1 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
   2 // Copyright (C) 2010 iZsh <izsh at fail0verflow.com> 
   4 // This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or, 
   5 // at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of 
   7 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
   8 // Data and Graph commands 
   9 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
  15 #include "proxmark3.h" 
  19 #include "cmdparser.h" 
  27 uint8_t DemodBuffer
[MAX_DEMOD_BUF_LEN
]; 
  30 static int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd
); 
  32 //set the demod buffer with given array of binary (one bit per byte) 
  34 void setDemodBuf(uint8_t *buff
, size_t size
, size_t startIdx
) 
  39         if ( size 
>= MAX_DEMOD_BUF_LEN
) 
  40                 size 
= MAX_DEMOD_BUF_LEN
; 
  43         for (; i 
< size
; i
++){ 
  44                 DemodBuffer
[i
]=buff
[startIdx
++]; 
  50 int CmdSetDebugMode(const char *Cmd
) 
  53         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i", &demod
); 
  54         g_debugMode
=(uint8_t)demod
; 
  59 void printDemodBuff(void) 
  62         int bitLen 
= DemodBufferLen
; 
  64                 PrintAndLog("no bits found in demod buffer"); 
  67         if (bitLen
>512) bitLen
=512; //max output to 512 bits if we have more - should be plenty 
  69         // ensure equally divided by 16 
  72         for (i 
= 0; i 
<= (bitLen
-16); i
+=16) { 
  73                 PrintAndLog("%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i", 
  95 int CmdPrintDemodBuff(const char *Cmd
) 
  98         char printBuff
[512]={0x00}; 
  99         uint8_t numBits 
= DemodBufferLen 
& 0xFFF0; 
 100         sscanf(Cmd
, "%c", &hex
); 
 102                 PrintAndLog("Usage: data printdemodbuffer [x]"); 
 103                 PrintAndLog("Options:        "); 
 104                 PrintAndLog("       h       This help"); 
 105                 PrintAndLog("       x       output in hex (omit for binary output)"); 
 109                 numBits 
= binarraytohex(printBuff
, (char *)DemodBuffer
, numBits
); 
 110                 if (numBits
==0) return 0; 
 111                 PrintAndLog("DemodBuffer: %s",printBuff
); 
 117 int CmdAmp(const char *Cmd
) 
 119         int i
, rising
, falling
; 
 120         int max 
= INT_MIN
, min 
= INT_MAX
; 
 122         for (i 
= 10; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) { 
 123                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > max
) 
 124                         max 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
 125                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < min
) 
 126                         min 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
 131                 for (i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) { 
 132                         if (GraphBuffer
[i 
+ 1] < GraphBuffer
[i
]) { 
 134                                         GraphBuffer
[i
] = max
; 
 139                         if (GraphBuffer
[i 
+ 1] > GraphBuffer
[i
]) { 
 141                                         GraphBuffer
[i
] = min
; 
 148         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
 153  * Generic command to demodulate ASK. 
 155  * Argument is convention: positive or negative (High mod means zero 
 156  * or high mod means one) 
 158  * Updates the Graph trace with 0/1 values 
 161  * c : 0 or 1  (or invert) 
 163  //this method ignores the clock 
 165  //this function strictly converts highs and lows to 1s and 0s for each sample in the graphbuffer 
 166 int Cmdaskdemod(const char *Cmd
) 
 169         int c
, high 
= 0, low 
= 0; 
 171         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i", &c
); 
 173         /* Detect high and lows */ 
 174         for (i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) 
 176                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > high
) 
 177                         high 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
 178                 else if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < low
) 
 179                         low 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
 183         if (c 
!= 0 && c 
!= 1) { 
 184                 PrintAndLog("Invalid argument: %s", Cmd
); 
 188         if (GraphBuffer
[0] > 0) { 
 189                 GraphBuffer
[0] = 1-c
; 
 193         for (i 
= 1; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) { 
 194                 /* Transitions are detected at each peak 
 195                  * Transitions are either: 
 196                  * - we're low: transition if we hit a high 
 197                  * - we're high: transition if we hit a low 
 198                  * (we need to do it this way because some tags keep high or 
 199                  * low for long periods, others just reach the peak and go 
 202                 //[marhsmellow] change == to >= for high and <= for low for fuzz 
 203                 if ((GraphBuffer
[i
] >= high
) && (GraphBuffer
[i 
- 1] == c
)) { 
 204                         GraphBuffer
[i
] = 1 - c
; 
 205                 } else if ((GraphBuffer
[i
] <= low
) && (GraphBuffer
[i 
- 1] == (1 - c
))){ 
 209                         GraphBuffer
[i
] = GraphBuffer
[i 
- 1]; 
 212         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
 216 //this function strictly converts >1 to 1 and <1 to 0 for each sample in the graphbuffer 
 217 int CmdGetBitStream(const char *Cmd
) 
 221         for (i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; i
++) { 
 222                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] >= 1) { 
 228         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
 234 void printBitStream(uint8_t BitStream
[], uint32_t bitLen
) 
 238                 PrintAndLog("Too few bits found: %d",bitLen
); 
 241         if (bitLen
>512) bitLen
=512; 
 243                 // ensure equally divided by 16 
 247         for (i 
= 0; i 
<= (bitLen
-16); i
+=16) { 
 248                 PrintAndLog("%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i%i", 
 270 //print 64 bit EM410x ID in multiple formats 
 271 void printEM410x(uint32_t hi
, uint64_t id
) 
 278                 for (ii
=5; ii
>0;ii
--){ 
 280                                 id2lo
=(id2lo
<<1LL) | ((id 
& (iii 
<< (i
+((ii
-1)*8)))) >> (i
+((ii
-1)*8))); 
 284                         //output 88 bit em id 
 285                         PrintAndLog("\nEM TAG ID      : %06x%016llx", hi
, id
); 
 287                         //output 40 bit em id 
 288                         PrintAndLog("\nEM TAG ID      : %010llx", id
); 
 289                         PrintAndLog("Unique TAG ID  : %010llx",  id2lo
); 
 290                         PrintAndLog("\nPossible de-scramble patterns"); 
 291                         PrintAndLog("HoneyWell IdentKey {"); 
 292                         PrintAndLog("DEZ 8          : %08lld",id 
& 0xFFFFFF); 
 293                         PrintAndLog("DEZ 10         : %010lld",id 
& 0xFFFFFFFF); 
 294                         PrintAndLog("DEZ 5.5        : %05lld.%05lld",(id
>>16LL) & 0xFFFF,(id 
& 0xFFFF)); 
 295                         PrintAndLog("DEZ 3.5A       : %03lld.%05lld",(id
>>32ll),(id 
& 0xFFFF)); 
 296                         PrintAndLog("DEZ 3.5B       : %03lld.%05lld",(id 
& 0xFF000000) >> 24,(id 
& 0xFFFF)); 
 297                         PrintAndLog("DEZ 3.5C       : %03lld.%05lld",(id 
& 0xFF0000) >> 16,(id 
& 0xFFFF)); 
 298                         PrintAndLog("DEZ 14/IK2     : %014lld",id
); 
 299                         PrintAndLog("DEZ 15/IK3     : %015lld",id2lo
); 
 300                         PrintAndLog("DEZ 20/ZK      : %02lld%02lld%02lld%02lld%02lld%02lld%02lld%02lld%02lld%02lld", 
 301                             (id2lo 
& 0xf000000000) >> 36, 
 302                             (id2lo 
& 0x0f00000000) >> 32, 
 303                             (id2lo 
& 0x00f0000000) >> 28, 
 304                             (id2lo 
& 0x000f000000) >> 24, 
 305                             (id2lo 
& 0x0000f00000) >> 20, 
 306                             (id2lo 
& 0x00000f0000) >> 16, 
 307                             (id2lo 
& 0x000000f000) >> 12, 
 308                             (id2lo 
& 0x0000000f00) >> 8, 
 309                             (id2lo 
& 0x00000000f0) >> 4, 
 310                             (id2lo 
& 0x000000000f) 
 312                         uint64_t paxton 
= (((id
>>32) << 24) | (id 
& 0xffffff))  + 0x143e00; 
 313                         PrintAndLog("}\nOther          : %05lld_%03lld_%08lld",(id
&0xFFFF),((id
>>16LL) & 0xFF),(id 
& 0xFFFFFF));   
 314                         PrintAndLog("Pattern Paxton : %0d", paxton
); 
 316                         uint32_t p1id 
= (id 
& 0xFFFFFF); 
 317                         uint8_t arr
[32] = {0x00}; 
 320                         for (; i 
< 24; ++i
, --j 
){ 
 321                                 arr
[i
] = (p1id 
>> i
) & 1; 
 355                         PrintAndLog("Pattern 1      : 0x%X - %d", p1
, p1
); 
 357                         uint16_t sebury1 
= id 
& 0xFFFF; 
 358                         uint8_t  sebury2 
= (id 
>> 16) & 0x7F; 
 359                         uint32_t sebury3 
= id 
& 0x7FFFFF; 
 360                         PrintAndLog("Pattern Sebury : %d %d %d  (hex: %X %X %X)", sebury1
, sebury2
, sebury3
, sebury1
, sebury2
, sebury3
); 
 367 int AskEm410xDemod(const char *Cmd
, uint32_t *hi
, uint64_t *lo
) 
 369         int ans 
= ASKmanDemod(Cmd
, FALSE
, FALSE
); 
 373         if (Em410xDecode(DemodBuffer
,(size_t *) &DemodBufferLen
, &idx
, hi
, lo
)){ 
 375                         PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx
, DemodBufferLen
); 
 383 //takes 3 arguments - clock, invert and maxErr as integers 
 384 //attempts to demodulate ask while decoding manchester 
 385 //prints binary found and saves in graphbuffer for further commands 
 386 int CmdAskEM410xDemod(const char *Cmd
) 
 388         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
 389         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 10 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H') { 
 390                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data askem410xdemod [clock] <0|1> [maxError]"); 
 391                 PrintAndLog("     [set clock as integer] optional, if not set, autodetect."); 
 392                 PrintAndLog("     <invert>, 1 for invert output"); 
 393                 PrintAndLog("     [set maximum allowed errors], default = 100."); 
 395                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data askem410xdemod        = demod an EM410x Tag ID from GraphBuffer"); 
 396                 PrintAndLog("          : data askem410xdemod 32     = demod an EM410x Tag ID from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32"); 
 397                 PrintAndLog("          : data askem410xdemod 32 1   = demod an EM410x Tag ID from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32 and inverting data"); 
 398                 PrintAndLog("          : data askem410xdemod 1      = demod an EM410x Tag ID from GraphBuffer while inverting data"); 
 399                 PrintAndLog("          : data askem410xdemod 64 1 0 = demod an EM410x Tag ID from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/64 and inverting data and allowing 0 demod errors"); 
 404         if (AskEm410xDemod(Cmd
, &hi
, &lo
)) { 
 405                 PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: "); 
 412 int ASKmanDemod(const char *Cmd
, bool verbose
, bool emSearch
) 
 418         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
 419         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i %i", &clk
, &invert
, &maxErr
); 
 420         if (invert 
!= 0 && invert 
!= 1) { 
 421                 PrintAndLog("Invalid argument: %s", Cmd
); 
 428         size_t BitLen 
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
); 
 429         if (g_debugMode
==1) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Bitlen from grphbuff: %d",BitLen
); 
 430         if (BitLen
==0) return 0; 
 432         errCnt 
= askmandemod(BitStream
, &BitLen
, &clk
, &invert
, maxErr
); 
 433         if (errCnt
<0||BitLen
<16){  //if fatal error (or -1) 
 434                 if (g_debugMode
==1) PrintAndLog("no data found %d, errors:%d, bitlen:%d, clock:%d",errCnt
,invert
,BitLen
,clk
); 
 437         if (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("\nUsing Clock: %d - Invert: %d - Bits Found: %d",clk
,invert
,BitLen
); 
 441                 if (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("# Errors during Demoding (shown as 77 in bit stream): %d",errCnt
); 
 443         if (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("ASK/Manchester decoded bitstream:"); 
 444         // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits 
 445         setDemodBuf(BitStream
,BitLen
,0); 
 446         if (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
) printDemodBuff(); 
 451                 if (Em410xDecode(BitStream
, &BitLen
, &idx
, &hi
, &lo
)){ 
 452                         //set GraphBuffer for clone or sim command 
 453                         setDemodBuf(BitStream
, BitLen
, idx
); 
 455                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx
, BitLen
); 
 458                         if (verbose
) PrintAndLog("EM410x pattern found: "); 
