR; // number of bytes already transferred
                if (readBufDataP <= dmaBufDataP){                       // we are processing the same block of data which is currently being transferred
                        dataLen = dmaBufDataP - readBufDataP;   // number of bytes still to be processed
                } else {                                                                        
                        dataLen = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE - readBufDataP + dmaBufDataP; // number of bytes still to be processed
                }
                // test for length of buffer
                if(dataLen > maxDataLen) {                                      // we are more behind than ever...
                        maxDataLen = dataLen;                                   
                        if(dataLen > 400) {
                                Dbprintf("blew circular buffer! dataLen=0x%x", dataLen);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if(dataLen < 1) continue;

                // primary buffer was stopped ( <-- we lost data!
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR) {
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
                        Dbprintf("RxEmpty ERROR!!! data length:%d", dataLen); // temporary
                }
                // secondary buffer sets as primary, secondary buffer was stopped
                if (!AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR) {
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNPR = (uint32_t) dmaBuf;
                        AT91C_BASE_PDC_SSC->PDC_RNCR = DMA_BUFFER_SIZE;
                }

                LED_A_OFF();
                
                if (sniffCounter & 0x01) {

                        if(!TagIsActive) {              // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
                                uint8_t readerdata = (previous_data & 0xF0) | (*data >> 4);
                                if(MillerDecoding(readerdata, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_C_INV();
                                        if (MfSniffLogic(receivedCmd, Uart.len, Uart.parityBits, Uart.bitCount, TRUE)) break;

                                        /* And ready to receive another command. */
                                        UartReset();
                                        
                                        /* And also reset the demod code */
                                        DemodReset();
                                }
                                ReaderIsActive = (Uart.state != STATE_UNSYNCD);
                        }
                        
                        if(!ReaderIsActive) {           // no need to try decoding tag data if the reader is sending
                                uint8_t tagdata = (previous_data << 4) | (*data & 0x0F);
                                if(ManchesterDecoding(tagdata, 0, (sniffCounter-1)*4)) {
                                        LED_C_INV();

                                        if (MfSniffLogic(receivedResponse, Demod.len, Demod.parityBits, Demod.bitCount, FALSE)) break;

                                        // And ready to receive another response.
                                        DemodReset();
                                }
                                TagIsActive = (Demod.state != DEMOD_UNSYNCD);
                        }
                }

                previous_data = *data;
                sniffCounter++;
                data++;
                if(data > dmaBuf + DMA_BUFFER_SIZE) {
                        data = dmaBuf;
                }

        } // main cycle

        DbpString("COMMAND FINISHED");

        FpgaDisableSscDma();
        MfSniffEnd();
        
        Dbprintf("maxDataLen=%x, Uart.state=%x, Uart.len=%x", maxDataLen, Uart.state, Uart.len);
        LEDsoff();
}