cvs.zerfleddert.de Git - m1-debian/blob - README.md

   1 This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
   2
   3 # Tripwires
   4 The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub.  The two
   5 additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model also don't work in u-boot, grub
   6 and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
   7 installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
   8 Selecting locked volume > click "Mount".
   9
  10 # Artefacts
  11 If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script.
  12
  13 # Asahi installer
  14
  15 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
  16
  17 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
  18
  19 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
  20
  21 * Run the asahi installer and select Debian (1):
  22
  23         curl -sL tg.st/d | sh
  24
  25 * Follow the installer instructions.
  26
  27 * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
  28
  29         passwd
  30         pwconv
  31
  32 * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
  33
  34         vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
  35         ifup wlp1s0f0
  36         vi /etc/network/interfaces
  37
  38 * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
  39
  40         reboot
  41
  42 * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
  43
  44         apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
  45
  46 * Create yourself an unprivileged user
  47
  48         useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
  49         passwd <username>
  50
  51 * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
  52
  53         apt update
  54         apt install -y openssh-server
  55
  56 # Debian Installer
  57 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/m1-d-i.mp4)
  58
  59 **Do not use. It is broken at the moment.**
  60
  61 * Prerequisites
  62
  63     * USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible to run the Debian installer from another PC using m1n1 chainloading. But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
  64     * If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
  65
  66 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
  67
  68 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
  69
  70 * Run the asahi installer and select m1n1+UEFI:
  71         curl -sL tg.st/d | sh
  72
  73 * Follow the installer instructions.
  74
  75 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. On Linux you would use the following:
  76
  77         # Identify the usb stick device
  78         lsblk
  79         DEVICE=/dev/sdX
  80         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
  81         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
  82         mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
  83
  84         mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt
  85         cd /mnt
  86         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/m1-d-i.tar | tar -xf -
  87         umount /mnt
  88
  89 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian installer should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
  90
  91         linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz expert net.ifnames=0
  92         initrd (hdx,msdos1)/initrd.gz
  93
  94 * If you need wifi, on the first installer page press **Fn + Option + F2** to change to the second terminal, press **return** to activate the console, and issue the following commands to configure wifi
  95
  96         ./wifi.sh
  97
  98 * Switch back to the primary console by pressing **Fn + Option + F1**.
  99
 100 * Follow the installer along until you end up in the partitioning menu
 101
 102     * Create one 256M EFI system partition. 512M and 1G partitions fail with an error about wrong clustersize.
 103     * Create another partition for root
 104
 105 * When you get an error about grub failing, switch to the third console by pressing **Fn + Option + F2**, press **return** to active the console unless already activated, and issue the following commands:
 106
 107         ./boot.sh
 108
 109 * Switch back to the installer console by pressing **Fn + Option + F1** and continue the installer besides errors. The system will reboot into the newly installed system.
 110
 111 # Livesystem
 112 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
 113 * Prerequisites
 114
 115     * USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible to run the Debian installer from another PC using m1n1 chainloading. But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
 116     * If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
 117
 118 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
 119
 120         # Identify the usb stick device
 121         lsblk
 122         DEVICE=/dev/sdX
 123         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
 124         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
 125         mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
 126
 127         mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt
 128         cd /mnt
 129         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
 130         umount /mnt
 131
 132 In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
 133
 134         Name: LIVE
 135         Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
 136         Scheme: Master Boot Record
 137
 138 Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
 139
 140         sudo su -
 141         cd /Volumes/LIVE
 142         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
 143
 144 * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
 145
 146 * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdoun by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
 147
 148         run bootcmd_usb0
 149
 150 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
 151
 152         linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
 153         initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
 154         boot
 155
 156 * Log in as **root** without password.
 157
 158 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.