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1 This pages explains how to install Debian on Apple Silicon machines.
2
3 # Tripwires
4 The USB-A Port on the Mac Mini will not work in u-boot and grub. The two
5 additional USB-3 ports on the iMac 4 port model also don't work in u-boot, grub
6 and Linux. In order to install Linux on a FileVault-enabled Mac run the
7 installer from Recovery open Disk Utility > Expanding "Macintosh HD" >
8 Selecting locked volume > click "Mount".
9
10 # Artefacts
11 If you don't want to use the prebuild artefacts, you can build them yourself using the [bootstrap.sh](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/bootstrap.sh) script.
12
13 # Asahi installer
14
15 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/debian_asahi_installer.mp4)
16
17 * Poweroff your Mac. Hold and press the power button until you see a wheel chain and Options written below. Approx 20 seconds.
18
19 * In the boot picker, choose Options. Once loaded, open a Terminal under Utilities > Terminal
20
21 * Run the asahi installer and select Debian:
22
23 curl -sL tg.st/d | sh
24
25 * Follow the installer instructions.
26
27 * Once Debian is booted log in as root without password and set a root password
28
29 passwd
30 pwconv
31
32 * Configure wifi by editing the wpa_supplicant.conf, enabling the interface and remove the # before allow-hotplug to enable it during boot.
33
34 vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
35 ifup wlp1s0f0
36 vi /etc/network/interfaces
37
38 * Reboot to see if grub was correctly installed
39
40 reboot
41
42 * Install a desktop environment for example blackbox
43
44 apt-get install -y xinit blackbox xterm firefox-esr lightdm
45
46 * Create yourself an unprivileged user
47
48 useradd -m -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /bin/bash <username>
49 passwd <username>
50
51 * Optional install sshd. You can not log in as root, but only with your unprivileged user
52
53 apt update
54 apt install -y openssh-server
55
56 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to do other interesting things.
57
58 # Livesystem
59 [Video Recording](https://tg.st/u/live.mp4)
60 * Prerequisites
61
62 * USB Stick. this is what this guide assumes, but it is also possible to run the Debian installer from another PC using m1n1 chainloading. But if you know how to do that, you probably don't need this guide.
63 * If possible use an Ethernet Dongle, less typing.
64
65 * Create USB Stick with a single vfat partition on it and untar the modified Debian installer on it. Instructions for Linux:
66
67 # Identify the usb stick device
68 lsblk
69 DEVICE=/dev/sdX
70 parted -a optimal $DEVICE mklabel msdos
71 parted -a optimal $DEVICE mkpart primary fat32 2048s 100%
72 mkfs.vfat ${DEVICE}1
73
74 mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt
75 cd /mnt
76 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
77 umount /mnt
78
79 In order to format the usb stick under Macos, open the disk utility, right-click on the usb stick (usually the lowest device in the list) and select erase. Choose the following options:
80
81 Name: LIVE
82 Format: MS-DOS (FAT)
83 Scheme: Master Boot Record
84
85 Than open a terminal, and run the following commands:
86
87 sudo su -
88 cd /Volumes/LIVE
89 curl -sL https://tg.st/u/asahi-debian-live.tar | tar -xf -
90
91 * You need to run the asahi installer and have either an OS installed or m1n1+UEFI.
92
93 * If you have a EFI binary on the NVMe and want to boot from the usb stick, you need to interrupt u-boot on the countdoun by pressing any key and run the following comamnd to boot from usb:
94
95 run bootcmd_usb0
96
97 * Reboot with the USB stick connected, the Debian livesystem should automatically start, if it doesn't load the kernel and initrd manually, you can use tab. For x try 0,1,2,...
98
99 linux (hdX,msdos1)/vmlinuz
100 initrd (hdX,msdos1)/initrd.gz
101 boot
102
103 * Log in as **root** without password.
104
105 * Consult the **[/root/quickstart.txt](https://git.zerfleddert.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/m1-debian/blob_plain/refs/heads/master:/files/quickstart.txt)** file to find out how to get the networking up, etc.
106
107 # FAQ
108
109 * If I install Debian, will it still be relatively easy to update the Asahi work as it develops?
110
111 Yes, long answer below.
112
113 To update the kernel to the lastest "stable" asahi branch you need to run
114 as root:
115
116 curl -sL tg.st/u/ksh | bash
117
118 Later it might be necessary to upgrade the stub parition in order to
119 support the GPU code. As soon as that happens, I'll add the
120 instructions and a video in order to do so, but short version is:
121
122 - Backup /boot/efi/EFI
123 - Delete the old stub and efi/esp partition
124 - Rerun the asahi installer with m1n1+u-boot option
125 - Put the /boot/efi/EFI back
126
127 So, you never need to reinstall Debian. Kernel updates are easy, stub
128 updates are a little bit more cumbersome but also seldom.
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