 459                         if (verbose
) printEM410x(hi
, lo
); 
 467 //takes 3 arguments - clock, invert, maxErr as integers 
 468 //attempts to demodulate ask while decoding manchester 
 469 //prints binary found and saves in graphbuffer for further commands 
 470 int Cmdaskmandemod(const char *Cmd
) 
 472         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
 473         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 10 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H') { 
 474                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data rawdemod am [clock] <0|1> [maxError]"); 
 475                 PrintAndLog("     [set clock as integer] optional, if not set, autodetect."); 
 476                 PrintAndLog("     <invert>, 1 for invert output"); 
 477                 PrintAndLog("     [set maximum allowed errors], default = 100."); 
 479                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data rawdemod am        = demod an ask/manchester tag from GraphBuffer"); 
 480                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod am 32     = demod an ask/manchester tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32"); 
 481                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod am 32 1   = demod an ask/manchester tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32 and inverting data"); 
 482                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod am 1      = demod an ask/manchester tag from GraphBuffer while inverting data"); 
 483                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod am 64 1 0 = demod an ask/manchester tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/64, inverting data and allowing 0 demod errors"); 
 486         return ASKmanDemod(Cmd
, TRUE
, TRUE
); 
 491 //stricktly take 10 and 01 and convert to 0 and 1 
 492 int Cmdmandecoderaw(const char *Cmd
) 
 498         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
 499         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 1 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H') { 
 500                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data manrawdecode"); 
 501                 PrintAndLog("     Takes 10 and 01 and converts to 0 and 1 respectively"); 
 502                 PrintAndLog("     --must have binary sequence in demodbuffer (run data askrawdemod first)"); 
 504                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data manrawdecode   = decode manchester bitstream from the demodbuffer"); 
 507         if (DemodBufferLen
==0) return 0; 
 508         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
 510         for (;i
<DemodBufferLen
;++i
){ 
 511                 if (DemodBuffer
[i
]>high
) high
=DemodBuffer
[i
]; 
 512                 else if(DemodBuffer
[i
]<low
) low
=DemodBuffer
[i
]; 
 513                 BitStream
[i
]=DemodBuffer
[i
]; 
 515         if (high
>1 || low 
<0 ){ 
 516                 PrintAndLog("Error: please raw demod the wave first then mancheseter raw decode"); 
 520         errCnt
=manrawdecode(BitStream
, &size
); 
 522                 PrintAndLog("Too many errors: %d",errCnt
); 
 525         PrintAndLog("Manchester Decoded - # errors:%d - data:",errCnt
); 
 526         printBitStream(BitStream
, size
); 
 531                 if (Em410xDecode(BitStream
, &size
, &idx
, &hi
, &id
)){ 
 532                         //need to adjust to set bitstream back to manchester encoded data 
 533                         //setDemodBuf(BitStream, size, idx); 
 543 //take 01 or 10 = 0 and 11 or 00 = 1 
 544 //takes 2 arguments "offset" default = 0 if 1 it will shift the decode by one bit 
 545 // and "invert" default = 0 if 1 it will invert output 
 546 //  since it is not like manchester and doesn't have an incorrect bit pattern we 
 547 //  cannot determine if our decode is correct or if it should be shifted by one bit 
 548 //  the argument offset allows us to manually shift if the output is incorrect 
 549 //  (better would be to demod and decode at the same time so we can distinguish large 
 550 //    width waves vs small width waves to help the decode positioning) or askbiphdemod 
 551 int CmdBiphaseDecodeRaw(const char *Cmd
) 
 554         int offset
=0, invert
=0, maxErr
=20, errCnt
=0; 
 555         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
 556         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 3 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H') { 
 557                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data biphaserawdecode [offset] [invert] [maxErr]"); 
 558                 PrintAndLog("     Converts 10 or 01 to 1 and 11 or 00 to 0"); 
 559                 PrintAndLog("     --must have binary sequence in demodbuffer (run data askrawdemod first)"); 
 560                 PrintAndLog("     --invert for Conditional Dephase Encoding (CDP) AKA Differential Manchester"); 
 562                 PrintAndLog("     [offset <0|1>], set to 0 not to adjust start position or to 1 to adjust decode start position"); 
 563                 PrintAndLog("     [invert <0|1>], set to 1 to invert output"); 
 564                 PrintAndLog("     [maxErr int],   set max errors tolerated - default=20"); 
 566                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data biphaserawdecode     = decode biphase bitstream from the demodbuffer"); 
 567                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data biphaserawdecode 1 1 = decode biphase bitstream from the demodbuffer, set offset, and invert output"); 
 570         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i %i", &offset
, &invert
, &maxErr
); 
 571         if (DemodBufferLen
==0){ 
 572                 PrintAndLog("DemodBuffer Empty - run 'data rawdemod ar' first"); 
 575         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
 576         memcpy(BitStream
, DemodBuffer
, DemodBufferLen
);  
 577         size 
= DemodBufferLen
; 
 578         errCnt
=BiphaseRawDecode(BitStream
, &size
, offset
, invert
); 
 580                 PrintAndLog("Error during decode:%d", errCnt
); 
 584                 PrintAndLog("Too many errors attempting to decode: %d",errCnt
); 
 589                 PrintAndLog("# Errors found during Demod (shown as 77 in bit stream): %d",errCnt
); 
 591         PrintAndLog("Biphase Decoded using offset: %d - # invert:%d - data:",offset
,invert
); 
 592         printBitStream(BitStream
, size
); 
 594         if (offset
) setDemodBuf(DemodBuffer
,DemodBufferLen
-offset
, offset
);  //remove first bit from raw demod 
 598 // set demod buffer back to raw after biphase demod 
 599 void setBiphasetoRawDemodBuf(uint8_t *BitStream
, size_t size
) 
 601         uint8_t rawStream
[512]={0x00}; 
 605                 PrintAndLog("ERROR - Biphase Demod Buffer overrun"); 
 608         for (size_t idx
=0; idx
<size
; idx
++){ 
 610                         rawStream
[i
++] = curPhase
; 
 611                         rawStream
[i
++] = curPhase
; 
 614                         rawStream
[i
++] = curPhase
; 
 615                         rawStream
[i
++] = curPhase 
^ 1; 
 618         setDemodBuf(rawStream
,i
,0); 
 623 //takes 4 arguments - clock, invert, maxErr as integers and amplify as char 
 624 //attempts to demodulate ask only 
 625 //prints binary found and saves in graphbuffer for further commands 
 626 int ASKrawDemod(const char *Cmd
, bool verbose
) 
 632         char amp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
 633         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
 634         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i %i %c", &clk
, &invert
, &maxErr
, &
); 
 635         if (invert 
!= 0 && invert 
!= 1) { 
 636                 if (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("Invalid argument: %s", Cmd
); 
 643         if (amp 
== 'a' || amp 
== 'A') askAmp
=1;  
 644         size_t BitLen 
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
); 
 645         if (BitLen
==0) return 0; 
 647         errCnt 
= askrawdemod(BitStream
, &BitLen
, &clk
, &invert
, maxErr
, askAmp
); 
 648         if (errCnt
==-1||BitLen
<16){  //throw away static - allow 1 and -1 (in case of threshold command first) 
 649                 if (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("no data found"); 
 650                 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("errCnt: %d, BitLen: %d, clk: %d, invert: %d", errCnt
, BitLen
, clk
, invert
); 
 653         if (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("Using Clock: %d - invert: %d - Bits Found: %d", clk
, invert
, BitLen
); 
 655         //move BitStream back to DemodBuffer 
 656         setDemodBuf(BitStream
,BitLen
,0); 
 659         if (errCnt
>0 && (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
)){ 
 660                 PrintAndLog("# Errors during Demoding (shown as 77 in bit stream): %d", errCnt
); 
 662         if (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
){ 
 663                 PrintAndLog("ASK demoded bitstream:"); 
 664                 // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits 
 665                 printBitStream(BitStream
,BitLen
); 
 671 // - ASK Demod then Biphase decode GraphBuffer samples 
 672 int ASKbiphaseDemod(const char *Cmd
, bool verbose
) 
 674         //ask raw demod GraphBuffer first 
 675         int offset
=0, clk
=0, invert
=0, maxErr
=0, ans
=0; 
 676         ans 
= sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i %i %i", &offset
, &clk
, &invert
, &maxErr
); 
 678                 ans 
= ASKrawDemod(Cmd
+2, FALSE
); 
 680                 ans 
= ASKrawDemod(Cmd
, FALSE
); 
 682                 if (g_debugMode 
|| verbose
) PrintAndLog("Error AskrawDemod: %d", ans
); 
 686         //attempt to Biphase decode DemodBuffer 
 687         size_t size 
= DemodBufferLen
; 
 688         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_DEMOD_BUF_LEN
]; 
 689         memcpy(BitStream
, DemodBuffer
, DemodBufferLen
);  
 691         int errCnt 
= BiphaseRawDecode(BitStream
, &size
, offset
, invert
); 
 693                 if (g_debugMode 
|| verbose
) PrintAndLog("Error BiphaseRawDecode: %d", errCnt
); 
 696         if (errCnt 
> maxErr
) { 
 697                 if (g_debugMode 
|| verbose
) PrintAndLog("Error BiphaseRawDecode too many errors: %d", errCnt
); 
 700         //success set DemodBuffer and return 
 701         setDemodBuf(BitStream
, size
, 0); 
 702         if (g_debugMode 
|| verbose
){ 
 703                 PrintAndLog("Biphase Decoded using offset: %d - # errors:%d - data:",offset
,errCnt
); 
 708 //by marshmellow - see ASKbiphaseDemod 
 709 int Cmdaskbiphdemod(const char *Cmd
) 
 711         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
 712         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 12 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H') { 
 713                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data rawdemod ab [offset] [clock] <invert> [maxError] <amplify>"); 
 714                 PrintAndLog("     [offset], offset to begin biphase, default=0"); 
 715                 PrintAndLog("     [set clock as integer] optional, if not set, autodetect"); 
 716                 PrintAndLog("     <invert>, 1 to invert output"); 
 717                 PrintAndLog("     [set maximum allowed errors], default = 100"); 
 718                 PrintAndLog("     <amplify>, 'a' to attempt demod with ask amplification, default = no amp"); 
 719                 PrintAndLog("     NOTE: <invert>  can be entered as second or third argument"); 
 720                 PrintAndLog("     NOTE: <amplify> can be entered as first, second or last argument"); 
 721                 PrintAndLog("     NOTE: any other arg must have previous args set to work"); 
 723                 PrintAndLog("     NOTE: --invert for Conditional Dephase Encoding (CDP) AKA Differential Manchester"); 
 725                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data rawdemod ab            = demod an ask/biph tag from GraphBuffer"); 
 726                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ab a          = demod an ask/biph tag from GraphBuffer, amplified"); 
 727                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ab 1 32       = demod an ask/biph tag from GraphBuffer using an offset of 1 and a clock of RF/32"); 
 728                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ab 0 32 1     = demod an ask/biph tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32 and inverting data"); 
 729                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ab 0 1        = demod an ask/biph tag from GraphBuffer while inverting data"); 
 730                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ab 0 64 1 0   = demod an ask/biph tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/64, inverting data and allowing 0 demod errors"); 
 731                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ab 0 64 1 0 a = demod an ask/biph tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/64, inverting data and allowing 0 demod errors, and amp"); 
 734         return ASKbiphaseDemod(Cmd
, TRUE
); 
 738 //attempts to demodulate and identify a G_Prox_II verex/chubb card 
 739 //WARNING: if it fails during some points it will destroy the DemodBuffer data 
 740 // but will leave the GraphBuffer intact. 
