cvs.zerfleddert.de Git - m1-debian/blob - README.md

   1 This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
   2
   3 # Tripwires
   4 The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub.  The two
   5 additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model don't work in u-boot, grub
   6 and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
   7 installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
   8 Selecting locked volume > click "Mount". Debian does not include the choosen
   9 EFI patch. As a result it will always pick the first ESP partition. This can be
  10 problematic if you're using multiple ESP partitions for example when having
  11 multiple Linux and BSD installations.
  12
  13 # Artefacts
  14 If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script.
  15
  16 # Kernel header files
  17 The kernel header files can be found here: <https://thomas.glanzmann.de/asahi/>
  18
  19 # Asahi installer
  20
  21 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
  22
  23 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
  24
  25 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
  26
  27 * Run the asahi installer and select Debian:
  28
  29         curl -sL https://tg.st/d | sh
  30
  31 * Follow the installer instructions.
  32
  33 * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
  34
  35         passwd
  36         pwconv
  37
  38 * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
  39
  40         vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
  41         ifup wlp1s0f0
  42         vi /etc/network/interfaces
  43
  44 * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
  45
  46         reboot
  47
  48 * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
  49
  50         apt-get update
  51         apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
  52
  53 * Create yourself an unprivileged user
  54
  55         useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
  56         passwd <username>
  57
  58 * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
  59
  60         apt update
  61         apt install -y openssh-server
  62
  63 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to do other interesting things.
  64
  65 # Livesystem
  66
  67 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
  68
  69 * Prerequisites
  70
  71         - USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible
  72           to run the Debian livesystem from another PC using m1n1 chainloading.
  73           But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
  74         - If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
  75
  76 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
  77
  78         # Identify the usb stick device
  79         lsblk
  80
  81         DEVICE=/dev/sdX
  82         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
  83         parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
  84         mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
  85         mount ${DEVICE}1 /mnt
  86         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -C /mnt -xf -
  87         umount /mnt
  88
  89 In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
  90
  91         Name: LIVE
  92         Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
  93         Scheme: Master Boot Record
  94
  95 Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
  96
  97         sudo su -
  98         cd /Volumes/LIVE
  99         curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
 100
 101 * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
 102
 103 * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdown by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
 104
 105         run bootcmd_usb0
 106
 107 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
 108
 109         linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
 110         initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
 111         boot
 112
 113 * Log in as **root** without password.
 114
 115 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.
 116
 117 # FAQ
 118
 119 *  If I install Debian, will it still be relatively easy to update the Asahi work as it develops?
 120
 121 Yes, long answer below.
 122
 123 To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run
 124 as root:
 125
 126         apt update
 127         apt upgrade
 128
 129 For installations before 2022-12-12, see <https://thomas.glanzmann.de/asahi/README.txt>
 130
 131 Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to
 132 support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the
 133 instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is:
 134
 135         - Backup /boot/efi/EFI
 136         - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition
 137         - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option
 138         - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back
 139
 140 So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub
 141 updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom.