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1 This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
2
3 # Tripwires
4 The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub. The two
5 additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model don't work in u-boot, grub
6 and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
7 installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
8 Selecting locked volume > click "Mount". Debian does not include the choosen
9 EFI patch. As a result it will always pick the first ESP partition. This can be
10 problematic if you're using multiple ESP partitions for example when having
11 multiple Linux and BSD installations.
12
13 # Artefacts
14 If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script.
15
16 # Kernel header files
17 The kernel header files can be found here: <https://thomas.glanzmann.de/asahi/>
18
19 # Asahi installer
20
21 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
22
23 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
24
25 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
26
27 * Run the asahi installer and select Debian:
28
29 curl -sL https://tg.st/d | sh
30
31 * Follow the installer instructions.
32
33 * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
34
35 passwd
36 pwconv
37
38 * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
39
40 vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
41 ifup wlp1s0f0
42 vi /etc/network/interfaces
43
44 * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
45
46 reboot
47
48 * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
49
50 apt-get update
51 apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
52
53 * Create yourself an unprivileged user
54
55 useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
56 passwd <username>
57
58 * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
59
60 apt update
61 apt install -y openssh-server
62
63 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to do other interesting things.
64
65 # Livesystem
66
67 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
68
69 * Prerequisites
70
71 - USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible
72 to run the Debian livesystem from another PC using m1n1 chainloading.
73 But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
74 - If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
75
76 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
77
78 # Identify the usb stick device
79 lsblk
80
81 DEVICE=/dev/sdX
82 parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
83 parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
84 mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
85 mount ${DEVICE}1 /mnt
86 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -C /mnt -xf -
87 umount /mnt
88
89 In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
90
91 Name: LIVE
92 Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
93 Scheme: Master Boot Record
94
95 Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
96
97 sudo su -
98 cd /Volumes/LIVE
99 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
100
101 * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
102
103 * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdown by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
104
105 run bootcmd_usb0
106
107 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
108
109 linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
110 initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
111 boot
112
113 * Log in as **root** without password.
114
115 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.
116
117 # FAQ
118
119 * If I install Debian, will it still be relatively easy to update the Asahi work as it develops?
120
121 Yes, long answer below.
122
123 To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run
124 as root:
125
126 apt update
127 apt upgrade
128
129 For installations before 2022-12-12, see <https://thomas.glanzmann.de/asahi/README.txt>
130
131 Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to
132 support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the
133 instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is:
134
135 - Backup /boot/efi/EFI
136 - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition
137 - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option
138 - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back
139
140 So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub
141 updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom.
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