 741 //if successful it will push askraw data back to demod buffer ready for emulation 
 742 int CmdG_Prox_II_Demod(const char *Cmd
) 
 744         if (!ASKbiphaseDemod(Cmd
, FALSE
)){ 
 745                 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("ASKbiphaseDemod failed 1st try"); 
 748         size_t size 
= DemodBufferLen
; 
 749         //call lfdemod.c demod for gProxII 
 750         int ans 
= gProxII_Demod(DemodBuffer
, &size
); 
 752                 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("Error gProxII_Demod"); 
 756         uint32_t ByteStream
[65] = {0x00}; 
 761         size_t startIdx 
= ans 
+ 6; //start after preamble 
 762         for (size_t idx 
= 0; idx
<size
-6; idx
++){ 
 763                 if ((idx
+1) % 5 == 0){ 
 764                         //spacer bit - should be 0 
 765                         if (DemodBuffer
[startIdx
+idx
] != 0) { 
 766                                 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("Error spacer not 0: %d, pos: %d",DemodBuffer
[startIdx
+idx
],startIdx
+idx
); 
 771                 if (keyCnt
<8){ //lsb first 
 772                         xorKey 
= xorKey 
| (DemodBuffer
[startIdx
+idx
]<<keyCnt
); 
 774                         if (keyCnt
==8 && g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("xorKey Found: %02x", xorKey
); 
 778                 ByteStream
[ByteCnt
] = ByteStream
[ByteCnt
] | (DemodBuffer
[startIdx
+idx
]<<bitCnt
); 
 780                 if (bitCnt 
% 8 == 0){ 
 781                         if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("byte %d: %02x",ByteCnt
,ByteStream
[ByteCnt
]); 
 786         for (uint8_t i 
= 0; i 
< ByteCnt
; i
++){ 
 787                 ByteStream
[i
] ^= xorKey
; //xor 
 788                 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("byte %d after xor: %02x", i
, ByteStream
[i
]); 
 790         //now ByteStream contains 64 bytes of decrypted raw tag data 
 792         uint8_t fmtLen 
= ByteStream
[0]>>2; 
 795         uint32_t raw1 
= bytebits_to_byte(DemodBuffer
+ans
,32); 
 796         uint32_t raw2 
= bytebits_to_byte(DemodBuffer
+ans
+32, 32); 
 797         uint32_t raw3 
= bytebits_to_byte(DemodBuffer
+ans
+64, 32); 
 800                 FC 
= ((ByteStream
[3] & 0x7F)<<7) | (ByteStream
[4]>>1); 
 801                 Card 
= ((ByteStream
[4]&1)<<19) | (ByteStream
[5]<<11) | (ByteStream
[6]<<3) | (ByteStream
[7]>>5); 
 802                 PrintAndLog("G-Prox-II Found: FmtLen %d, FC %d, Card %d",fmtLen
,FC
,Card
); 
 803         } else if(fmtLen
==26){ 
 804                 FC 
= ((ByteStream
[3] & 0x7F)<<1) | (ByteStream
[4]>>7); 
 805                 Card 
= ((ByteStream
[4]&0x7F)<<9) | (ByteStream
[5]<<1) | (ByteStream
[6]>>7); 
 806                 PrintAndLog("G-Prox-II Found: FmtLen %d, FC %d, Card %d",fmtLen
,FC
,Card
);     
 808                 PrintAndLog("Unknown G-Prox-II Fmt Found: FmtLen %d",fmtLen
); 
 810         PrintAndLog("Raw: %08x%08x%08x", raw1
,raw2
,raw3
); 
 811         setDemodBuf(DemodBuffer
+ans
, 96, 0); 
 815 //by marshmellow - see ASKrawDemod 
 816 int Cmdaskrawdemod(const char *Cmd
) 
 818         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
 819         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 12 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H') { 
 820                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data rawdemod ar [clock] <invert> [maxError] [amplify]"); 
 821                 PrintAndLog("     [set clock as integer] optional, if not set, autodetect"); 
 822                 PrintAndLog("     <invert>, 1 to invert output"); 
 823                 PrintAndLog("     [set maximum allowed errors], default = 100"); 
 824                 PrintAndLog("     <amplify>, 'a' to attempt demod with ask amplification, default = no amp"); 
 826                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data rawdemod ar          = demod an ask tag from GraphBuffer"); 
 827                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ar a        = demod an ask tag from GraphBuffer, amplified"); 
 828                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ar 32       = demod an ask tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32"); 
 829                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ar 32 1     = demod an ask tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32 and inverting data"); 
 830                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ar 1        = demod an ask tag from GraphBuffer while inverting data"); 
 831                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ar 64 1 0   = demod an ask tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/64, inverting data and allowing 0 demod errors"); 
 832                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ar 64 1 0 a = demod an ask tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/64, inverting data and allowing 0 demod errors, and amp"); 
 835         return ASKrawDemod(Cmd
, TRUE
); 
 838 int AutoCorrelate(int window
, bool SaveGrph
, bool verbose
) 
 840         static int CorrelBuffer
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]; 
 841         size_t Correlation 
= 0; 
 844         if (verbose
) PrintAndLog("performing %d correlations", GraphTraceLen 
- window
); 
 845         for (int i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen 
- window
; ++i
) { 
 847                 for (int j 
= 0; j 
< window
; ++j
) { 
 848                         sum 
+= (GraphBuffer
[j
]*GraphBuffer
[i 
+ j
]) / 256; 
 850                 CorrelBuffer
[i
] = sum
; 
 851                 if (sum 
>= maxSum
-100 && sum 
<= maxSum
+100){ 
 853                         Correlation 
= i
-lastMax
; 
 855                         if (sum 
> maxSum
) maxSum 
= sum
; 
 856                 } else if (sum 
> maxSum
){ 
 862                 //try again with wider margin 
 863                 for (int i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen 
- window
; i
++){ 
 864                         if (CorrelBuffer
[i
] >= maxSum
-(maxSum
*0.05) && CorrelBuffer
[i
] <= maxSum
+(maxSum
*0.05)){ 
 866                                 Correlation 
= i
-lastMax
; 
 868                                 //if (CorrelBuffer[i] > maxSum) maxSum = sum; 
 872         if (verbose 
&& Correlation 
> 0) PrintAndLog("Possible Correlation: %d samples",Correlation
); 
 875                 GraphTraceLen 
= GraphTraceLen 
- window
; 
 876                 memcpy(GraphBuffer
, CorrelBuffer
, GraphTraceLen 
* sizeof (int)); 
 877                 RepaintGraphWindow();   
 882 int usage_data_autocorr(void) 
 885         PrintAndLog("Usage: data autocorr [window] [g]"); 
 886         PrintAndLog("Options:        "); 
 887         PrintAndLog("       h              This help"); 
 888         PrintAndLog("       [window]       window length for correlation - default = 4000"); 
 889         PrintAndLog("       g              save back to GraphBuffer (overwrite)"); 
 893 int CmdAutoCorr(const char *Cmd
) 
 895         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
 896         if (cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H')  
 897                 return usage_data_autocorr(); 
 898         int window 
= 4000; //set default 
 900         bool updateGrph 
= FALSE
; 
 901         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %c", &window
, &grph
); 
 903         if (window 
>= GraphTraceLen
) { 
 904                 PrintAndLog("window must be smaller than trace (%d samples)", 
 908         if (grph 
== 'g') updateGrph
=TRUE
; 
 909         return AutoCorrelate(window
, updateGrph
, TRUE
); 
 912 int CmdBitsamples(const char *Cmd
) 
 917         GetFromBigBuf(got
,sizeof(got
),0); 
 918         WaitForResponse(CMD_ACK
,NULL
); 
 920                 for (int j 
= 0; j 
< sizeof(got
); j
++) { 
 921                         for (int k 
= 0; k 
< 8; k
++) { 
 922                                 if(got
[j
] & (1 << (7 - k
))) { 
 923                                         GraphBuffer
[cnt
++] = 1; 
 925                                         GraphBuffer
[cnt
++] = 0; 
 930         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
 935  * Convert to a bitstream 
 937 int CmdBitstream(const char *Cmd
) 
 945         int hithigh
, hitlow
, first
; 
 947         /* Detect high and lows and clock */ 
 948         for (i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) 
 950                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > high
) 
 951                         high 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
 952                 else if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < low
) 
 953                         low 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
 957         clock 
= GetAskClock(Cmd
, high
, 1); 
 961         for (i 
= 0; i 
< (int)(gtl 
/ clock
); ++i
) 
 966                 /* Find out if we hit both high and low peaks */ 
 967                 for (j 
= 0; j 
< clock
; ++j
) 
 969                         if (GraphBuffer
[(i 
* clock
) + j
] == high
) 
 971                         else if (GraphBuffer
[(i 
* clock
) + j
] == low
) 
 973                         /* it doesn't count if it's the first part of our read 
 974                                  because it's really just trailing from the last sequence */ 
 975                         if (first 
&& (hithigh 
|| hitlow
)) 
 976                                 hithigh 
= hitlow 
= 0; 
 980                         if (hithigh 
&& hitlow
) 
 984                 /* If we didn't hit both high and low peaks, we had a bit transition */ 
 985                 if (!hithigh 
|| !hitlow
) 
 988                 AppendGraph(0, clock
, bit
); 
 991         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
 995 int CmdBuffClear(const char *Cmd
) 
 997         UsbCommand c 
= {CMD_BUFF_CLEAR
}; 
1003 int CmdDec(const char *Cmd
) 
1005         for (int i 
= 0; i 
< (GraphTraceLen 
/ 2); ++i
) 
1006                 GraphBuffer
[i
] = GraphBuffer
[i 
* 2]; 
1008         PrintAndLog("decimated by 2"); 
1009         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
1013  * Undecimate - I'd call it 'interpolate', but we'll save that 
1014  * name until someone does an actual interpolation command, not just 
1015  * blindly repeating samples 
1019 int CmdUndec(const char *Cmd
) 
1021         if(param_getchar(Cmd
, 0) == 'h') 
1023                 PrintAndLog("Usage: data undec [factor]"); 
1024                 PrintAndLog("This function performs un-decimation, by repeating each sample N times"); 
1025                 PrintAndLog("Options:        "); 
1026                 PrintAndLog("       h            This help"); 
1027                 PrintAndLog("       factor       The number of times to repeat each sample.[default:2]"); 
1028                 PrintAndLog("Example: 'data undec 3'"); 
1032         uint8_t factor 
= param_get8ex(Cmd
, 0,2, 10); 
1033         //We have memory, don't we? 
1034         int swap
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
] = { 0 }; 
1035         uint32_t g_index 
= 0 ,s_index 
= 0; 
1036         while(g_index 
< GraphTraceLen 
&& s_index 
< MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
) 
1039                 for(count 
= 0; count 
< factor 
&& s_index
+count 
< MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
; count 
++) 
1040                         swap
[s_index
+count
] = GraphBuffer
[g_index
]; 
1044         memcpy(GraphBuffer
,swap
, s_index 
* sizeof(int)); 
1045         GraphTraceLen 
= s_index
; 
1046         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
1051 //shift graph zero up or down based on input + or - 
1052 int CmdGraphShiftZero(const char *Cmd
) 
1056         //set options from parameters entered with the command 
1057         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i", &shift
); 
1059         for(int i 
= 0; i
<GraphTraceLen
; i
++){ 
1060                 shiftedVal
=GraphBuffer
[i
]+shift
; 
1063                 else if (shiftedVal
<-127)  
1065                 GraphBuffer
[i
]= shiftedVal
; 
1072 //use large jumps in read samples to identify edges of waves and then amplify that wave to max 
1073 //similar to dirtheshold, threshold, and askdemod commands  
1074 //takes a threshold length which is the measured length between two samples then determines an edge 
1075 int CmdAskEdgeDetect(const char *Cmd
) 
1078         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i", &thresLen
);  
1081         for(int i 
= 1; i
<GraphTraceLen
; i
++){ 
1082                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
]-GraphBuffer
[i
-1]>=thresLen
) //large jump up 
1084                 else if(GraphBuffer
[i
]-GraphBuffer
[i
-1]<=-1*thresLen
) //large jump down 
1087                 shiftedVal
=GraphBuffer
[i
]+shift
; 
1091                 else if (shiftedVal
<-127)  
1093                 GraphBuffer
[i
-1] = shiftedVal
; 
1095         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
1100 /* Print our clock rate */ 
1101 // uses data from graphbuffer 
1102 // adjusted to take char parameter for type of modulation to find the clock - by marshmellow. 
