| | 1 | This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines. |
| | 2 | |
| | 3 | # Tripwires |
| | 4 | The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub. The two |
| | 5 | additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model don't work in u-boot, grub |
| | 6 | and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the |
| | 7 | installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" > |
| | 8 | Selecting locked volume > click "Mount". |
| | 9 | |
| | 10 | # Artefacts |
| | 11 | If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script. |
| | 12 | |
| | 13 | # Asahi installer |
| | 14 | |
| | 15 | [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4) |
| | 16 | |
| | 17 | * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds. |
| | 18 | |
| | 19 | * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal |
| | 20 | |
| | 21 | * Run the asahi installer and select Debian: |
| | 22 | |
| | 23 | curl -sL https://tg.st/d | sh |
| | 24 | |
| | 25 | * Follow the installer instructions. |
| | 26 | |
| | 27 | * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password |
| | 28 | |
| | 29 | passwd |
| | 30 | pwconv |
| | 31 | |
| | 32 | * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot. |
| | 33 | |
| | 34 | vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf |
| | 35 | ifup wlp1s0f0 |
| | 36 | vi /etc/network/interfaces |
| | 37 | |
| | 38 | * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed |
| | 39 | |
| | 40 | reboot |
| | 41 | |
| | 42 | * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox |
| | 43 | |
| | 44 | apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm |
| | 45 | |
| | 46 | * Create yourself an unprivileged user |
| | 47 | |
| | 48 | useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username> |
| | 49 | passwd <username> |
| | 50 | |
| | 51 | * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user |
| | 52 | |
| | 53 | apt update |
| | 54 | apt install -y openssh-server |
| | 55 | |
| | 56 | * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to do other interesting things. |
| | 57 | |
| | 58 | # Livesystem |
| | 59 | |
| | 60 | [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4) |
| | 61 | |
| | 62 | * Prerequisites |
| | 63 | |
| | 64 | - USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible |
| | 65 | to run the Debian livesystem from another PC using m1n1 chainloading. |
| | 66 | But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide. |
| | 67 | - If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing. |
| | 68 | |
| | 69 | * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux: |
| | 70 | |
| | 71 | # Identify the usb stick device |
| | 72 | lsblk |
| | 73 | |
| | 74 | DEVICE=/dev/sdX |
| | 75 | parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos |
| | 76 | parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100% |
| | 77 | mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1 |
| | 78 | mount ${DEVICE}1 /mnt |
| | 79 | curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -C /mnt -xf - |
| | 80 | umount /mnt |
| | 81 | |
| | 82 | In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options: |
| | 83 | |
| | 84 | Name: LIVE |
| | 85 | Format: MS-DOS (FAT) |
| | 86 | Scheme: Master Boot Record |
| | 87 | |
| | 88 | Than open a terminal, and run the following commands: |
| | 89 | |
| | 90 | sudo su - |
| | 91 | cd /Volumes/LIVE |
| | 92 | curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf - |
| | 93 | |
| | 94 | * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI. |
| | 95 | |
| | 96 | * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdown by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb: |
| | 97 | |
| | 98 | run bootcmd_usb0 |
| | 99 | |
| | 100 | * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,... |
| | 101 | |
| | 102 | linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz |
| | 103 | initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz |
| | 104 | boot |
| | 105 | |
| | 106 | * Log in as **root** without password. |
| | 107 | |
| | 108 | * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc. |
| | 109 | |
| | 110 | # FAQ |
| | 111 | |
| | 112 | * If I install Debian, will it still be relatively easy to update the Asahi work as it develops? |
| | 113 | |
| | 114 | Yes, long answer below. |
| | 115 | |
| | 116 | To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run |
| | 117 | as root: |
| | 118 | |
| | 119 | curl -sL https://tg.st/u/ksh | bash |
| | 120 | |
| | 121 | Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to |
| | 122 | support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the |
| | 123 | instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is: |
| | 124 | |
| | 125 | - Backup /boot/efi/EFI |
| | 126 | - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition |
| | 127 | - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option |
| | 128 | - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back |
| | 129 | |
| | 130 | So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub |
| | 131 | updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom. |
projects / m1-debian / blame_incremental