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1 | This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines. |
2 | ||
3 | # Tripwires | |
4 | The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub. The two | |
2984be23 | 5 | additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model don't work in u-boot, grub |
7f89d5b0 TG |
6 | and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the |
7 | installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" > | |
8 | Selecting locked volume > click "Mount". | |
9 | ||
8a8f00d9 | 10 | # This installation is not suited to be mixed with other ASAHI or BSD installations until further investiation. |
c5e46692 | 11 | |
7f89d5b0 TG |
12 | # Artefacts |
13 | If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script. | |
14 | ||
15 | # Asahi installer | |
16 | ||
17 | [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4) | |
18 | ||
19 | * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds. | |
20 | ||
21 | * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal | |
22 | ||
0c054fe6 | 23 | * Run the asahi installer and select Debian: |
7f89d5b0 | 24 | |
9c6d410f | 25 | curl -sL https://tg.st/d | sh |
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26 | |
27 | * Follow the installer instructions. | |
28 | ||
29 | * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password | |
30 | ||
31 | passwd | |
32 | pwconv | |
33 | ||
34 | * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot. | |
35 | ||
36 | vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf | |
37 | ifup wlp1s0f0 | |
38 | vi /etc/network/interfaces | |
39 | ||
40 | * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed | |
41 | ||
42 | reboot | |
43 | ||
44 | * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox | |
45 | ||
56d14923 | 46 | apt-get update |
7f89d5b0 TG |
47 | apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm |
48 | ||
49 | * Create yourself an unprivileged user | |
50 | ||
51 | useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username> | |
52 | passwd <username> | |
53 | ||
54 | * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user | |
55 | ||
56 | apt update | |
57 | apt install -y openssh-server | |
58 | ||
ec28cb51 TG |
59 | * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to do other interesting things. |
60 | ||
7f89d5b0 | 61 | # Livesystem |
933c215f | 62 | |
7f89d5b0 | 63 | [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4) |
933c215f | 64 | |
7f89d5b0 TG |
65 | * Prerequisites |
66 | ||
9c6d410f | 67 | - USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible |
d7a5b871 | 68 | to run the Debian livesystem from another PC using m1n1 chainloading. |
9c6d410f TG |
69 | But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide. |
70 | - If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing. | |
7f89d5b0 TG |
71 | |
72 | * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux: | |
73 | ||
74 | # Identify the usb stick device | |
75 | lsblk | |
ffa40a8e | 76 | |
7f89d5b0 TG |
77 | DEVICE=/dev/sdX |
78 | parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos | |
79 | parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100% | |
80 | mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1 | |
ffa40a8e TG |
81 | mount ${DEVICE}1 /mnt |
82 | curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -C /mnt -xf - | |
7f89d5b0 TG |
83 | umount /mnt |
84 | ||
85 | In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options: | |
86 | ||
87 | Name: LIVE | |
88 | Format: MS-DOS (FAT) | |
89 | Scheme: Master Boot Record | |
90 | ||
91 | Than open a terminal, and run the following commands: | |
92 | ||
93 | sudo su - | |
94 | cd /Volumes/LIVE | |
95 | curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf - | |
96 | ||
97 | * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI. | |
98 | ||
12a464df | 99 | * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdown by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb: |
7f89d5b0 TG |
100 | |
101 | run bootcmd_usb0 | |
102 | ||
103 | * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,... | |
104 | ||
105 | linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz | |
106 | initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz | |
107 | boot | |
108 | ||
109 | * Log in as **root** without password. | |
110 | ||
111 | * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc. | |
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112 | |
113 | # FAQ | |
114 | ||
115 | * If I install Debian, will it still be relatively easy to update the Asahi work as it develops? | |
116 | ||
117 | Yes, long answer below. | |
118 | ||
119 | To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run | |
120 | as root: | |
121 | ||
9c6d410f | 122 | curl -sL https://tg.st/u/ksh | bash |
28465d9b TG |
123 | |
124 | Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to | |
125 | support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the | |
126 | instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is: | |
127 | ||
128 | - Backup /boot/efi/EFI | |
129 | - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition | |
5869d4a4 | 130 | - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option |
28465d9b TG |
131 | - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back |
132 | ||
8499f105 | 133 | So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub |
28465d9b | 134 | updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom. |