1103 int CmdDetectClockRate(const char *Cmd
) 
1105         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
1106         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 3 || strlen(Cmd
) == 0 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H') { 
1107                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data detectclock [modulation]"); 
1108                 PrintAndLog("     [modulation as char], specify the modulation type you want to detect the clock of"); 
1109                 PrintAndLog("       'a' = ask, 'f' = fsk, 'n' = nrz/direct, 'p' = psk"); 
1111                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data detectclock a    = detect the clock of an ask modulated wave in the GraphBuffer"); 
1112                 PrintAndLog("            data detectclock f    = detect the clock of an fsk modulated wave in the GraphBuffer"); 
1113                 PrintAndLog("            data detectclock p    = detect the clock of an psk modulated wave in the GraphBuffer"); 
1114                 PrintAndLog("            data detectclock n    = detect the clock of an nrz/direct modulated wave in the GraphBuffer"); 
1118                 ans 
= GetAskClock("", true, false); 
1119         } else if (cmdp 
== 'f'){ 
1120                 ans 
= GetFskClock("", true, false); 
1121         } else if (cmdp 
== 'n'){ 
1122                 ans 
= GetNrzClock("", true, false); 
1123         } else if (cmdp 
== 'p'){ 
1124                 ans 
= GetPskClock("", true, false); 
1126                 PrintAndLog ("Please specify a valid modulation to detect the clock of - see option h for help"); 
1132 //fsk raw demod and print binary 
1133 //takes 4 arguments - Clock, invert, fchigh, fclow 
1134 //defaults: clock = 50, invert=1, fchigh=10, fclow=8 (RF/10 RF/8 (fsk2a)) 
1135 int FSKrawDemod(const char *Cmd
, bool verbose
) 
1137         //raw fsk demod  no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave 
1144         //set options from parameters entered with the command 
1145         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i %i %i", &rfLen
, &invert
, &fchigh
, &fclow
); 
1147         if (strlen(Cmd
)>0 && strlen(Cmd
)<=2) { 
1149                         invert
=1;   //if invert option only is used 
1154         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
1155         size_t BitLen 
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
); 
1156         if (BitLen
==0) return 0; 
1157         //get field clock lengths 
1160         if (fchigh
==0 || fclow 
== 0){ 
1161                 fcs 
= countFC(BitStream
, BitLen
, &dummy
); 
1166                         fchigh 
= (fcs 
>> 8) & 0xFF; 
1170         //get bit clock length 
1172                 rfLen 
= detectFSKClk(BitStream
, BitLen
, fchigh
, fclow
); 
1173                 if (rfLen 
== 0) rfLen 
= 50; 
1175         if (verbose
) PrintAndLog("Args invert: %d - Clock:%d - fchigh:%d - fclow: %d",invert
,rfLen
,fchigh
, fclow
); 
1176         int size 
= fskdemod(BitStream
,BitLen
,(uint8_t)rfLen
,(uint8_t)invert
,(uint8_t)fchigh
,(uint8_t)fclow
); 
1178                 setDemodBuf(BitStream
,size
,0); 
1180                 // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits 
1181                 if(size 
> (8*32)+2) size 
= (8*32)+2; //only output a max of 8 blocks of 32 bits  most tags will have full bit stream inside that sample size 
1183                         PrintAndLog("FSK decoded bitstream:"); 
1184                         printBitStream(BitStream
,size
); 
1189                 if (verbose
) PrintAndLog("no FSK data found"); 
1195 //fsk raw demod and print binary 
1196 //takes 4 arguments - Clock, invert, fchigh, fclow 
1197 //defaults: clock = 50, invert=1, fchigh=10, fclow=8 (RF/10 RF/8 (fsk2a)) 
1198 int CmdFSKrawdemod(const char *Cmd
) 
1200         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
1201         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 10 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H') { 
1202                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data rawdemod fs [clock] <invert> [fchigh] [fclow]"); 
1203                 PrintAndLog("     [set clock as integer] optional, omit for autodetect."); 
1204                 PrintAndLog("     <invert>, 1 for invert output, can be used even if the clock is omitted"); 
1205                 PrintAndLog("     [fchigh], larger field clock length, omit for autodetect"); 
1206                 PrintAndLog("     [fclow], small field clock length, omit for autodetect"); 
1208                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data rawdemod fs           = demod an fsk tag from GraphBuffer using autodetect"); 
1209                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod fs 32        = demod an fsk tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32, autodetect fc"); 
1210                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod fs 1         = demod an fsk tag from GraphBuffer using autodetect, invert output");    
1211                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod fs 32 1      = demod an fsk tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32, invert output, autodetect fc"); 
1212                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod fs 64 0 8 5  = demod an fsk1 RF/64 tag from GraphBuffer"); 
1213                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod fs 50 0 10 8 = demod an fsk2 RF/50 tag from GraphBuffer"); 
1214                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod fs 50 1 10 8 = demod an fsk2a RF/50 tag from GraphBuffer"); 
1217         return FSKrawDemod(Cmd
, TRUE
); 
1220 //by marshmellow (based on existing demod + holiman's refactor) 
1221 //HID Prox demod - FSK RF/50 with preamble of 00011101 (then manchester encoded) 
1222 //print full HID Prox ID and some bit format details if found 
1223 int CmdFSKdemodHID(const char *Cmd
) 
1225         //raw fsk demod no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave 
1226         uint32_t hi2
=0, hi
=0, lo
=0; 
1228         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
1229         size_t BitLen 
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
); 
1230         if (BitLen
==0) return 0; 
1231         //get binary from fsk wave 
1232         int idx 
= HIDdemodFSK(BitStream
,&BitLen
,&hi2
,&hi
,&lo
); 
1236                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Just Noise Detected"); 
1237                         } else if (idx 
== -2) { 
1238                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error demoding fsk"); 
1239                         } else if (idx 
== -3) { 
1240                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Preamble not found"); 
1241                         } else if (idx 
== -4) { 
1242                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error in Manchester data, SIZE: %d", BitLen
); 
1244                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error demoding fsk %d", idx
); 
1249         if (hi2
==0 && hi
==0 && lo
==0) { 
1250                 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - no values found"); 
1253         if (hi2 
!= 0){ //extra large HID tags 
1254                 PrintAndLog("HID Prox TAG ID: %x%08x%08x (%d)", 
1255                          (unsigned int) hi2
, (unsigned int) hi
, (unsigned int) lo
, (unsigned int) (lo
>>1) & 0xFFFF); 
1257         else {  //standard HID tags <38 bits 
1260                 uint32_t cardnum 
= 0; 
1261                 if (((hi
>>5)&1)==1){//if bit 38 is set then < 37 bit format is used 
1263                         lo2
=(((hi 
& 31) << 12) | (lo
>>20)); //get bits 21-37 to check for format len bit 
1265                         while(lo2
>1){ //find last bit set to 1 (format len bit) 
1273                                 cardnum 
= (lo
>>1)&0xFFFF; 
1277                                 cardnum 
= (lo
>>1)&0xFFFF; 
1278                                 fc
= ((hi
&1)<<15)|(lo
>>17); 
1281                                 cardnum 
= (lo
>>1)&0xFFFFF; 
1282                                 fc 
= ((hi
&1)<<11)|(lo
>>21); 
1285                 else { //if bit 38 is not set then 37 bit format is used 
1290                                 cardnum 
= (lo
>>1)&0x7FFFF; 
1291                                 fc 
= ((hi
&0xF)<<12)|(lo
>>20); 
1294                 PrintAndLog("HID Prox TAG ID: %x%08x (%d) - Format Len: %dbit - FC: %d - Card: %d", 
1295                         (unsigned int) hi
, (unsigned int) lo
, (unsigned int) (lo
>>1) & 0xFFFF, 
1296                         (unsigned int) fmtLen
, (unsigned int) fc
, (unsigned int) cardnum
); 
1298         setDemodBuf(BitStream
,BitLen
,idx
); 
1300                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx
, BitLen
); 
1307 //Paradox Prox demod - FSK RF/50 with preamble of 00001111 (then manchester encoded) 
1308 //print full Paradox Prox ID and some bit format details if found 
1309 int CmdFSKdemodParadox(const char *Cmd
) 
1311         //raw fsk demod no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave 
1312         uint32_t hi2
=0, hi
=0, lo
=0; 
1314         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
1315         size_t BitLen 
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
); 
1316         if (BitLen
==0) return 0; 
1317         //get binary from fsk wave 
1318         int idx 
= ParadoxdemodFSK(BitStream
,&BitLen
,&hi2
,&hi
,&lo
); 
1322                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Just Noise Detected");      
1323                         } else if (idx 
== -2) { 
1324                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error demoding fsk"); 
1325                         } else if (idx 
== -3) { 
1326                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Preamble not found"); 
1327                         } else if (idx 
== -4) { 
1328                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error in Manchester data"); 
1330                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error demoding fsk %d", idx
); 
1335         if (hi2
==0 && hi
==0 && lo
==0){ 
1336                 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - no value found"); 
1339         uint32_t fc 
= ((hi 
& 0x3)<<6) | (lo
>>26); 
1340         uint32_t cardnum 
= (lo
>>10)&0xFFFF; 
1341         uint32_t rawLo 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+64,32); 
1342         uint32_t rawHi 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+32,32); 
1343         uint32_t rawHi2 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
,32); 
1345         PrintAndLog("Paradox TAG ID: %x%08x - FC: %d - Card: %d - Checksum: %02x - RAW: %08x%08x%08x", 
1346                 hi
>>10, (hi 
& 0x3)<<26 | (lo
>>10), fc
, cardnum
, (lo
>>2) & 0xFF, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
); 
1347         setDemodBuf(BitStream
,BitLen
,idx
); 
1349                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx
, BitLen
); 
1356 //IO-Prox demod - FSK RF/64 with preamble of 000000001 
1357 //print ioprox ID and some format details 
1358 int CmdFSKdemodIO(const char *Cmd
) 
1360         //raw fsk demod no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave 
1363         //something in graphbuffer? 
1364         if (GraphTraceLen 
< 65) { 
1365                 if (g_debugMode
)PrintAndLog("DEBUG: not enough samples in GraphBuffer"); 
1368         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
1369         size_t BitLen 
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
); 
1370         if (BitLen
==0) return 0; 
1372         //get binary from fsk wave 
1373         idx 
= IOdemodFSK(BitStream
,BitLen
); 
1377                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Just Noise Detected");      
1378                         } else if (idx 
== -2) { 
1379                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: not enough samples"); 
1380                         } else if (idx 
== -3) { 
1381                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: error during fskdemod");         
1382                         } else if (idx 
== -4) { 
1383                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Preamble not found"); 
1384                         } else if (idx 
== -5) { 
1385                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Separator bits not found"); 
1387                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error demoding fsk %d", idx
); 
1393                 if (g_debugMode
==1){ 
1394                         PrintAndLog("DEBUG: IO Prox Data not found - FSK Bits: %d",BitLen
); 
1395                         if (BitLen 
> 92) printBitStream(BitStream
,92); 
1400                 //0           10          20          30          40          50          60 
1402                 //01234567 8 90123456 7 89012345 6 78901234 5 67890123 4 56789012 3 45678901 23 
1403                 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1404                 //00000000 0 11110000 1 facility 1 version* 1 code*one 1 code*two 1 ???????? 11 
1406                 //XSF(version)facility:codeone+codetwo (raw) 
1408         if (idx
+64>BitLen
) { 
1409                 if (g_debugMode
==1) PrintAndLog("not enough bits found - bitlen: %d",BitLen
); 
1412         PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d",BitStream
[idx
],    BitStream
[idx
+1],  BitStream
[idx
+2], BitStream
[idx
+3], BitStream
[idx
+4], BitStream
[idx
+5], BitStream
[idx
+6], BitStream
[idx
+7], BitStream
[idx
+8]); 
1413         PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d",BitStream
[idx
+9],  BitStream
[idx
+10], BitStream
[idx
+11],BitStream
[idx
+12],BitStream
[idx
+13],BitStream
[idx
+14],BitStream
[idx
+15],BitStream
[idx
+16],BitStream
[idx
+17]); 
1414         PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d facility",BitStream
[idx
+18], BitStream
[idx
+19], BitStream
[idx
+20],BitStream
[idx
+21],BitStream
[idx
+22],BitStream
[idx
+23],BitStream
[idx
+24],BitStream
[idx
+25],BitStream
[idx
+26]); 
1415         PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d version",BitStream
[idx
+27], BitStream
[idx
+28], BitStream
[idx
+29],BitStream
[idx
+30],BitStream
[idx
+31],BitStream
[idx
+32],BitStream
[idx
+33],BitStream
[idx
+34],BitStream
[idx
+35]); 
1416         PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d code1",BitStream
[idx
+36], BitStream
[idx
+37], BitStream
[idx
+38],BitStream
[idx
+39],BitStream
[idx
+40],BitStream
[idx
+41],BitStream
[idx
+42],BitStream
[idx
+43],BitStream
[idx
+44]); 
1417         PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d code2",BitStream
[idx
+45], BitStream
[idx
+46], BitStream
[idx
+47],BitStream
[idx
+48],BitStream
[idx
+49],BitStream
[idx
+50],BitStream
[idx
+51],BitStream
[idx
+52],BitStream
[idx
+53]); 
1418         PrintAndLog("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d %d%d checksum",BitStream
[idx
+54],BitStream
[idx
+55],BitStream
[idx
+56],BitStream
[idx
+57],BitStream
[idx
+58],BitStream
[idx
+59],BitStream
[idx
+60],BitStream
[idx
+61],BitStream
[idx
+62],BitStream
[idx
+63]); 
1420         uint32_t code 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
,32); 
1421         uint32_t code2 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+32,32); 
1422         uint8_t version 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+27,8); //14,4 
1423         uint8_t facilitycode 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+18,8) ; 
1424         uint16_t number 
= (bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+36,8)<<8)|(bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+45,8)); //36,9 
1425         uint8_t crc 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+54,8); 
1426         uint16_t calccrc 
= 0; 
1428         for (uint8_t i
=1; i
<6; ++i
){ 
1429                 calccrc 
+= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+9*i
,8); 
1430                 //PrintAndLog("%d", calccrc); 
1433         calccrc 
= 0xff - calccrc
; 
1435         char *crcStr 
= (crc 
== calccrc
) ? "crc ok": "!crc"; 
1437         PrintAndLog("IO Prox XSF(%02d)%02x:%05d (%08x%08x) [%02x %s]",version
,facilitycode
,number
,code
,code2
, crc
, crcStr
); 
1438         setDemodBuf(BitStream
,64,idx
); 
1440                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing demod buffer:",idx
,64); 
1447 //AWID Prox demod - FSK RF/50 with preamble of 00000001  (always a 96 bit data stream) 
1448 //print full AWID Prox ID and some bit format details if found 
1449 int CmdFSKdemodAWID(const char *Cmd
) 
1453         //sscanf(Cmd, "%i", &verbose); 
1455         //raw fsk demod no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave 
1456         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
1457         size_t size 
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
); 
1458         if (size
==0) return 0; 
1460         //get binary from fsk wave 
1461         int idx 
= AWIDdemodFSK(BitStream
, &size
); 
1463                 if (g_debugMode
==1){ 
1465                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - not enough samples"); 
1467                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - only noise found"); 
1469                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - problem during FSK demod"); 
1471                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - AWID preamble not found"); 
1473                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - Size not correct: %d", size
); 
1475                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error %d",idx
); 
1481         // 0            10            20            30              40            50              60 
1483         // 01234567 890 1 234 5 678 9 012 3 456 7 890 1 234 5 678 9 012 3 456 7 890 1 234 5 678 9 012 3 - to 96 
1484         // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1485         // 00000001 000 1 110 1 101 1 011 1 101 1 010 0 000 1 000 1 010 0 001 0 110 1 100 0 000 1 000 1 
1486         // premable bbb o bbb o bbw o fff o fff o ffc o ccc o ccc o ccc o ccc o ccc o wxx o xxx o xxx o - to 96 
1487         //          |---26 bit---|    |-----117----||-------------142-------------| 
1488         // b = format bit len, o = odd parity of last 3 bits 
1489         // f = facility code, c = card number 
1490         // w = wiegand parity 
1491         // (26 bit format shown) 
1493         //get raw ID before removing parities 
1494         uint32_t rawLo 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+64,32); 
1495         uint32_t rawHi 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+32,32); 
1496         uint32_t rawHi2 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
,32); 
1497         setDemodBuf(BitStream
,96,idx
); 
1499         size 
= removeParity(BitStream
, idx
+8, 4, 1, 88); 
1501                 if (g_debugMode
==1) PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - at parity check-tag size does not match AWID format"); 
1504         // ok valid card found! 
