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1 This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
2
3 # Tripwires
4 The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub. The two
5 additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model don't work in u-boot, grub
6 and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
7 installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
8 Selecting locked volume > click "Mount".
9
10 # This installation is not suited to be mixed with other ASAHI or BSD installations until further investiation.
11
12 # Artefacts
13 If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script.
14
15 # Asahi installer
16
17 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
18
19 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
20
21 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
22
23 * Run the asahi installer and select Debian:
24
25 curl -sL https://tg.st/d | sh
26
27 * Follow the installer instructions.
28
29 * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
30
31 passwd
32 pwconv
33
34 * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
35
36 vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
37 ifup wlp1s0f0
38 vi /etc/network/interfaces
39
40 * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
41
42 reboot
43
44 * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
45
46 apt-get update
47 apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
48
49 * Create yourself an unprivileged user
50
51 useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
52 passwd <username>
53
54 * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
55
56 apt update
57 apt install -y openssh-server
58
59 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to do other interesting things.
60
61 # Livesystem
62
63 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
64
65 * Prerequisites
66
67 - USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible
68 to run the Debian livesystem from another PC using m1n1 chainloading.
69 But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
70 - If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
71
72 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
73
74 # Identify the usb stick device
75 lsblk
76
77 DEVICE=/dev/sdX
78 parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
79 parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
80 mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
81 mount ${DEVICE}1 /mnt
82 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -C /mnt -xf -
83 umount /mnt
84
85 In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
86
87 Name: LIVE
88 Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
89 Scheme: Master Boot Record
90
91 Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
92
93 sudo su -
94 cd /Volumes/LIVE
95 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
96
97 * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
98
99 * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdown by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
100
101 run bootcmd_usb0
102
103 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
104
105 linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
106 initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
107 boot
108
109 * Log in as **root** without password.
110
111 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.
112
113 # FAQ
114
115 * If I install Debian, will it still be relatively easy to update the Asahi work as it develops?
116
117 Yes, long answer below.
118
119 To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run
120 as root:
121
122 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/ksh | bash
123
124 Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to
125 support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the
126 instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is:
127
128 - Backup /boot/efi/EFI
129 - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition
130 - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option
131 - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back
132
133 So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub
134 updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom.
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