1507         // 0           10         20        30          40        50        60 
1509         // 01234567 8 90123456 7890123456789012 3 456789012345678901234567890123456 
1510         // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1511         // 00011010 1 01110101 0000000010001110 1 000000000000000000000000000000000 
1512         // bbbbbbbb w ffffffff cccccccccccccccc w xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
1513         // |26 bit|   |-117--| |-----142------| 
1514         // b = format bit len, o = odd parity of last 3 bits 
1515         // f = facility code, c = card number 
1516         // w = wiegand parity 
1517         // (26 bit format shown) 
1520         uint32_t cardnum 
= 0; 
1523         uint8_t fmtLen 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
,8); 
1525                 fc 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+9, 8); 
1526                 cardnum 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+17, 16); 
1527                 code1 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+8,fmtLen
); 
1528                 PrintAndLog("AWID Found - BitLength: %d, FC: %d, Card: %d - Wiegand: %x, Raw: %08x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, fc
, cardnum
, code1
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
); 
1530                 cardnum 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+8+(fmtLen
-17), 16); 
1532                         code1 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+8,fmtLen
-32); 
1533                         code2 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+8+(fmtLen
-32),32); 
1534                         PrintAndLog("AWID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%d) - Wiegand: %x%08x, Raw: %08x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, cardnum
, code1
, code2
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
); 
1536                         code1 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+8,fmtLen
); 
1537                         PrintAndLog("AWID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%d) - Wiegand: %x, Raw: %08x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, cardnum
, code1
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
); 
1541                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d Printing Demod Buffer:", idx
, 96); 
1544         //todo - convert hi2, hi, lo to demodbuffer for future sim/clone commands 
1549 //Pyramid Prox demod - FSK RF/50 with preamble of 0000000000000001  (always a 128 bit data stream) 
1550 //print full Farpointe Data/Pyramid Prox ID and some bit format details if found 
1551 int CmdFSKdemodPyramid(const char *Cmd
) 
1553         //raw fsk demod no manchester decoding no start bit finding just get binary from wave 
1554         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
1555         size_t size 
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
); 
1556         if (size
==0) return 0; 
1558         //get binary from fsk wave 
1559         int idx 
= PyramiddemodFSK(BitStream
, &size
); 
1561                 if (g_debugMode
==1){ 
1563                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - not enough samples"); 
1565                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - only noise found"); 
1567                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - problem during FSK demod"); 
1569                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - Size not correct: %d", size
); 
1571                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - Pyramid preamble not found"); 
1573                                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error - idx: %d",idx
); 
1578         // 0           10          20          30            40          50          60 
1580         // 0123456 7 8901234 5 6789012 3 4567890 1 2345678 9 0123456 7 8901234 5 6789012 3 
1581         // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1582         // 0000000 0 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1 
1583         // premable  xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o 
1585         // 64    70            80          90          100         110           120 
1587         // 4567890 1 2345678 9 0123456 7 8901234 5 6789012 3 4567890 1 2345678 9 0123456 7 
1588         // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1589         // 0000000 1 0000000 1 0000000 1 0110111 0 0011000 1 0000001 0 0001100 1 1001010 0 
1590         // xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xxxxxxx o xswffff o ffffccc o ccccccc o ccccccw o ppppppp o 
1591         //                                  |---115---||---------71---------| 
1592         // s = format start bit, o = odd parity of last 7 bits 
1593         // f = facility code, c = card number 
1594         // w = wiegand parity, x = extra space for other formats 
1595         // p = unknown checksum 
1596         // (26 bit format shown) 
1598         //get bytes for checksum calc 
1599         uint8_t checksum 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream 
+ idx 
+ 120, 8); 
1600         uint8_t csBuff
[14] = {0x00}; 
1601         for (uint8_t i 
= 0; i 
< 13; i
++){ 
1602                 csBuff
[i
] = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream 
+ idx 
+ 16 + (i
*8), 8); 
1604         //check checksum calc 
1605         //checksum calc thanks to ICEMAN!! 
1606         uint32_t checkCS 
=  CRC8Maxim(csBuff
,13); 
1608         //get raw ID before removing parities 
1609         uint32_t rawLo 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+96,32); 
1610         uint32_t rawHi 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+64,32); 
1611         uint32_t rawHi2 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
+32,32); 
1612         uint32_t rawHi3 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+idx
,32); 
1613         setDemodBuf(BitStream
,128,idx
); 
1615         size 
= removeParity(BitStream
, idx
+8, 8, 1, 120); 
1618                         PrintAndLog("DEBUG: Error at parity check - tag size does not match Pyramid format, SIZE: %d, IDX: %d, hi3: %x",size
, idx
, rawHi3
); 
1622         // ok valid card found! 
1625         // 0         10        20        30        40        50        60        70 
1627         // 01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 
1628         // ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
1629         // 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 
1630         // xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
1634         // 1 2 34567890 1234567890123456 7 8901234 
1635         // --------------------------------------- 
1636         // 1 1 01110011 0000000001000110 0 1001010 
1637         // s w ffffffff cccccccccccccccc w ppppppp 
1638         //     |--115-| |------71------| 
1639         // s = format start bit, o = odd parity of last 7 bits 
1640         // f = facility code, c = card number 
1641         // w = wiegand parity, x = extra space for other formats 
1642         // p = unknown checksum 
1643         // (26 bit format shown) 
1645         //find start bit to get fmtLen 
1647         for (j
=0; j
<size
; j
++){ 
1648                 if(BitStream
[j
]) break; 
1650         uint8_t fmtLen 
= size
-j
-8; 
1652         uint32_t cardnum 
= 0; 
1654         //uint32_t code2 = 0; 
1656                 fc 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+73, 8); 
1657                 cardnum 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+81, 16); 
1658                 code1 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+72,fmtLen
); 
1659                 PrintAndLog("Pyramid ID Found - BitLength: %d, FC: %d, Card: %d - Wiegand: %x, Raw: %08x%08x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, fc
, cardnum
, code1
, rawHi3
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
); 
1660         } else if (fmtLen
==45){ 
1661                 fmtLen
=42; //end = 10 bits not 7 like 26 bit fmt 
1662                 fc 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+53, 10); 
1663                 cardnum 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+63, 32); 
1664                 PrintAndLog("Pyramid ID Found - BitLength: %d, FC: %d, Card: %d - Raw: %08x%08x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, fc
, cardnum
, rawHi3
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
); 
1666                 cardnum 
= bytebits_to_byte(BitStream
+81, 16); 
1668                         //code1 = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+(size-fmtLen),fmtLen-32); 
1669                         //code2 = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+(size-32),32); 
1670                         PrintAndLog("Pyramid ID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%d), Raw: %08x%08x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, cardnum
, rawHi3
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
); 
1672                         //code1 = bytebits_to_byte(BitStream+(size-fmtLen),fmtLen); 
1673                         PrintAndLog("Pyramid ID Found - BitLength: %d -unknown BitLength- (%d), Raw: %08x%08x%08x%08x", fmtLen
, cardnum
, rawHi3
, rawHi2
, rawHi
, rawLo
); 
1676         if (checksum 
== checkCS
) 
1677                 PrintAndLog("Checksum %02x passed", checksum
); 
1679                 PrintAndLog("Checksum %02x failed - should have been %02x", checksum
, checkCS
); 
1682                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: idx: %d, Len: %d, Printing Demod Buffer:", idx
, 128); 
1688 int CmdFSKdemod(const char *Cmd
) //old CmdFSKdemod needs updating 
1690         static const int LowTone
[]  = { 
1691                 1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 
1692                 1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 
1693                 1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 
1694                 1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 
1695                 1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 
1697         static const int HighTone
[] = { 
1698                 1,  1,  1,  1,  1,     -1, -1, -1, -1, 
1699                 1,  1,  1,  1,         -1, -1, -1, -1, 
1700                 1,  1,  1,  1,         -1, -1, -1, -1, 
1701                 1,  1,  1,  1,         -1, -1, -1, -1, 
1702                 1,  1,  1,  1,         -1, -1, -1, -1, 
1703                 1,  1,  1,  1,     -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 
1706         int lowLen 
= sizeof (LowTone
) / sizeof (int); 
1707         int highLen 
= sizeof (HighTone
) / sizeof (int); 
1708         int convLen 
= (highLen 
> lowLen
) ? highLen 
: lowLen
; 
1709         uint32_t hi 
= 0, lo 
= 0; 
1712         int minMark 
= 0, maxMark 
= 0; 
1714         for (i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen 
- convLen
; ++i
) { 
1715                 int lowSum 
= 0, highSum 
= 0; 
1717                 for (j 
= 0; j 
< lowLen
; ++j
) { 
1718                         lowSum 
+= LowTone
[j
]*GraphBuffer
[i
+j
]; 
1720                 for (j 
= 0; j 
< highLen
; ++j
) { 
1721                         highSum 
+= HighTone
[j
] * GraphBuffer
[i 
+ j
]; 
1723                 lowSum 
= abs(100 * lowSum 
/ lowLen
); 
1724                 highSum 
= abs(100 * highSum 
/ highLen
); 
1725                 GraphBuffer
[i
] = (highSum 
<< 16) | lowSum
; 
1728         for(i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen 
- convLen 
- 16; ++i
) { 
1729                 int lowTot 
= 0, highTot 
= 0; 
1730                 // 10 and 8 are f_s divided by f_l and f_h, rounded 
1731                 for (j 
= 0; j 
< 10; ++j
) { 
1732                         lowTot 
+= (GraphBuffer
[i
+j
] & 0xffff); 
1734                 for (j 
= 0; j 
< 8; j
++) { 
1735                         highTot 
+= (GraphBuffer
[i 
+ j
] >> 16); 
1737                 GraphBuffer
[i
] = lowTot 
- highTot
; 
1738                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > maxMark
) maxMark 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
1739                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < minMark
) minMark 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
1742         GraphTraceLen 
-= (convLen 
+ 16); 
1743         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
1745         // Find bit-sync (3 lo followed by 3 high) (HID ONLY) 
1746         int max 
= 0, maxPos 
= 0; 
1747         for (i 
= 0; i 
< 6000; ++i
) { 
1749                 for (j 
= 0; j 
< 3 * lowLen
; ++j
) { 
1750                         dec 
-= GraphBuffer
[i 
+ j
]; 
1752                 for (; j 
< 3 * (lowLen 
+ highLen 
); ++j
) { 
1753                         dec 
+= GraphBuffer
[i 
+ j
]; 
1761         // place start of bit sync marker in graph 
1762         GraphBuffer
[maxPos
] = maxMark
; 
1763         GraphBuffer
[maxPos 
+ 1] = minMark
; 
1767         // place end of bit sync marker in graph 
1768         GraphBuffer
[maxPos
] = maxMark
; 
1769         GraphBuffer
[maxPos
+1] = minMark
; 
1771         PrintAndLog("actual data bits start at sample %d", maxPos
); 
1772         PrintAndLog("length %d/%d", highLen
, lowLen
); 
1774         uint8_t bits
[46] = {0x00}; 
1776         // find bit pairs and manchester decode them 
1777         for (i 
= 0; i 
< arraylen(bits
) - 1; ++i
) { 
1779                 for (j 
= 0; j 
< lowLen
; ++j
) { 
1780                         dec 
-= GraphBuffer
[maxPos 
+ j
]; 
1782                 for (; j 
< lowLen 
+ highLen
; ++j
) { 
1783                         dec 
+= GraphBuffer
[maxPos 
+ j
]; 
1786                 // place inter bit marker in graph 
1787                 GraphBuffer
[maxPos
] = maxMark
; 
1788                 GraphBuffer
[maxPos 
+ 1] = minMark
; 
1790                 // hi and lo form a 64 bit pair 
1791                 hi 
= (hi 
<< 1) | (lo 
>> 31); 
1793                 // store decoded bit as binary (in hi/lo) and text (in bits[]) 
1801         PrintAndLog("bits: '%s'", bits
); 
1802         PrintAndLog("hex: %08x %08x", hi
, lo
); 
1807 //attempt to psk1 demod graph buffer 
1808 int PSKDemod(const char *Cmd
, bool verbose
) 
1813         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i %i", &clk
, &invert
, &maxErr
); 
1818         if (invert 
!= 0 && invert 
!= 1) { 
1819                 if (verbose
) PrintAndLog("Invalid argument: %s", Cmd
); 
1822         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
1823         size_t BitLen 
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
); 
1824         if (BitLen
==0) return -1; 
1825         uint8_t carrier
=countPSK_FC(BitStream
, BitLen
); 
1826         if (carrier
!=2 && carrier
!=4 && carrier
!=8){ 
1831         errCnt 
= pskRawDemod(BitStream
, &BitLen
, &clk
, &invert
); 
1832         if (errCnt 
> maxErr
){ 
1833                 if (g_debugMode
==1 && verbose
) PrintAndLog("Too many errors found, clk: %d, invert: %d, numbits: %d, errCnt: %d",clk
,invert
,BitLen
,errCnt
); 
1836         if (errCnt
<0|| BitLen
<16){  //throw away static - allow 1 and -1 (in case of threshold command first) 
1837                 if (g_debugMode
==1 && verbose
) PrintAndLog("no data found, clk: %d, invert: %d, numbits: %d, errCnt: %d",clk
,invert
,BitLen
,errCnt
); 
1841                 PrintAndLog("Tried PSK Demod using Clock: %d - invert: %d - Bits Found: %d",clk
,invert
,BitLen
); 
1843                         PrintAndLog("# Errors during Demoding (shown as 77 in bit stream): %d",errCnt
); 
1846         //prime demod buffer for output 
1847         setDemodBuf(BitStream
,BitLen
,0); 
1851 // Indala 26 bit decode 
1853 // optional arguments - same as CmdpskNRZrawDemod (clock & invert) 
1854 int CmdIndalaDecode(const char *Cmd
) 
1858                 ans 
= PSKDemod(Cmd
, 0); 
1859         } else{ //default to RF/32 
1860                 ans 
= PSKDemod("32", 0); 
1865                         PrintAndLog("Error1: %d",ans
); 
1869         ans 
= indala26decode(DemodBuffer
,(size_t *) &DemodBufferLen
, &invert
); 
1872                         PrintAndLog("Error2: %d",ans
); 
1875         char showbits
[251]={0x00}; 
1878                         PrintAndLog("Had to invert bits"); 
1880         //convert UID to HEX 
1881         uint32_t uid1
, uid2
, uid3
, uid4
, uid5
, uid6
, uid7
; 
1885         PrintAndLog("BitLen: %d",DemodBufferLen
); 
1886         if (DemodBufferLen
==64){ 
1887                 for( idx
=0; idx
<64; idx
++) { 
1888                         uid1
=(uid1
<<1)|(uid2
>>31); 
1889                         if (DemodBuffer
[idx
] == 0) { 
1898                 PrintAndLog("Indala UID=%s (%x%08x)", showbits
, uid1
, uid2
); 
1906                 for( idx
=0; idx
<DemodBufferLen
; idx
++) { 
1907                         uid1
=(uid1
<<1)|(uid2
>>31); 
1908                         uid2
=(uid2
<<1)|(uid3
>>31); 
1909                         uid3
=(uid3
<<1)|(uid4
>>31); 
1910                         uid4
=(uid4
<<1)|(uid5
>>31); 
1911                         uid5
=(uid5
<<1)|(uid6
>>31); 
1912                         uid6
=(uid6
<<1)|(uid7
>>31); 
1913                         if (DemodBuffer
[idx
] == 0) { 
1923                 PrintAndLog("Indala UID=%s (%x%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x)", showbits
, uid1
, uid2
, uid3
, uid4
, uid5
, uid6
, uid7
); 
1926                 PrintAndLog("DEBUG: printing demodbuffer:"); 
1933 // takes 3 arguments - clock, invert, maxErr as integers 
1934 // attempts to demodulate nrz only 
1935 // prints binary found and saves in demodbuffer for further commands 
1937 int NRZrawDemod(const char *Cmd
, bool verbose
) 
1942         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i %i", &clk
, &invert
, &maxErr
); 
1947         if (invert 
!= 0 && invert 
!= 1) { 
1948                 PrintAndLog("Invalid argument: %s", Cmd
); 
1951         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
]={0}; 
1952         size_t BitLen 
= getFromGraphBuf(BitStream
); 
1953         if (BitLen
==0) return 0; 
1955         errCnt 
= nrzRawDemod(BitStream
, &BitLen
, &clk
, &invert
, maxErr
); 
1956         if (errCnt 
> maxErr
){ 
1957                 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("Too many errors found, clk: %d, invert: %d, numbits: %d, errCnt: %d",clk
,invert
,BitLen
,errCnt
); 
1960         if (errCnt
<0|| BitLen
<16){  //throw away static - allow 1 and -1 (in case of threshold command first) 
1961                 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("no data found, clk: %d, invert: %d, numbits: %d, errCnt: %d",clk
,invert
,BitLen
,errCnt
); 
1964         if (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("Tried NRZ Demod using Clock: %d - invert: %d - Bits Found: %d",clk
,invert
,BitLen
); 
1965         //prime demod buffer for output 
1966         setDemodBuf(BitStream
,BitLen
,0); 
1968         if (errCnt
>0 && (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
)) PrintAndLog("# Errors during Demoding (shown as 77 in bit stream): %d",errCnt
); 
1969         if (verbose 
|| g_debugMode
) { 
1970                 PrintAndLog("NRZ demoded bitstream:"); 
1971                 // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits 
1977 int CmdNRZrawDemod(const char *Cmd
) 
1979         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
1980         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 10 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H') { 
1981                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data rawdemod nr [clock] <0|1> [maxError]"); 
1982                 PrintAndLog("     [set clock as integer] optional, if not set, autodetect."); 
1983                 PrintAndLog("     <invert>, 1 for invert output"); 
1984                 PrintAndLog("     [set maximum allowed errors], default = 100."); 
1986                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data rawdemod nr        = demod a nrz/direct tag from GraphBuffer"); 
1987                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod nr 32     = demod a nrz/direct tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32"); 
1988                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod nr 32 1   = demod a nrz/direct tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32 and inverting data"); 
1989                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod nr 1      = demod a nrz/direct tag from GraphBuffer while inverting data"); 
1990                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod nr 64 1 0 = demod a nrz/direct tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/64, inverting data and allowing 0 demod errors"); 
1993         return NRZrawDemod(Cmd
, TRUE
); 
1997 // takes 3 arguments - clock, invert, maxErr as integers 
1998 // attempts to demodulate psk only 
1999 // prints binary found and saves in demodbuffer for further commands 
2000 int CmdPSK1rawDemod(const char *Cmd
) 
2003         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
2004         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 10 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H') { 
2005                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data rawdemod p1 [clock] <0|1> [maxError]"); 
2006                 PrintAndLog("     [set clock as integer] optional, if not set, autodetect."); 
2007                 PrintAndLog("     <invert>, 1 for invert output"); 
2008                 PrintAndLog("     [set maximum allowed errors], default = 100."); 
2010                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data rawdemod p1        = demod a psk1 tag from GraphBuffer"); 
2011                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod p1 32     = demod a psk1 tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32"); 
2012                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod p1 32 1   = demod a psk1 tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32 and inverting data"); 
2013                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod p1 1      = demod a psk1 tag from GraphBuffer while inverting data"); 
2014                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod p1 64 1 0 = demod a psk1 tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/64, inverting data and allowing 0 demod errors"); 
2017         ans 
= PSKDemod(Cmd
, TRUE
); 
2020                 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("Error demoding: %d",ans
);  
2024         PrintAndLog("PSK demoded bitstream:"); 
2025         // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits 
2031 // takes same args as cmdpsk1rawdemod 
2032 int CmdPSK2rawDemod(const char *Cmd
) 
2035         char cmdp 
= param_getchar(Cmd
, 0); 
2036         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 10 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H') { 
2037                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data rawdemod p2 [clock] <0|1> [maxError]"); 
2038                 PrintAndLog("     [set clock as integer] optional, if not set, autodetect."); 
2039                 PrintAndLog("     <invert>, 1 for invert output"); 
2040                 PrintAndLog("     [set maximum allowed errors], default = 100."); 
2042                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data rawdemod p2         = demod a psk2 tag from GraphBuffer, autodetect clock"); 
2043                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod p2 32      = demod a psk2 tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32"); 
2044                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod p2 32 1    = demod a psk2 tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/32 and inverting output"); 
2045                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod p2 1       = demod a psk2 tag from GraphBuffer, autodetect clock and invert output"); 
2046                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod p2 64 1 0  = demod a psk2 tag from GraphBuffer using a clock of RF/64, inverting output and allowing 0 demod errors"); 
2049         ans
=PSKDemod(Cmd
, TRUE
); 
2051                 if (g_debugMode
) PrintAndLog("Error demoding: %d",ans
);   
2054         psk1TOpsk2(DemodBuffer
, DemodBufferLen
); 
2055         PrintAndLog("PSK2 demoded bitstream:"); 
2056         // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits 
2061 // by marshmellow - combines all raw demod functions into one menu command 
2062 int CmdRawDemod(const char *Cmd
) 
2064         char cmdp 
= Cmd
[0]; //param_getchar(Cmd, 0); 
2066         if (strlen(Cmd
) > 14 || cmdp 
== 'h' || cmdp 
== 'H' || strlen(Cmd
)<2) { 
2067                 PrintAndLog("Usage:  data rawdemod [modulation] <help>|<options>"); 
2068                 PrintAndLog("   [modulation] as 2 char, 'ab' for ask/biphase, 'am' for ask/manchester, 'ar' for ask/raw, 'fs' for fsk, ...");            
2069                 PrintAndLog("         'nr' for nrz/direct, 'p1' for psk1, 'p2' for psk2"); 
2070                 PrintAndLog("   <help> as 'h', prints the help for the specific modulation");    
2071                 PrintAndLog("   <options> see specific modulation help for optional parameters");                                
2073                 PrintAndLog("    sample: data rawdemod fs h         = print help specific to fsk demod"); 
2074                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod fs           = demod GraphBuffer using: fsk - autodetect"); 
2075                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ab           = demod GraphBuffer using: ask/biphase - autodetect"); 
2076                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod am           = demod GraphBuffer using: ask/manchester - autodetect"); 
2077                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod ar           = demod GraphBuffer using: ask/raw - autodetect"); 
2078                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod nr           = demod GraphBuffer using: nrz/direct - autodetect"); 
2079                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod p1           = demod GraphBuffer using: psk1 - autodetect"); 
2080                 PrintAndLog("          : data rawdemod p2           = demod GraphBuffer using: psk2 - autodetect"); 
2083         char cmdp2 
= Cmd
[1]; 
2085         if (cmdp 
== 'f' && cmdp2 
== 's'){ 
2086                 ans 
= CmdFSKrawdemod(Cmd
+3); 
2087         } else if(cmdp 
== 'a' && cmdp2 
== 'b'){ 
2088                 ans 
= Cmdaskbiphdemod(Cmd
+3); 
2089         } else if(cmdp 
== 'a' && cmdp2 
== 'm'){ 
2090                 ans 
= Cmdaskmandemod(Cmd
+3); 
2091         } else if(cmdp 
== 'a' && cmdp2 
== 'r'){ 
2092                 ans 
= Cmdaskrawdemod(Cmd
+3); 
2093         } else if(cmdp 
== 'n' && cmdp2 
== 'r'){ 
2094                 ans 
= CmdNRZrawDemod(Cmd
+3); 
2095         } else if(cmdp 
== 'p' && cmdp2 
== '1'){ 
2096                 ans 
= CmdPSK1rawDemod(Cmd
+3); 
2097         } else if(cmdp 
== 'p' && cmdp2 
== '2'){ 
2098                 ans 
= CmdPSK2rawDemod(Cmd
+3); 
2100                 PrintAndLog("unknown modulation entered - see help ('h') for parameter structure"); 
2105 int CmdGrid(const char *Cmd
) 
2107         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i", &PlotGridX
, &PlotGridY
); 
2108         PlotGridXdefault
= PlotGridX
; 
2109         PlotGridYdefault
= PlotGridY
; 
2110         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2114 int CmdHexsamples(const char *Cmd
) 
2119         char string_buf
[25]; 
2120         char* string_ptr 
= string_buf
; 
2121         uint8_t got
[BIGBUF_SIZE
]; 
2123         sscanf(Cmd
, "%i %i", &requested
, &offset
); 
2125         /* if no args send something */ 
2126         if (requested 
== 0) { 
2129         if (offset 
+ requested 
> sizeof(got
)) { 
2130                 PrintAndLog("Tried to read past end of buffer, <bytes> + <offset> > %d", BIGBUF_SIZE
); 
2134         GetFromBigBuf(got
,requested
,offset
); 
2135         WaitForResponse(CMD_ACK
,NULL
); 
2138         for (j 
= 0; j 
< requested
; j
++) { 
2140                 string_ptr 
+= sprintf(string_ptr
, "%02x ", got
[j
]); 
2142                         *(string_ptr 
- 1) = '\0';    // remove the trailing space 
2143                         PrintAndLog("%s", string_buf
); 
2144                         string_buf
[0] = '\0'; 
2145                         string_ptr 
= string_buf
; 
2148                 if (j 
== requested 
- 1 && string_buf
[0] != '\0') { // print any remaining bytes 
2149                         *(string_ptr 
- 1) = '\0'; 
2150                         PrintAndLog("%s", string_buf
); 
2151                         string_buf
[0] = '\0'; 
2157 int CmdHide(const char *Cmd
) 
2163 //zero mean GraphBuffer 
2164 int CmdHpf(const char *Cmd
) 
2169         for (i 
= 10; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) 
2170                 accum 
+= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
2171         accum 
/= (GraphTraceLen 
- 10); 
2172         for (i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) 
2173                 GraphBuffer
[i
] -= accum
; 
2175         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2184 bool _headBit( BitstreamOut 
*stream
) 
2186         int bytepos 
= stream
->position 
>> 3; // divide by 8 
2187         int bitpos 
= (stream
->position
++) & 7; // mask out 00000111 
2188         return (*(stream
->buffer 
+ bytepos
) >> (7-bitpos
)) & 1; 
2191 uint8_t getByte(uint8_t bits_per_sample
, BitstreamOut
* b
) 
2195         for(i 
=0 ; i 
< bits_per_sample
; i
++) 
2197                 val 
|= (_headBit(b
) << (7-i
)); 
2202 int getSamples(const char *Cmd
, bool silent
) 
2204         //If we get all but the last byte in bigbuf, 
2205         // we don't have to worry about remaining trash 
2206         // in the last byte in case the bits-per-sample 
2207         // does not line up on byte boundaries 
2209         uint8_t got
[BIGBUF_SIZE
-1] = { 0 }; 
2211         int n 
= strtol(Cmd
, NULL
, 0); 
2216         if (n 
> sizeof(got
)) 
2219         PrintAndLog("Reading %d bytes from device memory\n", n
); 
2220         GetFromBigBuf(got
,n
,0); 
2221         PrintAndLog("Data fetched"); 
2222         UsbCommand response
; 
2223         WaitForResponse(CMD_ACK
, &response
); 
2224         uint8_t bits_per_sample 
= 8; 
2226         //Old devices without this feature would send 0 at arg[0] 
2227         if(response
.arg
[0] > 0) 
2229                 sample_config 
*sc 
= (sample_config 
*) response
.d
.asBytes
; 
2230                 PrintAndLog("Samples @ %d bits/smpl, decimation 1:%d ", sc
->bits_per_sample
 
2232                 bits_per_sample 
= sc
->bits_per_sample
; 
2234         if(bits_per_sample 
< 8) 
2236                 PrintAndLog("Unpacking..."); 
2237                 BitstreamOut bout 
= { got
, bits_per_sample 
* n
,  0}; 
2239                 for (j 
= 0; j 
* bits_per_sample 
< n 
* 8 && j 
< sizeof(GraphBuffer
); j
++) { 
2240                         uint8_t sample 
= getByte(bits_per_sample
, &bout
); 
2241                         GraphBuffer
[j
] = ((int) sample 
)- 128; 
2244                 PrintAndLog("Unpacked %d samples" , j 
); 
2247                 for (int j 
= 0; j 
< n
; j
++) { 
2248                         GraphBuffer
[j
] = ((int)got
[j
]) - 128; 
2253         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2257 int CmdSamples(const char *Cmd
) 
2259         return getSamples(Cmd
, false); 
2262 int CmdTuneSamples(const char *Cmd
) 
2265         printf("\nMeasuring antenna characteristics, please wait..."); 
2267         UsbCommand c 
= {CMD_MEASURE_ANTENNA_TUNING
}; 
2271         while(!WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_MEASURED_ANTENNA_TUNING
,&resp
,1000)) { 
2275                         PrintAndLog("\nNo response from Proxmark. Aborting..."); 
2281         int vLf125
, vLf134
, vHf
; 
2282         vLf125 
= resp
.arg
[0] & 0xffff; 
2283         vLf134 
= resp
.arg
[0] >> 16; 
2284         vHf 
= resp
.arg
[1] & 0xffff;; 
2285         peakf 
= resp
.arg
[2] & 0xffff; 
2286         peakv 
= resp
.arg
[2] >> 16; 
2288         PrintAndLog("# LF antenna: %5.2f V @   125.00 kHz", vLf125
/1000.0); 
2289         PrintAndLog("# LF antenna: %5.2f V @   134.00 kHz", vLf134
/1000.0); 
2290         PrintAndLog("# LF optimal: %5.2f V @%9.2f kHz", peakv
/1000.0, 12000.0/(peakf
+1)); 
2291         PrintAndLog("# HF antenna: %5.2f V @    13.56 MHz", vHf
/1000.0); 
2293 #define LF_UNUSABLE_V           2948            // was 2000. Changed due to bugfix in voltage measurements. LF results are now 47% higher. 
2294 #define LF_MARGINAL_V           14739           // was 10000. Changed due to bugfix bug in voltage measurements. LF results are now 47% higher. 
2295 #define HF_UNUSABLE_V           3167            // was 2000. Changed due to bugfix in voltage measurements. HF results are now 58% higher. 
2296 #define HF_MARGINAL_V           7917            // was 5000. Changed due to bugfix in voltage measurements. HF results are now 58% higher. 
2298         if (peakv 
< LF_UNUSABLE_V
) 
2299                 PrintAndLog("# Your LF antenna is unusable."); 
2300         else if (peakv 
< LF_MARGINAL_V
) 
2301                 PrintAndLog("# Your LF antenna is marginal."); 
2302         if (vHf 
< HF_UNUSABLE_V
) 
2303                 PrintAndLog("# Your HF antenna is unusable."); 
2304         else if (vHf 
< HF_MARGINAL_V
) 
2305                 PrintAndLog("# Your HF antenna is marginal."); 
2307         if (peakv 
>= LF_UNUSABLE_V
)     { 
2308                 for (int i 
= 0; i 
< 256; i
++) { 
2309                         GraphBuffer
[i
] = resp
.d
.asBytes
[i
] - 128; 
2311                 PrintAndLog("Displaying LF tuning graph. Divisor 89 is 134khz, 95 is 125khz.\n"); 
2313                 GraphTraceLen 
= 256; 
2315                 RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2322 int CmdLoad(const char *Cmd
) 
2324         char filename
[FILE_PATH_SIZE
] = {0x00}; 
2328         if (len 
> FILE_PATH_SIZE
) len 
= FILE_PATH_SIZE
; 
2329         memcpy(filename
, Cmd
, len
); 
2331         FILE *f 
= fopen(filename
, "r"); 
2333                  PrintAndLog("couldn't open '%s'", filename
); 
2339         while (fgets(line
, sizeof (line
), f
)) { 
2340                 GraphBuffer
[GraphTraceLen
] = atoi(line
); 
2344         PrintAndLog("loaded %d samples", GraphTraceLen
); 
2345         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2349 int CmdLtrim(const char *Cmd
) 
2353         for (int i 
= ds
; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) 
2354                 GraphBuffer
[i
-ds
] = GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
2355         GraphTraceLen 
-= ds
; 
2357         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2361 // trim graph to input argument length 
2362 int CmdRtrim(const char *Cmd
) 
2368         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2373  * Manchester demodulate a bitstream. The bitstream needs to be already in 
2374  * the GraphBuffer as 0 and 1 values 
2376  * Give the clock rate as argument in order to help the sync - the algorithm 
2377  * resyncs at each pulse anyway. 
2379  * Not optimized by any means, this is the 1st time I'm writing this type of 
2380  * routine, feel free to improve... 
2382  * 1st argument: clock rate (as number of samples per clock rate) 
2383  *               Typical values can be 64, 32, 128... 
2385 int CmdManchesterDemod(const char *Cmd
) 
2387         int i
, j
, invert
= 0; 
2393         int hithigh
, hitlow
, first
; 
2399         /* check if we're inverting output */ 
2402                 PrintAndLog("Inverting output"); 
2407                 while(*Cmd 
== ' '); // in case a 2nd argument was given 
2410         /* Holds the decoded bitstream: each clock period contains 2 bits       */ 
2411         /* later simplified to 1 bit after manchester decoding.                 */ 
2412         /* Add 10 bits to allow for noisy / uncertain traces without aborting   */ 
2413         /* int BitStream[GraphTraceLen*2/clock+10]; */ 
2415         /* But it does not work if compiling on WIndows: therefore we just allocate a */ 
2417         uint8_t BitStream
[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN
] = {0}; 
2419         /* Detect high and lows */ 
2420         for (i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; i
++) 
2422                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > high
) 
2423                         high 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
2424                 else if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < low
) 
2425                         low 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
2429         clock 
= GetAskClock(Cmd
, high
, 1); 
2431         int tolerance 
= clock
/4; 
2433         /* Detect first transition */ 
2434         /* Lo-Hi (arbitrary)       */ 
2435         /* skip to the first high */ 
2436         for (i
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; i
++) 
2437                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] == high
) 
2439         /* now look for the first low */ 
2440         for (; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; i
++) 
2442                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] == low
) 
2449         /* If we're not working with 1/0s, demod based off clock */ 
2452                 bit 
= 0; /* We assume the 1st bit is zero, it may not be 
2453                                                         * the case: this routine (I think) has an init problem. 
2456                 for (; i 
< (int)(GraphTraceLen 
/ clock
); i
++) 
2462                         /* Find out if we hit both high and low peaks */ 
2463                         for (j 
= 0; j 
< clock
; j
++) 
2465                                 if (GraphBuffer
[(i 
* clock
) + j
] == high
) 
2467                                 else if (GraphBuffer
[(i 
* clock
) + j
] == low
) 
2470                                 /* it doesn't count if it's the first part of our read 
2471                                          because it's really just trailing from the last sequence */ 
2472                                 if (first 
&& (hithigh 
|| hitlow
)) 
2473                                         hithigh 
= hitlow 
= 0; 
2477                                 if (hithigh 
&& hitlow
) 
2481                         /* If we didn't hit both high and low peaks, we had a bit transition */ 
2482                         if (!hithigh 
|| !hitlow
) 
2485                         BitStream
[bit2idx
++] = bit 
^ invert
; 
2489         /* standard 1/0 bitstream */ 
2493                 /* Then detect duration between 2 successive transitions */ 
2494                 for (bitidx 
= 1; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; i
++) 
2496                         if (GraphBuffer
[i
-1] != GraphBuffer
[i
]) 
2501                                 // Error check: if bitidx becomes too large, we do not 
2502                                 // have a Manchester encoded bitstream or the clock is really 
2504                                 if (bitidx 
> (GraphTraceLen
*2/clock
+8) ) { 
2505                                         PrintAndLog("Error: the clock you gave is probably wrong, aborting."); 
2508                                 // Then switch depending on lc length: 
2509                                 // Tolerance is 1/4 of clock rate (arbitrary) 
2510                                 if (abs(lc
-clock
/2) < tolerance
) { 
2511                                         // Short pulse : either "1" or "0" 
2512                                         BitStream
[bitidx
++]=GraphBuffer
[i
-1]; 
2513                                 } else if (abs(lc
-clock
) < tolerance
) { 
2514                                         // Long pulse: either "11" or "00" 
2515                                         BitStream
[bitidx
++]=GraphBuffer
[i
-1]; 
2516                                         BitStream
[bitidx
++]=GraphBuffer
[i
-1]; 
2520                                         PrintAndLog("Warning: Manchester decode error for pulse width detection."); 
2521                                         PrintAndLog("(too many of those messages mean either the stream is not Manchester encoded, or clock is wrong)"); 
2525                                                 PrintAndLog("Error: too many detection errors, aborting."); 
2532                 // At this stage, we now have a bitstream of "01" ("1") or "10" ("0"), parse it into final decoded bitstream 
2533                 // Actually, we overwrite BitStream with the new decoded bitstream, we just need to be careful 
2534                 // to stop output at the final bitidx2 value, not bitidx 
2535                 for (i 
= 0; i 
< bitidx
; i 
+= 2) { 
2536                         if ((BitStream
[i
] == 0) && (BitStream
[i
+1] == 1)) { 
2537                                 BitStream
[bit2idx
++] = 1 ^ invert
; 
2538                         } else if ((BitStream
[i
] == 1) && (BitStream
[i
+1] == 0)) { 
2539                                 BitStream
[bit2idx
++] = 0 ^ invert
; 
2541                                 // We cannot end up in this state, this means we are unsynchronized, 
2545                                 PrintAndLog("Unsynchronized, resync..."); 
2546                                 PrintAndLog("(too many of those messages mean the stream is not Manchester encoded)"); 
2550                                         PrintAndLog("Error: too many decode errors, aborting."); 
2557         PrintAndLog("Manchester decoded bitstream"); 
2558         // Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits 
2559         for (i 
= 0; i 
< (bit2idx
-16); i
+=16) { 
2560                 PrintAndLog("%i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i %i", 
2581 /* Modulate our data into manchester */ 
2582 int CmdManchesterMod(const char *Cmd
) 
2586         int bit
, lastbit
, wave
; 
2589         clock 
= GetAskClock(Cmd
, 0, 1); 
2593         for (i 
= 0; i 
< (int)(GraphTraceLen 
/ clock
); i
++) 
2595                 bit 
= GraphBuffer
[i 
* clock
] ^ 1; 
2597                 for (j 
= 0; j 
< (int)(clock
/2); j
++) 
2598                         GraphBuffer
[(i 
* clock
) + j
] = bit 
^ lastbit 
^ wave
; 
2599                 for (j 
= (int)(clock
/2); j 
< clock
; j
++) 
2600                         GraphBuffer
[(i 
* clock
) + j
] = bit 
^ lastbit 
^ wave 
^ 1; 
2602                 /* Keep track of how we start our wave and if we changed or not this time */ 
2603                 wave 
^= bit 
^ lastbit
; 
2607         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2611 int CmdNorm(const char *Cmd
) 
2614         int max 
= INT_MIN
, min 
= INT_MAX
; 
2616         for (i 
= 10; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) { 
2617                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] > max
) 
2618                         max 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
2619                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] < min
) 
2620                         min 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; 
2624                 for (i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) { 
2625                         GraphBuffer
[i
] = (GraphBuffer
[i
] - ((max 
+ min
) / 2)) * 256 / 
2627                                 //marshmelow: adjusted *1000 to *256 to make +/- 128 so demod commands still work 
2630         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2634 int CmdPlot(const char *Cmd
) 
2640 int CmdSave(const char *Cmd
) 
2642         char filename
[FILE_PATH_SIZE
] = {0x00}; 
2646         if (len 
> FILE_PATH_SIZE
) len 
= FILE_PATH_SIZE
; 
2647         memcpy(filename
, Cmd
, len
); 
2650         FILE *f 
= fopen(filename
, "w"); 
2652                 PrintAndLog("couldn't open '%s'", filename
); 
2656         for (i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; i
++) { 
2657                 fprintf(f
, "%d\n", GraphBuffer
[i
]); 
2660         PrintAndLog("saved to '%s'", Cmd
); 
2664 int CmdScale(const char *Cmd
) 
2666         CursorScaleFactor 
= atoi(Cmd
); 
2667         if (CursorScaleFactor 
== 0) { 
2668                 PrintAndLog("bad, can't have zero scale"); 
2669                 CursorScaleFactor 
= 1; 
2671         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2675 int CmdThreshold(const char *Cmd
) 
2677         int threshold 
= atoi(Cmd
); 
2679         for (int i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) { 
2680                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] >= threshold
) 
2683                         GraphBuffer
[i
] = -1; 
2685         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2689 int CmdDirectionalThreshold(const char *Cmd
) 
2691         int8_t upThres 
= param_get8(Cmd
, 0); 
2692         int8_t downThres 
= param_get8(Cmd
, 1); 
2694         printf("Applying Up Threshold: %d, Down Threshold: %d\n", upThres
, downThres
); 
2696         int lastValue 
= GraphBuffer
[0]; 
2697         GraphBuffer
[0] = 0; // Will be changed at the end, but init 0 as we adjust to last samples value if no threshold kicks in. 
2699         for (int i 
= 1; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) { 
2700                 // Apply first threshold to samples heading up 
2701                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] >= upThres 
&& GraphBuffer
[i
] > lastValue
) 
2703                         lastValue 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; // Buffer last value as we overwrite it. 
2706                 // Apply second threshold to samples heading down 
2707                 else if (GraphBuffer
[i
] <= downThres 
&& GraphBuffer
[i
] < lastValue
) 
2709                         lastValue 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; // Buffer last value as we overwrite it. 
2710                         GraphBuffer
[i
] = -1; 
2714                         lastValue 
= GraphBuffer
[i
]; // Buffer last value as we overwrite it. 
2715                         GraphBuffer
[i
] = GraphBuffer
[i
-1]; 
2719         GraphBuffer
[0] = GraphBuffer
[1]; // Aline with first edited sample. 
2720         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2724 int CmdZerocrossings(const char *Cmd
) 
2726         // Zero-crossings aren't meaningful unless the signal is zero-mean. 
2733         for (int i 
= 0; i 
< GraphTraceLen
; ++i
) { 
2734                 if (GraphBuffer
[i
] * sign 
>= 0) { 
2735                         // No change in sign, reproduce the previous sample count. 
2737                         GraphBuffer
[i
] = lastZc
; 
2739                         // Change in sign, reset the sample count. 
2741                         GraphBuffer
[i
] = lastZc
; 
2749         RepaintGraphWindow(); 
2753 static command_t CommandTable
[] = 
2755         {"help",            CmdHelp
,            1, "This help"}, 
2756         {"amp",             CmdAmp
,             1, "Amplify peaks"}, 
2757         //{"askdemod",      Cmdaskdemod,        1, "<0 or 1> -- Attempt to demodulate simple ASK tags"}, 
2758         {"askedgedetect",   CmdAskEdgeDetect
,   1, "[threshold] Adjust Graph for manual ask demod using length of sample differences to detect the edge of a wave (default = 25)"}, 
2759         {"askem410xdemod",  CmdAskEM410xDemod
,  1, "[clock] [invert<0|1>] [maxErr] -- Demodulate an EM410x tag from GraphBuffer (args optional)"}, 
2760         {"askgproxiidemod", CmdG_Prox_II_Demod
, 1, "Demodulate a G Prox II tag from GraphBuffer"}, 
2761         {"autocorr",        CmdAutoCorr
,        1, "[window length] [g] -- Autocorrelation over window - g to save back to GraphBuffer (overwrite)"}, 
2762         {"biphaserawdecode",CmdBiphaseDecodeRaw
,1,"[offset] [invert<0|1>] Biphase decode bin stream in DemodBuffer (offset = 0|1 bits to shift the decode start)"}, 
2763         {"bitsamples",      CmdBitsamples
,      0, "Get raw samples as bitstring"}, 
2764         //{"bitstream",     CmdBitstream,       1, "[clock rate] -- Convert waveform into a bitstream"}, 
2765         {"buffclear",       CmdBuffClear
,       1, "Clear sample buffer and graph window"}, 
2766         {"dec",             CmdDec
,             1, "Decimate samples"}, 
2767         {"detectclock",     CmdDetectClockRate
, 1, "[modulation] Detect clock rate of wave in GraphBuffer (options: 'a','f','n','p' for ask, fsk, nrz, psk respectively)"}, 
2768         //{"fskdemod",      CmdFSKdemod,        1, "Demodulate graph window as a HID FSK"}, 
2769         {"fskawiddemod",    CmdFSKdemodAWID
,    1, "Demodulate an AWID FSK tag from GraphBuffer"}, 
2770         //{"fskfcdetect",   CmdFSKfcDetect,     1, "Try to detect the Field Clock of an FSK wave"}, 
2771         {"fskhiddemod",     CmdFSKdemodHID
,     1, "Demodulate a HID FSK tag from GraphBuffer"}, 
2772         {"fskiodemod",      CmdFSKdemodIO
,      1, "Demodulate an IO Prox FSK tag from GraphBuffer"}, 
2773         {"fskpyramiddemod", CmdFSKdemodPyramid
, 1, "Demodulate a Pyramid FSK tag from GraphBuffer"}, 
2774         {"fskparadoxdemod", CmdFSKdemodParadox
, 1, "Demodulate a Paradox FSK tag from GraphBuffer"}, 
2775         {"getbitstream",    CmdGetBitStream
,    1, "Convert GraphBuffer's >=1 values to 1 and <1 to 0"}, 
2776         {"grid",            CmdGrid
,            1, "<x> <y> -- overlay grid on graph window, use zero value to turn off either"}, 
2777         {"hexsamples",      CmdHexsamples
,      0, "<bytes> [<offset>] -- Dump big buffer as hex bytes"}, 
2778         {"hide",            CmdHide
,            1, "Hide graph window"}, 
2779         {"hpf",             CmdHpf
,             1, "Remove DC offset from trace"}, 
2780         {"load",            CmdLoad
,            1, "<filename> -- Load trace (to graph window"}, 
2781         {"ltrim",           CmdLtrim
,           1, "<samples> -- Trim samples from left of trace"}, 
2782         {"rtrim",           CmdRtrim
,           1, "<location to end trace> -- Trim samples from right of trace"}, 
2783         //{"mandemod",      CmdManchesterDemod, 1, "[i] [clock rate] -- Manchester demodulate binary stream (option 'i' to invert output)"}, 
2784         {"manrawdecode",    Cmdmandecoderaw
,    1, "Manchester decode binary stream in DemodBuffer"}, 
2785         {"manmod",          CmdManchesterMod
,   1, "[clock rate] -- Manchester modulate a binary stream"}, 
2786         {"norm",            CmdNorm
,            1, "Normalize max/min to +/-128"}, 
2787         {"plot",            CmdPlot
,            1, "Show graph window (hit 'h' in window for keystroke help)"}, 
2788         {"printdemodbuffer",CmdPrintDemodBuff
,  1, "[x] -- print the data in the DemodBuffer - 'x' for hex output"}, 
2789         {"pskindalademod",  CmdIndalaDecode
,    1, "[clock] [invert<0|1>] -- Demodulate an indala tag (PSK1) from GraphBuffer (args optional)"}, 
2790         {"rawdemod",        CmdRawDemod
,        1, "[modulation] ... <options> -see help (h option) -- Demodulate the data in the GraphBuffer and output binary"},   
2791         {"samples",         CmdSamples
,         0, "[512 - 40000] -- Get raw samples for graph window (GraphBuffer)"}, 
2792         {"save",            CmdSave
,            1, "<filename> -- Save trace (from graph window)"}, 
2793         {"scale",           CmdScale
,           1, "<int> -- Set cursor display scale"}, 
2794         {"setdebugmode",    CmdSetDebugMode
,    1, "<0|1> -- Turn on or off Debugging Mode for demods"}, 
2795         {"shiftgraphzero",  CmdGraphShiftZero
,  1, "<shift> -- Shift 0 for Graphed wave + or - shift value"}, 
2796         //{"threshold",     CmdThreshold,       1, "<threshold> -- Maximize/minimize every value in the graph window depending on threshold"}, 
2797         {"dirthreshold",    CmdDirectionalThreshold
,   1, "<thres up> <thres down> -- Max rising higher up-thres/ Min falling lower down-thres, keep rest as prev."}, 
2798         {"tune",            CmdTuneSamples
,     0, "Get hw tune samples for graph window"}, 
2799         {"undec",           CmdUndec
,           1, "Un-decimate samples by 2"}, 
2800         {"zerocrossings",   CmdZerocrossings
,   1, "Count time between zero-crossings"}, 
2801         {NULL
, NULL
, 0, NULL
} 
2804 int CmdData(const char *Cmd
) 
2806         CmdsParse(CommandTable
, Cmd
); 
2810 int CmdHelp(const char *Cmd
) 
2812         CmdsHelp(CommandTable
);